The compressive strength experimental study of cemented soil under H2SO4 corrosive in earlier period

In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process such as the changes of corrosive depth and unconfined compression strength of cemented soil sample in earlier period from 0 day to 60 days, a series of tests including unconfined compressive tests, measuring the blocks＇ sizes, and taking photos, are conducted on the cemented soil blocks which were cured in different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions. The results of tests show that the corrosive depth is increasing and the unconfined compression strength is decreasing with the increase of H2SO4 solution concentration at the same erosion time, and the corrosive degree is increasing with the corrosive time. In the earlier state, the corrosive effect is serious, but the effect becomes slow in the later state in the same concentrated H2SO4 solution. After take statistics the date, a coefficient a is put forward to predict the reduction of the compressive strength of cemented soil in various concentration of H2SO4 solution, which could be used in practical design.

Assessment of strength development in cement-admixed artificial organic soil with GX07

To explore the stabilization effect of stabilizing agent GX07 on treating organic soil and the influence of organic matter on the strength development of stabilized soil,artificial organic soil with various organic matter content was obtained by adding different amounts of fulvic acid into non-organic clay,and then liquid-plastic limit tests were carried out on the artificial organic soil.Meanwhile,unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests were performed on cement-only soil and composite stabilized soil,respectively.The test results indicate that the plastic limit of soil samples increases linearly,and the liquid limit increases exponentially as the organic matter content increases.The strength of stabilized soil is well correlated with the organic matter content,cement content,stabilizing agent content and curing time.When the organic matter content is 6%,as the cement content varies in the range of 10%-20%,the strength of cement-only soil increases from 88.5 to 280.8 kPa.Once 12.6% GX07 is added into the mix,the strength of stabilized soil is 4.93 times compared with that of cement-only soil.GX07 can obviously improve the strength of cemented-soil and has a good economic applicability.A strength model is proposed to predict strength development.

Experimental Study on Cemented Soil in Sulfate Radical Corrosive solution

The cemented soil is a widely used method to stabilize the weak soil.It would be working in polluted environment,and be influenced by environmental pollution such as acid rain,seawater invasion or industrial pollution,which may lead to deterioration of the structure.In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process including as the changes of corrosive degree of surface,compression strength of cemented soil samples and SO_(4)^(2-)concentration of corrosive solutions,a series of tests are conducted on the cemented soil blocks cured in different concentrations of MgSO_(4),H_(2)SO_(4)and Na_(2)SO_(4)solutions.The test results show that the corrosive degree of the sample surface increases while the compression strength decreases with the increase of the corrosive solution concentration at the same erosion time,and that the corrosive degree increases with the corrosive time.The influence of inorganic compound solutions on the cemented soil follows the order of Na_(2)SO_(4)>MgSO_(4)>H_(2)SO_(4).By analyzing the mechanism,the corrosive type of H_(2)SO_(4)and MgSO_(4)solutions to cemented soil is a composite type of resolving and crystallizing combination,and Na_(2)SO_(4)solution to cemented soil is a composite type of dissolving and crystallizing combination.

Key parameters controlling electrical resistivity and strength of cement treated soils

The improvement of question soils with cement shows great technical, economic and environmental advantages. And interest in introducing electrical resistivity measurement to assess the quality of cement treated soils has increased markedly recently due to its economical, non-destructive, and relatively non-invasive advantages. This work aims to quantify the effect of cement content （aw）, porosity （nt）, and curing time（T） on the electrical resistivity （p） and unconfined compression strength （UCS） of cement treated soil. A series of electrical resistivity tests and UCS tests of cement treated soil specimen after various curing periods were carried out. A modified Archie empirical law was proposed taking into account the effect of cement content and curing period on the electrical resistivity of cement treated soil. The results show that nt/（aw·T） and nt/（aw·T^1/2） ratio are appropriate parameters to assess electrical resistivity and UCS of cement treated soil, respectively. Finally, the relationship between UCS and electrical resistivity was also established.

Determination and Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Dry Jet Mixing

Dry jet mixing (DJM) for soft soil stabilization has been widely used since 1980s. The quality and strength of stabilized columns are fundamental parameters to evaluate the stabilization work. This paper presents the standard penetration test (SPT) method and its test results on cement columns. It is shown that SPT is an effective and simple method for inspecting and evaluating cement columns. The strength characteristics along the length of the column, a good correction between SPT blow count and the unconfined compressive strength are achieved.

Deformation and stability of the seawall,considering the strength uncertainty of cement mixing piles

The cement mixing (CM) pile is a common method of improving soft offshore ground. The strength growth of CM piles under complex conditions is affected by many factors, especially the cement and moisture contents, and shows significant uncertainty. To investigate the stochasticity of the early strength of CM piles and its impact on the displacement and stability of a seawall, a series of laboratory tests and numerical analyses were carried out in this study. Vane shear tests were conducted on the cement-solidified soil to determine the relationships between the undrained shear strength s_(u) of the cement soil curing in the seawater and the cement content a_(c), as well as the in situ soil moisture content w. It can be inferred that the 24 h undrained shear strength follows a normal distribution. A numerical model considering the random CM pile strength was established to investigate the deformation of the seawall. Due to the uncertainty of CM pile strength, the displacement of the seawall demonstrates a certain discreteness. The decrease of the mean undrained shear strength of CM piles causes a corresponding increase in the average displacement of the seawall. When the mean strength of CM piles is lower than a certain threshold, there is a risk of instability. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the strength within an individual CM pile also has an impact on seawall displacement. Attention should be paid to the uncertainty of CM pile strength to control displacement and stability.

Improvement of geotechnical properties of sabkha soil utilizing cement kiln dust

Improvement of properties of weak soils in terms of strength,durability and cost is the key from engineering point of view.The weak soils could be stabilized using mechanical and/or chemical methods.Agents added during chemical stabilization could improve the engineering properties of treated soils.Stabilizers utilized have to satisfy noticeable performance,durability,low price,and can be easily implemented.Since cement kiln dust(CKD) is industrial by-product,it would be a noble task if this waste material could be utilized for stabilization of sabkha soil.This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing CKD for improving the properties of sabkha soil.Soil samples are prepared with 2% cement and 10%,20% or 30% CKD and are tested to determine their unconfined compressive strength(UCS),soaked California bearing ratio(CBR) and durability.Mechanism of stabilization is studied utilizing advanced techniques,such as the scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX),backscattered electron image(BEI) and X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD).It is noted that the sabkha soil mixed with 2% cement and 30% CKD could be used as a sub-base material in rigid pavements.The incorporation of CKD leads to technical and economic benefits.

Mechanical properties of fiber and cement reinforced heavy metal-contaminated soils as roadbed filling

The treatment of contaminated soil is a crucial issue in geotechnical and environmental engineering.This study proposes to incorporate appropriate polypropylene fibers and cements as an effective method to treat heavy metal contaminated soil(HMCS).The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiber content,fiber length,cement content,curing time,heavy metal types and concentration on the mechanical properties of soils.To this end,a series of direct shear test,unconfined compression strength(UCS)test,dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle test are performed.The results confirm that the appropriate reinforcement of polypropylene fibers and cement is an effective way to recycle HMCS as substitutable fillers in roadbed,which exhibits benefits in environment and economy development.

The Mechanical Properties of Coastal Soil Treated with Cement

The influences of cement type, cement content, and curing time on the unconfined compression strength （UCS） of soil-cement were investigated. The influence of groundwater on UCS of soil- cement was also studied. The experimental results indicate that the soil treated with high grade cement presents a higher UCS. Additionally, the UCS of soil-cement presents linearly increased with the cement content. A logarithm correlation between UCS and curing time presents to forecast the strength development. Compared with the UCS of samples immersed in distilled water, those immersed in groundwater oresent a hizher value.

干湿循环作用下融雪剂对玻璃纤维水泥土力学性能影响的试验研究

为研究在干湿循环作用下不同种类融雪剂对玻璃纤维水泥土力学性能的影响,制备浓度为0.2mol/L的醋酸钾、氯化镁和硫酸钠溶液作为融雪剂溶液,将养护后的无纤维水泥土和有纤维水泥土试块在不同种类的融雪剂溶液中浸泡3d,然后将试块取出放入烘干箱内分别进行8~10次干湿循环。进而分析融雪剂类型、干湿循环次数对试块表面破坏状态、强度和质量等的影响。试验结果表明:经过10次干湿循环后,醋酸钾融雪剂溶液对试块质量和强度的影响程度小于氯化镁溶液和硫酸钠溶液,说明醋酸钾融雪剂对水泥土侵蚀作用较小;试块表面裂纹随着干湿循环次数的增加逐渐增多加深,在经历相同干湿循环次数后,有纤维水泥土试块的裂纹发展程度、质量损失率和强度损失率均低于无纤维水泥土试块,说明通过添加玻璃纤维可有效提高水泥土抗干湿循环和融雪剂侵蚀的能力。

干湿循环对自密实水泥土力学特性影响研究

为了探究干湿循环对自密实水泥土力学性能的影响规律,通过试验对比分析了不同水泥掺量下的自密实水泥土在不同干湿循环次数下的无侧限抗压强度,探讨了自密实水泥土的外观破损程度和强度劣化规律,并根据强度衰减规律,建立循环次数与劣化后强度的经验公式。研究发现干湿循环作用下自密实水泥土第j次循环后的强度衰减率是第1次强度衰减率的j^(0.3)倍;自密实水泥土应力-应变曲线峰值强度会随着循环次数的增加逐渐降低,试样的破坏类型由脆性破坏变成塑性破坏。

玄武岩纤维提升水泥土抗压性能试验研究

水泥土搅拌桩常用于处治山区软弱土路基,但其抗压强度和变形性能较弱,易发生脆性破坏。为此,提出采用玄武岩纤维提升水泥土搅拌桩抗压性能的方法,并通过单轴抗压试验分析纤维掺量和长度对玄武岩纤维水泥土抗压性能的影响规律,最后通过电镜扫描试验(SEM)揭示玄武岩纤维对水泥土的抗压性能提升机理。结果表明:玄武岩纤维水泥土的应力-应变曲线先后经历孔隙压密、弹性变形、弹塑性变形及破坏4个典型阶段;玄武岩纤维的掺入有效提高了水泥土的抗压性能,抗压强度、峰值应变随着纤维掺量的增加先增大后减小,弹性模量随之先减小后小幅上下波动;抗压强度随着纤维长度的增加而减小,峰值应变随之先增大后减小,而弹性模量则先减小后增大,在纤维掺量为0.6%、长度为6 mm时抗压强度最大;玄武岩纤维通过与水泥土颗粒之间的摩擦力和机械锚固力对土体进行摩擦加筋,锚固水泥土内部的裂纹增强颗粒之间的连接作用力,但当纤维过多或者较长时,会出现“堆聚”和“交叉搭接”现象,减少有效加筋纤维数量,从而降低试样的抗压性能,因此在水泥土中掺入玄武岩纤维时,纤维掺量和长度要适宜。

膨胀土流态固化改性试验与配合比研究

流态固化改性是弃方资源化新方式,有助于解决道路工程中异形或狭隘空间难以回填压实问题.选取南宁地区中等膨胀土弃方,与水、水泥及标准砂混合配制流态固化土试样并开展室内土工试验,分析掺配比对试样膨胀性、强度、流动度及泌水率的影响规律.结果表明:试样膨胀性由掺灰比和掺砂比决定,受水固比影响小,当掺灰比大于18%且掺砂比超过6%时,试样呈现非膨胀特征.无侧限抗压强度主要来自水泥水化作用,随掺砂比的增加呈先增大后降低的变化,掺砂比上限宜控制在10%;水固比增加导致强度大幅下降,水固比大于80%后干湿循环条件下的强度衰减趋势显著.初始流动度与水固比、掺砂比及掺灰比正相关,受掺灰比影响最小;试样拌合完成后的90 min是流动度损失的主要阶段,流动度损失率为23%~32%,随后变化放缓.泌水率取决于水固比,受掺灰比影响较小.基于试验规律,经归一化分析得到膨胀土流态固化改性配合比设计流程.

桐油对固化土搅拌和易性及强度的影响研究

搅拌法在穿越黏土地层(塑性指数大于25)施工时,黏土容易黏附在搅拌桨和转杆上,形成团聚包裹,极大地影响搅拌的和易性和固化土工程性质。桐油是一种干性天然植物油,具有较好疏水和润滑性,在传统生土材料中得到了广泛应用。针对水泥固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升问题,系统地研究了桐油改性黏土的液塑限、固化土的经验黏附比和无侧限抗压强度的变化规律,开展了电子显微镜扫描(SEM)、压汞试验(MIP)和傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)试验,探究了桐油对固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升的微观机理。结果表明,桐油可显著提高固化土的搅拌和易性,最优掺量约为干土质量的4.0%左右;对均匀搅拌的水泥固化土而言,掺入桐油后28d无侧限抗压强度可提升约1/3。综合对搅拌和易性与强度的提升效果,桐油在黏土地层搅拌施工中具有良好的应用前景,成果可为理论研究和工程实践提供参考。

废弃泥浆制作水泥泡沫轻质土室内试验研究

为处理废弃泥浆,利用水泥协同泥浆制作泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土来修筑高速公路路基。制作了相同重度、不同水固比以及相同水固比、不同重度的泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土试块,测试在标准养护条件下28 d抗压强度,探究泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土水固比、水泥比例与重度对28 d抗压强度的影响。结果表明:泥浆泡沫轻质土的28 d抗压强度与水固比成负相关,与重度和水泥比例成正相关;配制合适的废弃泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土可用于高速公路路基修筑。此外,1 m3泡沫轻质土中,各掺量分别为水泥397 kg、干泥浆193 kg、水383.5 kg、发泡液27.1 kg时,流值为187.3 mm,试块28 d抗压强度可达2.62 MPa,且早期强度较高、水泥用量较少,可作为泥浆水泥泡沫轻质土的推荐配比。

碳纤维水泥土压电性及传感器性能研究

国内外研究表明,在常规混凝土中加入碳纤维形成导电网络,可以使混凝土根据导电网络的变化感知自身应力应变、裂缝及损害,并提高混凝土强度和耐久性。鉴于碳纤维的自感知特性,提出碳纤维水泥土这一新型智能感知材料,通过无侧限抗压强度试验、电阻率试验、微观试验和模型试验,研究纤维掺量和纤维长度对碳纤维水泥土无侧限抗压强度和电阻率变化率的影响规律,并按最优配比制作碳纤维水泥土“传感器”,将此种传感器植入水泥土构件,建立传感器电阻率变化率与水泥土构件应力的函数关系,从而实现传感器对水泥土构件的应力监测。结果表明:在碳纤维水泥土材料的强度研究方面,碳纤维掺量和碳纤维长度均对碳纤维水泥土的无侧限抗压强度有影响,抗压强度随二者的增大均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在试验范围内,2%为最优碳纤维掺量,6 mm为最优碳纤维长度;在碳纤维水泥土的电阻率变化率研究方面,碳纤维掺量为1%,纤维长度为3 mm时,试件破坏时的电阻率变化率最大,碳纤维水泥土的受压自感应灵敏度最好;埋入构件的传感器电阻率变化率与水泥土构件的应力之间存在明显的指数关系,通过建立基于电阻率变化率的应力预测公式,从而可以实现水泥土结构的受力状态监测。

水泥夯土材料抗压强度试验及耐久性研究

为研究水泥改性夯土材料的力学性能,依据粒径和水泥含量不同制备了8种试件,在不同养护环境下养护5年后,对其进行抗压强度试验和表观耐久性评估,探究不同粒径和水泥含量对抗压强度和表观耐久性的影响。结果表明:水泥夯土材料强度与含水率、粒径分布、水泥掺量、养护方法和放置年限等因素相关;随时间积累试件抗压强度不断增加,但28 d室外养护试件强度显著下降;水泥掺量越大抗压强度就越大,室内养护试件强度大于室外养护试件强度;不添加砾石的试件表观耐久性优良,砾石掺量过高试件表观较差。

基于无侧限抗压强度试验的不同养护环境对水泥土强度影响研究

以福建省宁德市连城路(疏港路-学院路段)道路工程项目为依托,采用无侧限抗压强度试验系统研究了不同养护条件、不同水泥掺量、不同养护龄期对水泥土强度的影响。结果表明:当水泥掺量和养护龄期均相同时,试验箱中水泥土的无侧限抗压强度均小于标养箱;在同一水泥掺量下,试验箱和标养箱中水泥土的无侧限抗压强度均与养护龄期成正相关,即随着养护龄期的增加而增长,但其强度增长幅度随着养护龄期的增加逐渐降低;同一养护龄期下,不同养护条件下水泥土的无侧限抗压强度均随着水泥掺量的增加而增长,且试验箱和标养箱中试样的强度差值随着水泥掺量的增加逐渐加快。

生物酶联合水泥固化淤泥力学性能及机理

为改良淤泥强度,环保、高效解决疏浚淤泥处理问题,采用生物酶联合水泥对淤泥进行固化处理。通过无侧限抗压强度试验、直接剪切试验初步分析了生物酶对水泥固化淤泥强度的影响规律,并通过阳离子交换量试验(CEC)、电动电位试验、扫描电镜测试(SEM)、X射线衍射试验(XRD)和红外光谱试验(FTIR)等手段进一步探究了其协同固化机理。结果表明:生物酶联合水泥固化处理对淤泥强度有明显提升效果,其强度最高可提升73.8%,且生物酶掺量、种类、养护龄期影响其固化效果,但生物酶不和土体内矿物发生化学反应;生物酶和水泥的联合固化作用主要通过促进淤泥内阳离子交换作用,降低土体的电动电位,提高水泥水化产物的胶凝作用,促进活性黏土矿物的胶结以及催化包膜结构的形成实现;各类生物酶中,路易酶的固化效果最好,其水泥固化淤泥7 d无侧限抗压强度达378.8 kPa、黏聚力达307 kPa、内摩擦角达52.3°,相比水泥固化淤泥分别提高73.8%、33.2%和55.2%。

改进关系阈值比的砖混结构建筑抗压强度检测

针对因砖混生土砌体建筑结构影响因素多、压力强度特征难以捕捉,导致检测精准度低的问题,提出一种超声波回弹拟合分析的抗压强度检测方法。忽略建筑试件自然抗压变化,设定修正系数,以计算出的标准砖混生土试件抗压强度作为检测质量优劣的判定阈值。采用最小二乘积算法,建立抗压强度与其它参数间的拟合函数,分析强度值与碳化深度、回弹强度以及硬度等参数间线性关系。将超声波检测仪器作为算法实现载体,计算回弹势能与抗压强度、抗压强度与声波信号的正向变化关系,通过关系阈值比,判定反馈信号的抗压强度数值,完成抗压强度检测。仿真结果证明,所提方法的检测精准度高,在多种环境下均能完成有效检测。