The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric ...The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.展开更多
Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials.However,if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern,sustainable buildings,its material properties a...Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials.However,if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern,sustainable buildings,its material properties and produc-tion processes must be properly quantified.This paper proposes practical recommendations for soil selection,stabilizer treatment,and on-site compaction for rammed earth,based on a recent set of 219 stabilization experiments.The pur-pose of the recommendations is to maximize the probability of constructing rammed earth walls that meet or exceed a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa.The recommendations cover:(1)Quantifying the natural soil properties of linear shrinkage and texture in a staged sequence in order to identify suitable soils to stabilize(and to reject unsuit-able soils);(2)Quantifying the amounts of cement and/or lime to be added to the selected soil according to the values of soil properties measured;and(3)Quantifying the forces involved in on-site compaction of stabilized soil(for both manual and pneumatic ramming),and relating these to laboratory-based test standards.Although the recommenda-tions need to be tested and verified/refined using new data,their initial application to rammed earth construction situations in Australia indicates that they have predictive utility.Further research will also indicate the degree of applicability of the recommendations to the production of compressed earth bricks.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.
文摘Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials.However,if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern,sustainable buildings,its material properties and produc-tion processes must be properly quantified.This paper proposes practical recommendations for soil selection,stabilizer treatment,and on-site compaction for rammed earth,based on a recent set of 219 stabilization experiments.The pur-pose of the recommendations is to maximize the probability of constructing rammed earth walls that meet or exceed a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa.The recommendations cover:(1)Quantifying the natural soil properties of linear shrinkage and texture in a staged sequence in order to identify suitable soils to stabilize(and to reject unsuit-able soils);(2)Quantifying the amounts of cement and/or lime to be added to the selected soil according to the values of soil properties measured;and(3)Quantifying the forces involved in on-site compaction of stabilized soil(for both manual and pneumatic ramming),and relating these to laboratory-based test standards.Although the recommenda-tions need to be tested and verified/refined using new data,their initial application to rammed earth construction situations in Australia indicates that they have predictive utility.Further research will also indicate the degree of applicability of the recommendations to the production of compressed earth bricks.
