Multi-scale Modeling of the Effective Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Cement-based Composite Materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone （ITZ） between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself. For the convenience of applications, the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model, consisting of cement continuous phase, dispersed aggregates phase, interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase. A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure. During calculation, the tortuosity （n） and constrictivity factors （Ds/Do） of pore in the hardened pastes are n^3.2, Ds/Do=l.Ox 10-4 respectively from the test data. The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results; The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.

Properties and interfacial microstructure of cement-based materials with composite micro-grains

Silica fume, fly ash and nano-fiber mineral materials (NR powder) are employed to incorporate into cement-based materials. According to the grain grading mathematical model of cement-based materials, two packing systems, namely, spherical grading system and nano-fiber reinforced system were designed. Properties and interfacial microstructure of the two systems were studied according to secondary interface theory. It was shown that nano-fiber mineral materials can improve the grain grading of the admixture, increase the density of the system, improve the microstructure of the interface and the hardened paste, and enhance the uniformity of cement-based materials mixed with composite micro-grains and greatly increase their wearable rigidity and flexure strength. In this paper, two kinds of interface models, including spherical grain model and nano-fiber reinforced interface model of the cement-based materials mixed with composite micro-grains, were brought forward.

Smart Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composite

The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.

Role of Composite Phase Change Material on the Thermal Performance of a Latent Heat Storage System: Experimental Investigation

Paraffin wax is a perfect phase change material(PCM)that can be used in latent heat storage units(LHSUs).The utilization of such LHSU is restricted by the poor conductivity of PCM.In the present work,a metal foam made of aluminium with PCM was used to produce a composite PCM as a thermal conductivity technique in PCM⁃LHSU and water was used as heat transfer fluid(HTF).An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of LHSU using pure PCM and composite PCM.The study included time⁃dependent visualization of the PCM during the melting and solidification processes.Besides,a thermocouple network was placed inside the heat storage to record the temperature profile during each process.Results showed that better performance could be obtained using composite PCM⁃LHSU for both melting and solidification processes.The melting time of composite PCM⁃LHSU was about 83%faster than that of a simple PCM⁃LHSU,and the percentage decreasing in the solidification time was about 85%due to the provision of metal foam.

Piezoresistivity of Carbon Fiber Graphite Cement-based Composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites（CFGCC） with carbon fiber content（1% by the weight of cement）,graphite powder contents （0%-50% by the weight of cement） and CCCW（cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement） were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percolation threshold was about 20%.A clear piezoresistive effect was observed in CFGCC with 1wt% of carbon fibers,20wt% or 30wt% of graphite powders under uniaxial compressive tests,indicating that this type of smart composites was a promising candidate for strain sensing.The measured gage factor （defined as the fractional change in resistance per unit strain） of CFGCC with graphite content of 20wt% and 30wt% were 37 and 22,respectively.With the addition of CCCW,the mechanical properties of CFGCC were improved,which benefited CFGCC piezoresistivity of stability.

Thermal Analysis of Metal Foam Matrix Composite Phase Change Material

In this paper,CPCM(Composite Phase Change Material)was manufactured with metal foam matrix used as filling material.The temperature curves were obtained by experiment.The performance of heat transfer was analyzed.The experimental results show that metal foam matrix can improve temperature uniformity in phase change thermal storage material and enhance heat conduction ability.The thermal performance of CPCM is significantly improved.The efficiency of temperature control can be obviously improved by adding metal foam in phase change material.CPCM is in solid-liquid two-phase region when temperature is close to phase change point of paraffin.An approximate plateau appears.The plateau can be considered as the temperature control zone of CPCM.Heat can be transferred fiom hot source and be uniformly spread in thermal storage material by using metal foam matrix since thermal storage material has the advantage of strong heat storage capacity and disadvantage of poor heat conduction ability.Natural convection promotes the melting of solid-liquid phase change material.Good thermal conductivity of foam metal accelerates heat conduction of solid-liquid phase change material.The interior temperature difference decreases and the whole temperature becomes more uniform.For the same porosity with a metal foam,melting time of solid-liquid phase change material decreases.Heat conduction is enhanced and natural convection is suppressed when pore size of metal foam is smaller.The thermal storage time decreases and heat absorption rate increases when the pore size of metal foam reduces.The research results can be used to guide fabricating the CPCM.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-CaCO_3/Polypropylene Foam Sheets

By applying the reinforcing and toughening effect of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） nanoparticles on polypropylene, foam sheets of good performance were successfully fabricated by extrusion. The equipment and conditions of the extrusion were explored. The mechanical properties of the produced foam sheets were tested. The effect of CaCO3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties and the cellular structure of the sheets was comprehensively studied. The experimental results show that the optimum content of CaCO3 nano-particles in the composite material was -4wt%. At this content, the nano-particles were well dispersed in the substrate, and the composite material had maximum tensile strength and impact strength. Surface treatment of the nano-particles only affected the impact strength of the composite material. CaCO3 micro-particles, on the other hand, showed little effect on the properties of the composite material when the micro-particles content was less than 5 wt%. At a content higher than 5wt%, the properties of the composite material significantly worsened.

聚苯乙烯颗粒泡沫混凝土保温复合材料

本文针对传统建筑保温材料高能耗等缺点,从建筑节能思想出发,以导热系数和抗压强度作为主要技术指标,综述了聚苯乙烯颗粒泡沫混凝土保温复合材料的相关研究,希望为建筑的节能设计提供一些帮助。

孔柱锥度对纤维柱增强夹芯结构压缩性能的影响

纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯材料孔柱在加工过程中会产生一定的锥度,为研究孔柱锥度对夹芯结构压缩性能的影响,设计并制备了15组不同锥度孔柱的纤维柱增强复合材料。对制备的夹芯结构进行准静态压缩试验并结合数值模拟,研究了孔柱锥度与芯材厚度对夹芯结构压缩强度、模量、比强度以及失效形式的影响。结果表明:芯材厚度为25 mm、30 mm、35 mm的夹芯结构,孔柱锥度由0°提升至16°后,压缩强度分别提升了14.7%、22%、24.8%,压缩模量分别提升了25.9%、31.6%、37.7%,比强度分别提升了4%、9.95%、10.24%;孔柱锥度较小和无锥度孔柱的夹芯结构失效形式为纤维柱的屈曲、断裂,且屈曲、断裂位置随着孔柱锥度的增大逐渐向孔径较小的一端偏移;当孔柱锥度提升至16°时,夹芯结构中部分纤维柱孔径较小的一端与面板发生脱黏,导致纤维柱未能起到良好的支撑效果,影响材料的力学性能。

泡沫填充碳纤维增强复合材料方形蜂窝夹芯准静态压缩特性

提出了一种碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)方形蜂窝中内嵌聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫材料的新型轻质夹芯结构并实现了夹芯结构的制备。通过准静态压缩试验和数值模拟研究了不同几何参数夹芯的准静态压缩性能,结果表明:当夹芯栅格间距较小时,夹芯中方形蜂窝的破坏模式主要为脆性断裂破坏,随着栅格间距的不断增大,夹芯结构稳定性逐渐降低,因此夹芯失效模式转变为屈曲失稳。内嵌PMI泡沫后,方形蜂窝夹芯的压缩特性得到了显著改善,其压缩强度增大,能量吸收效率提高;随着内嵌泡沫密度的增大,夹芯的压缩强度和比能量吸收量均呈现出增大的趋势。研究结果可以为抗冲击类夹层结构夹芯的创新性设计提供思路和参考。

Experimental study of partially-cured Z-pins reinforced foam core composites:K-Cor sandwich structures

This paper presents an experimental study of a novel K-Cor sandwich structure rein- forced with partially-cured Z-pins. The influence of pultrusion processing parameters on Z-pins characteristics was studied and the effect of Z-pins on mechanical properties was disclosed. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and optical microscopy （OM） methods were employed to determine the curing degree of as-prepared Z-pins and observe the implanted Z-pins in the K-Cor structure. These partially-cured Z-pins were treated with a stronger bonding link between face sheets and the foam core by means of a hot-press process, thereby decreasing burrs and cracking defects when the Z-pins were implanted into the Rohacell foam core. The results of the out-of-plane tensile tests and the climbing drum peel （CDP） tests showed that K-Cor structures exhibited superior mechanical performance as compared to X-Cor and blank foam core. The observed results of failure modes revealed that an effective bonding link between the foam core and face sheets that was provided from partially-cured Z-pins contributed to the enhanced mechan- ical performances of K-Cor sandwich structures.

水性脱模剂研究进展

近年来随着环保要求的提高,水性脱模剂逐渐成为现代工业生产的优选产品。对水性脱模剂的脱模机理、应用领域、制备方法及发展趋势进行了系统综述,重点阐述以树脂基复合材料型、水性混凝土型和聚氨酯发泡型为代表的水性脱模剂的制备和应用,并基于市场需求指出水性脱模剂的发展方向,以期为推动水性脱模剂的后期研发提供参考。

轻量化海洋浮力材料的研究进展

“建设海洋强国”是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重大战略任务。浮力材料作为海洋资源开发的关键材料之一,具备低密度、高强度、低吸水率和耐静水外压等特性,但是不同海洋深度用浮力材料的要求略有不同。因此本文简要介绍了天然浮力材料、化学复合浮力材料、中空玻璃微珠复合浮力材料、陶瓷微珠复合浮力材料、金属复合浮力材料等材料优缺点、适用性及其国内外发展状况;阐明了多功能复合化是浮力材料的一大发展方向,如缓冲减震、耐高低温、屏蔽吸波、高阻燃性能、低介电常数等功能化浮力材料;重点介绍了浮力材料的轻量化、吸水率、力学和耐温等性能的研究进展及其应用范围,如不同密度浮力材料在万米级“奋斗者”号载人潜水器、千米级的智能深水钻井平台“深蓝探索”、百米级深远浮式风电平台“海油观澜号”、导航卫星系统海洋表层浮标等海域的应用。

碳点/聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备及性能研究

以碳点(CDs)水热合成产物为发泡剂,经原位发泡制备碳点/聚氨酯泡沫(CDs/PUF)复合材料。通过对泡沫微观结构表征及宏观性能的测试分析,研究不同含量CDs溶液对发泡过程、泡沫结构及性能的影响。结果表明:CDs与聚氨酯泡沫基体通过化学键结合,扰乱了大分子链的有序排列,加速了发泡过程中的凝胶反应,同时CDs作为异相成核剂,增加了单位体积内的泡孔数量,孔径分布均匀,泡孔结构完整性增强,孔壁厚度增加,开孔率降低;复合材料压缩强度最大提高113%,耐热性能得到改善。CDs在复合材料中分散良好,荧光特性得以很好地保留,随着CDs含量增加,复合材料荧光强度增强,绝对荧光量子产率最高达19.92%。

一种轻质隔热碳基复合材料的制备

高马赫数飞行器的迅猛发展对热防护系统提出了严苛挑战,对隔热材料的耐高温、抗冲击、轻质化及稳定性等要求愈发严格。以甲醛、间苯二酚为主要原料,煤基碳泡沫为增强体,结合溶胶、凝胶原位生长、超临界二氧化碳干燥技术和高温热处理工艺,制得具备优异隔热性能的煤基碳泡沫复合炭气凝胶材料,系统研究了4型碳气凝胶对复合材料热学性能的影响,探讨了隔热机制。结果表明:碳气凝胶填充了煤基碳泡沫的孔结构,使复合材料在保持低密度(0.38 g/cm^(3))的同时,展现出了显著的低热导率特性(0.0778 W/(m·K)),隔热性能较碳泡沫增强体材料提升50%,可作为一种良好的隔热材料。

主体结构荷载可控的新型组合式防护结构(Ⅰ):抗爆机制

针对以中粗砂为分配层的传统成层式结构难以可靠控制作用于主体结构上荷载的缺陷,以及以泡沫混凝土为夹层的组合式防护结构抗爆机制不明等问题,开展组合式防护结构预制孔装药爆炸试验,测得特定位置处的爆炸波时程曲线和结构损伤破坏情况。并基于Kong-Fang混凝土材料模型和LS-DYNA中的光滑粒子伽辽金(smoothed particle Galerkin,SPG)算法,开展了爆炸波在组合式防护结构中传播衰减规律和损伤破坏的数值模拟研究。试验和数值模拟结果表明:组合式防护结构的抗爆机制在于遮弹层和泡沫混凝土层之间的强波阻抗失配关系,通过调控爆炸能量的分配,使得爆炸能量大部分耗散在遮弹层中,大幅减少了经泡沫混凝土层到达主体结构上的荷载和能量。

基于改性竹粉/TPU复合发泡材料的制备及其发泡行为研究

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为主基体,改性竹粉为填料,采用超临界发泡技术制备了鞋用TPU复合发泡材料。研究了不同改性竹粉含量对复合发泡材料形貌结构、热稳定性、熔体流动性、密度、发泡倍率的影响。结果表明,当添加改性竹粉后,复合发泡材料的微观泡孔形貌特征为闭孔结构;随着竹粉添加量的增加,并泡情况减少,孔径逐渐减小并逐渐趋于均一;在一定范围内,随着改性竹粉添加量的增加,复合材料的起始分解温度不变,熔点降低,熔融指数呈现上升趋势;当改性竹粉的添加量为5 phr时,复合发泡材料的密度最轻且达到0151 g/cm3,发泡倍率最大且达到855。

泡沫夹芯型吸波隐身结构复合材料的发展趋势

介绍了吸波隐身材料的发展趋势、泡沫型吸波材料的优势及新型聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫的优异性能,展望了以PMI泡沫为芯材制备泡沫隐身复合材料的应用前景。

Hopkinson压杆技术在中国的发展回顾

简要回顾了Hopkinson压杆实验技术在中国的发展历程及推广应用。系统介绍了关于金属、高聚物、复合材料、脆性材料、混凝土及软材料、泡沫材料等材料的SHPB实验技术研究,并对相关材料的实验结果进行简要讨论。

碳化钛的合成及其应用研究进展

本文综述了碳化钛粉体的合成方法 ,分析了合成方法各自的特点 。