Effect of Submicron SiO_(2) Powder Addition on Properties of Cement Free Iron Trough Castables

A new cement free iron trough castable was prepared with dense corundum and silicon carbide as the main raw materials and submicron SiO_(2) powder(d_(50)=0.242μm,SiO_(2)=99.9 mass%)as the binder.The effect of the submicron SiO_(2) powder addition(3%,4%,5%,6%,7%,8%,and 9%,by mass,respectively)on the properties of the prepared castables was studied.The working mechanism of submicron SiO_(2) powder was analyzed from the perspective of the particle size distribution and infrared absorption spectrum.The results show that:(1)cement free iron trough castables can be prepared using submicron SiO_(2) powder alone as the binder;(2)compared with traditional castables,the cement free castables have made a breakthrough in the water addition and hot modulus of rupture.The optimal submicron SiO_(2) powder addition is 4%-6%.

Prediction of Free Lime Content in Cement Clinker Based on RBF Neural Network

Considering the fact that free calcium oxide content is an important parameter to evaluate the quality of cement clinker, it is very significant to predict the change of free calcium oxide content through adjusting the parameters of processing technique. In fact, the making process of cement clinker is very complex. Therefore, it is very difficult to describe this relationship using the conventional mathematical methods. Using several models, i e, linear regression model, nonlinear regression model, Back Propagation neural network model, and Radial Basis Function （RBF） neural network model, we investigated the possibility to predict the free calcium oxide content according to selected parameters of the production process. The results indicate that RBF neural network model can predict the free lime content with the highest precision （1.3%） among all the models.

Improvement of Water Sensitivity of Macro-defect-free Cement Based Composites with Cross Coupling Agent

The enhancement of interface bonding between cement and polymerand the structural reticula- tion of the water-soluble polymer areproposed to minimize the shortening of the mechanical properties ofmacro-de- fect-free(MDF)cement based composites at high relativehumidity. The MDF composites incorporated with vari- ouscross-coupling agents studied experimentally. The results show thatthe MDF composites modified with small amounts of cross-couplingagent had raised mechanical properties, but it is more important thatthe modified MDF composites had a significant increase in waterresistance compared to the original one.

The Influence of Free Water Content on Dielectric Properties of Alkali Active Slag Cement Paste

The dielectric performance of alkali activated slag （AAS） cement paste was investigated in the frequency range of 1 to 1000 MHz. The experimental results showed the unstable dielectric properties of harden paste were mostly influenced by the fraction of free water in paste or absorbed water from ambient, but not including hydration water and microstructure. The free water was completely eliminated by heat treatment at 105 ℃ about 4 hours, and then its dielectric loss was depressed; but with the exposure time in air increasing, the free water adsorption in ambient air made the dielectric property of harden cement paste to be bad. The temperature and relative humidity of environment was the key factors of free water adsorption; hence, if the influence of free water on dielectric constant was measured or eliminated, the cement-based materials may be applied in humidity sensitive materials or dielectric materials domains.

含双温敏单体的耐220℃高温降失水剂

针对目前油井水泥降失水剂高温条件下耐温性差的问题,通过分子结构设计,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、双温敏单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)与N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAA)为原料,通过水溶液自由基聚合法制备了一种耐高温降失水剂(LHF-1L)。以失水量为评价指标,对合成条件进行了优选,同时对LHF-1L进行了结构表征和性能评价。结果表明,在AM、SSS、DMAA、DEAA物质的量比为4∶6∶2∶0.5,引发剂为单体总质量0.75%的过硫酸钾(KPS)溶液,反应物溶液pH值为7,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为4 h的条件下制得的LHF-1L的降滤失性能最佳。在220℃、7%加量下的失水量为42 mL。FT-IR、TG和GPC测试结果表明,4个单体均成功参与聚合并生成目标产物。当温度达到273℃后,LHF-1L才出现明显的热损失,其多分散系数为1.396,数均分子量为171 351 g/mol。此外,LHF-1L对水泥浆流动度和水泥石抗压强度发展的影响较小。在220℃下,在水泥浆中加入7%LHF-1L后的失水量仍能控制在50 mL以内。在150℃、94.4 MPa下,LHF-1L不会使水泥浆急剧增稠和超缓凝,稠化曲线正常,未发生异常胶凝现象。采用双温敏单体制备LHF-1L,增强了其在高温下的温敏疏水缔合作用,从而提高了高温降滤失性能,可以满足高温条件下的固井技术需求。

CO_(2)矿化改性高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆力学性能和微结构的影响

为改善高钙粉煤灰在混凝土中的体积安定性和水化活性,本文对高钙粉煤灰进行了CO_(2)矿化改性,研究了不同CO_(2)矿化反应时长下高钙粉煤灰的固碳量和游离氧化钙含量,及CO_(2)矿化改性高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆水化热、力学性能和孔隙结构的影响。结果表明,经12 h CO_(2)矿化改性处理,高钙粉煤灰固碳量可超过10%(质量分数),高钙粉煤灰中的游离氧化钙含量明显降低。随着矿化反应时间的延长,掺高钙粉煤灰的水泥浆体水化诱导期缩短,早期水化放热量明显降低。CO_(2)矿化改性处理还能减轻高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆强度的负面影响,改善水泥砂浆孔隙结构,降低孔隙率和大孔含量,促进水泥的早期水化和水化硅酸钙的成核结晶。

利用工业固体废弃物制备全固废无熟料水泥的试验研究

采用钢渣、矿渣、三级粉煤灰、脱硫石膏和碱渣为原料制备全固废无熟料水泥,通过调整各个物料之间的比例,研究其凝结时间和抗压强度。研究发现:当钢渣掺入质量为30%时,28 d胶砂强度可达39.2 MPa;用10%的粉煤灰替代矿渣,28 d胶砂强度有少量降低,其值为36.1 MPa。加入Na_(2)SiO_(3)对全固废无熟料水泥凝结时间具有较好的调节效果,当Na_(2)SiO_(3)掺入质量为0.6%时,全固废无熟料水泥的初凝时间为145 min,终凝时间为239 min,与普通硅酸盐水泥相近。同时,Na_(2)SiO_(3)对全固废无熟料水泥的强度具有较好的激发效果,当Na_(2)SiO_(3)掺入质量为0.6%时,其28 d胶砂强度增大到49.5 MPa。

邻苯二酚对液体无碱速凝剂性能的影响研究

以硫酸铝为主要组分的液体无碱速凝剂,其碱含量低、早期和后期强度高,掺量大,针对该无碱速凝剂的性能特点,本文从水泥净浆凝结时间、各龄期胶砂强度、长期力学性能和相容性等方面,研究了邻苯二酚对液体无碱速凝剂性能的影响。结果表明:在液体无碱速凝剂中掺入0.25%~1%的邻苯二酚,可以显著缩短硅酸盐水泥的净浆凝结时间;当邻苯二酚掺量达到1%时,硅酸盐水泥净浆凝结时间由17min20s缩短至1min30s,速凝剂最佳掺量由9%下降至6%;当邻苯二酚在液体无碱速凝剂中的掺量达到1%时,相同速凝剂掺量下的硅酸盐水泥1d胶砂强度由12.9MPa下降至5.0MPa,速凝剂最佳掺量下的硅酸盐水泥1d胶砂强度由13.8MPa下降至6.5 MPa,并且水泥浆体的28d抗压强度比和90d抗压强度保留率呈先下降后回升的趋势;邻苯二酚与试验的基准水泥、海螺水泥、三盛水泥均具有较好的相容性。

新型早强高性能喷射混凝土胶材的力学性能及微观分析

针对目前喷射混凝土普遍存在强度低、耐久性差等问题,通过正交试验确定矿物掺合料用量,在此基础上,进一步研究了粉煤灰、硅灰、复掺硫铝酸盐水泥、无碱速凝剂对胶凝材料力学性能、孔结构和水化产物的影响规律,并揭示了新型混凝土早强高性能的作用机理。结果表明:采用内掺8%硅灰、10%粉煤灰和5%硫铝酸盐水泥,外掺4%无碱速凝剂的配比能够有效降低多害孔的占比,提高无害孔的占比,减少了胶凝体系的总孔隙率,可有效提高胶凝体系抗压强度。硫铝酸盐水泥和无碱速凝剂促进AFt微观骨架的快速形成,硅灰和粉煤灰促进C-S-H凝胶生成,对骨架孔隙进行填充,提高胶材的密实度,优化胶材的孔隙结构,进而提高胶材的力学性能。研究为制备具有早期强度增长速度快和高密实度的新型早强高性能喷射混凝土提供支持。

高速公路快速养生再生水稳碎石基层关键技术研究与应用

当前,路面铣刨料(RAP)再生利用环节存在利用途径窄、利用层位偏下等问题,而且传统的水泥稳定碎石基层施工需要封闭交通7 d进行保水养生,之后才能实施沥青面层施工作业,容易引发交通拥堵问题和安全隐患。因此,文章针对上述不足之处,开展高速公路快速养生再生水稳碎石基层关键技术研究,提升了铣刨料再生应用层位,同时在混合料中添加自主研发的免养生剂,实现基层施工完成1 d后即可开放交通、开展下一道工序的施工,为当前高速公路尤其是应急工程及改扩建工程项目水稳施工提供了新的技术借鉴。

Strength of Limestone-based Non-calcined Cement and its Properties

A new type of cement was prepared with ground limestone powder, blastfumace slag, steel slag and gypsum without calcination. The fraction of ground limestone powder in the cement was as high as 40 wt%-60 wt% without Portland clinker. All of its physical properties can meet the requirements of masonry cement standards. The impact of limestone content on physical properties of the cement and determined its impact on law was investigated. The steel slag can excit the aquation activity of this cement effectively, and the influence of its quantity on the strength of the materials was studied, which shows that the optimum quantity of mixing is 10%. By way of changing the different content of the lime stone by quartzy sample, the law of the compression strength and the PH value was determined, confirming that the lime stone can promote the early aquation of the slag and improve the early strength. The main hydration product of this cement is calcium aluminate hydrate, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate, as indicated by XRD and SEM analysis.

Progress of Environment-friendly Basic Refractories for Cement Industry

The chrome pollution from cement industry was introduced briefly,the research on chrome free basic refractories for cement kilns was reviewed,the production technologies of magnesia calcia,magnesium aluminate spinel,magnesia hercynite refractories,etc. were specified,the principles to improve thermal shock resistance and coating adhesiveness of refractories were analyzed,the measures to extend service life by improving production equipment and service conditions of refractories were put forward,the future of chrome free refractories was expected and some developing suggestions were given.

Thermodynamic data calculation for iron phases in sulfoaluminate cementitious materials prepared using solid wastes

The preparation of sulfoaluminate cementitious materials(SCM)is a promising way to massively utilize solid wastes.Iron phases are significant in SCM system but the thermodynamic data of some key minerals,such as6 CaO·Al2 O3·2 Fe2 O3(C6 AF2)and 6 CaO·2 Al2 O3·Fe2 O3(C6 A2 F),are missing,which greatly hinders the SCM optimization in a theoretical way.This work,for the first time,calculated the standard formation enthalpy,Gibbs free energy of formation,entropy and molar heat capacity for C6 AF2 and C6 A2 F and lowered the errors to the least with the reference of C4 AF data in the literature.By building the function diagram of Gibbs free energy changes with temperature for the basic iron phase formation reactions with the obtained thermodynamic data,it is proved that the formation likeliness of C6 AF2 is higher than that of C6 A2 F,as is accordant to the literatures and verifies the correctness of obtained data.This work provides a good theoretical foundation to optimize SCM mineral system and to study relevant mechanism deeply.

改性组分对掺加无碱液体速凝剂水泥早期性能的影响

目的 研究掺入基于多元醇与铝盐的改性组分改善掺加无碱液体速凝剂后的水泥早期强度等性能。方法 控制速凝剂质量比不变,测试不同改性组分质量比的普通硅酸盐水泥的凝结时间和抗压强度,通过28 d、90 d抗压强度比验证强度变化规律,分析水化放热特点,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜探究并分析试样微观表征。结果 掺入改性组分后,水泥的凝结时间缩短,1 d的抗压强度提高,水化放热速率增大,并伴有大量针状钙矾石生成,当掺量为0.04%时效果最佳,此时的初凝时间为1.72 min,终凝时间为2.37 min, 1 d抗压强度达到了10.01 MPa。结论 改性组分有利于无碱液体速凝剂加快水泥水化放热速率,促进试样中针状钙矾石生成,有利于网络空间结构的搭建,很好地改善了水泥水化性能,提高了早期抗压强度。

混凝土中无碱液体速凝剂与水泥及掺合料适应性的影响因素及影响规律

研究论述了无碱液体速凝剂的作用机理,对速凝剂的适应性做了定义,并详细阐述了影响无碱液体速凝剂与混凝土中水泥、掺合料的适应性因素及影响规律,主要包括水泥的矿物组成、石膏、可溶性碱、混合材、助磨剂、细度、新鲜程度和温度,以及矿物掺合料的种类等。研究内容对安全、高效应用无碱液体速凝剂具有一定的参考作用。

A Study on the Structure and Behavior of Sinter-free Material for Phosphorous Removal from Waste Water

Oyster shell and cement were taken as the major raw materials to fabricate hollow, tubular and recoverable material for phosphorous removal （P removal） from waste water without sintering. In this paper, the effects of different affecting factors on the sample P removal ratio were discussed to select optimal P removal process conditions. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the microscopic structures and composition of samples, and molybdenum blue spectrophotometry was applied to determine the P content in waste water. Results showed that at 30 ℃ for 2 d, the P removal ratio reached 93.3% when the cement content was 10 wt% and oyster shell powder was 90 wt%. SEM analysis revealed a flaky structure consisting of phosphorus-containing compound in the samples after P removal, and it piled on and maintained the porous structure. In addition, the results also suggested that raising the ambient temperature was benefit to the P removal. The P removal ratio of the material was optimal under neutral and alkali conditions.

浅部地层自由套管外二次置换固井水泥浆体系研究

胜利油田经过了二十多年的开发,早期的开发井油层套管水泥面以上的套管腐蚀破坏严重,严重干扰正常生产。为此,拟对浅部地层自由套管段进行二次固井,可在修复套管密封失效的同时防止套管进一步腐蚀。针对环空二次固井注浆施工工艺特点,结合浅部地层松软的特点,在明确浅部地层自由套管外二次固井性能需求的基础上,对水泥浆体系进行开发。通过对胶凝材料体系、低黏触变剂、降失水剂和缓凝剂的研选,构建出一种低密度-低黏度-强触变-长稠化时间的固井水泥浆体系,其配方为:40%G级油井水泥+30%粉煤灰+30%矿渣+(20%~25%)低黏触变剂L-TA+2.5%聚乙烯醇降失水剂+(0.16%~0.32%)氧化锌+1%分散剂+0.5%消泡剂,水固比为0.56,水泥浆密度低至1.5~1.6 g/cm^(3),黏度小于50 mPa·s,稠化时间大于15 h,平均静切力差值为17.885 N/m2、且触变具有可重复性,满足东部老区浅部地层自由套管外二次固井作业的要求。

硫铝酸盐水泥对无砂自流平材料物理力学性能的影响

研究了硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)掺量对硅酸盐水泥基无砂自流平材料流动性和强度的影响,以及减水剂掺量和SAC掺量对硫铝酸盐水泥基无砂自流平材料流动性和强度的影响。结果表明:对于硅酸盐水泥基自流平材料,当SAC掺量由0增加到20%时,初始流动度基本保持稳定,30 min流动度持续降低,1d抗折强度和抗压强度先降低后有所提高,3、28 d抗折强度和抗压强度总体上不断降低;对于硫铝酸盐水泥基自流平材料,30 min流动度均为0,随着减水剂掺量从0.225%增加到0.300%,初始流动度先显著提高,后趋于稳定,抗折强度和抗压强度变化不大;当SAC掺量从200 g增加到280 g时,初始流动度有所增加,抗折强度和抗压强度显著提高。

烧结气氛对表面无立方相硬质合金组织和性能的影响

分别在氩气和氮气烧结气氛下制备了表面无立方相硬质合金,借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析了表面无立方相层(Cubic-phaseFreeLayer,CFL)及相邻含立方相侧的组织特征,并对比了两种合金的切削性能。结果表明:在氮气气氛中烧结时,合金的液相维持时间更长,WC晶粒较氩气气氛烧结更为粗大。同时,氮气气氛下立方相的溶解析出被抑制,形成的CFL厚度较薄,立方相晶粒的聚集程度低于氩气气氛烧结,分布更加均匀。氮气气氛烧结的合金刀片在切削过程中可长时间维持刀尖形状,不发生软化变形,切削性能优于氩气气氛烧结的刀片。

废树脂辐解气体对普通硅酸盐水泥矿物成分影响的热力学分析

水泥的矿物相成分及含量是影响水泥固化体性能的关键因素,本文基于热力学吉布斯自由能最小化方法,采用GEMS软件研究了废树脂辐解产生的H_(2)、CH_(4)、CO_(2)3种气体对普通硅酸盐水泥矿物相组成和矿物相总体积的影响。结果表明:仅有少量H_(2)和CH_(4)与水泥水化产物反应,造成高Ca/Si的矿物相溶解,矿物相的总体积基本稳定;辐解产生的CO_(2)会先与水泥水化产物中的羟钙石反应,羟钙石完全溶解后,硅酸盐矿物开始溶解,最后形成由大量碳酸盐和少量黏土矿物组成的体系,矿物相的总体积减小。本研究结果揭示了废树脂辐解产生气体引起水泥固化体降解的演变规律及机制,可为废树脂水泥固化体处置安全评价提供数据支撑。