RMB Exchange Rate,Overseas Education,and High-Quality Economic Growth

China is transitioning its industrial structure from labor-and resource-intensive industries that previously contributed significantly to the country’s GDP growth to technology-intensive industries emphasizing a highly-skilled workforce and sustainability to achieve high-quality economic growth.This paper examines the impact of the RMB exchange rate on high-quality economic growth through theoretical modeling and empirical analysis and discusses the variable of overseas education to explore the mechanism of how the RMB exchange rate and overseas education jointly impact high-quality economic growth.The research sample includes the National Bureau of Statistics data on education from 1995 to 2015,the Bank for International Settlements(BIS)data on the RMB exchange rate,and the added value of China’s high-quality economic growth estimated based on the national economy data.An empirical analysis of theoretical expectations was conducted,finding that RMB appreciation could make a positive contribution to China’s high-quality economic growth;RMB exchange rate fluctuations would impact the relative cost of overseas education and overseas returnees could have a positive impact on domestic resource utilization efficiency and domestic capacity to make sci-tech innovations,thereby injecting vitality to high-quality economic growth.This study focuses on both the RMB exchange rate and the population studying abroad,providing additional observation dimensions to existing research.

High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar

The stability of cemented paste backfill(CPB)is threatened by dynamic disturbance,but the conventional low strain rate laboratory pressure test has difficulty achieving this research purpose.Therefore,a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)was utilized to investigate the high strain rate compressive behavior of CPB with dynamic loads of 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 MPa.And the failure modes were determined by macro and micro analysis.CPB with different cement-to-tailings ratios,solid mass concentrations,and curing ages was prepared to conduct the SHPB test.The results showed that increasing the cement content,tailings content,and curing age can improve the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus.Under an impact load,a higher strain rate can lead to larger increasing times of the dynamic compressive strength when compared with static loading.And the dynamic compressive strength of CPB has an exponential correlation with the strain rate.The macroscopic failure modes indicated that CPB is more seriously damaged under dynamic loading.The local damage was enhanced,and fine cracks were formed in the interior of the CPB.This is because the CPB cannot dissipate the energy of the high strain rate stress wave in a short loading period.

Effect of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar

Effects of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on the dynamic compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar are investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) tests. 124 specimens are subjected to dynamic uniaxial compressive loadings.Strain rate sensitivity of the materials is measured in terms of failure modes, stress-strain curves, compressive strength, dynamic increase factor(DIF) and critical strain at peak stress. A significant change in the stress-strain response of the materials with each order of magnitude increase in strain rate is clearly seen from test results. The slope of the stress-strain curve after peak value for low water-to-cement ratio is steeper than that of high water-to-cement ratio mortar. The compressive strength increases with increasing strain rate. With increase in strain rate, the dynamic increase factor(DIF) increases. However, this increase in DIF with increase in strain rate does not appear to be a function of the water-to-cement ratio. The critical compressive strain increases with the strain rate.

RESEARCH ON RELATION BETWEEN MELTING POINT OF CEMENT CLINKER AND HEATING RATE

The relation between the melting point of Portland cement raw meal and its heating rate have been studied. The raw meal was burnt at different heating rate ranging from 10 similar to 900 degrees C/min Dy the following methods: (A) in electric resistance furnace; (B) in DTA-TG analyzer with infrared ray focused heating; (C) in high temperature microscope with electron stream heating. Based on thermal analysis theory and melt theory and the tests above, it is found that melting point T-m of cement raw meal decreases with the increased heating rate Phi during burning in the following relation: T-m=1280-0.107 empty set.

Preparation of High-Quality Poly-Si Films by a Solid Phase Crystallizing Method

A solid phase crystallizing method has been developed to grow a Si crystal at tem-peratures as low as 550 ℃. Using this method, a high-quality thin-film polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) was obtained. The largest grain size, examined with X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of recrystallized samples, is approximately 1 /μm for substrate temperature at 300 ℃ and annealed at 550℃ for 3 hours.

Effect of stress ratio on fatigue lifetime and crack growth behavior of WC-Co cemented carbide

Two types of fatigue tests, a rotating bending fatigue test and a three- or four-point bending fatigue test, were carried out on a fine grained WC-Co cemented carbide to evaluate its fatigue crack growth behavior and fatigue lifetime. From successive observations of the specimen surface during the fatigue process, it was revealed that most of the fatigue lifetime of the tested WC-Co cemented carbide was occupied with crack growth cycles. Using the basic equation of fracture mechanics, the relationship between the fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN) and the maximum stress intensity factor(Kmax) was derived. From this relation, both the values of the threshold intensity factor(Kth) and the fatigue fracture toughness(Kfc) of the material were determined. The fatigue lifetime of the WC-Co cemented carbide was estimated by analysis based on the modified linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. Good agreement between the estimated and experimental fatigue lifetimes was confirmed.

Microscopic Pore and Filling Performance of Coal Gangue Cementitious Paste

To obtain the influence laws of the fine gangue rate on the properties of coal gangue cementitious paste, the slump, divergence, stratification, bleeding, setting time and mechanical strength with the change of fine gangue rate were studied on the basis of keeping the amount of cementing material and slurry concentration unchanged. The porosity and the distribution of pore diameter of the filling specimen for curing 28 d were tested by a mercury injection instrument under different fine gangue rate conditions. It was shown that the slump, divergence, setting time and compressive strength of the paste firstly increased and then decreased with increasing fine gangue rate. The stratification and bleeding rate decreased with increasing fine gangue rate. The smaller the critical pore size of the paste was, the smaller the porosity was, the smaller the average pore size was. When the fine gangue rate was 40%, the maximum critical pore diameter of the paste was 55.79 μm, and the corresponding porosity was 17.54%, and the properties of filling paste were the best. When the fine gangue rate further increased, the aggregate surface area increased, and the reaction product of cementitious materials could not effectively fill the pores. It weakened the agglomeration effect. The particles surface of coal gangue was fragmental and flake deposit with irregular shape and uneven fold morphology. It was easy to be bonded with the surface of other filling material. The hydration products of coal gangue cementitious material were a large number of C-S-H gel with fibrous shape and ettringite（AFt） with compact block structure. The theoretical reference was provided for the preparation of low cost gangue cemented filling materials in coal mines.

Study on moisture performance of cement stabilized gravel under hydrodynamic pressure

The start point in this paper is dynamic load damage caused by hydrodynamic pressure to the inside void of cement stabilized macadam base considering the affect of gradation type,testing time and cracking simulation.Then the moisture damage rule of cement stabilized macadam was investigated in the lab by using the hydrodynamic pressure simulation device and testing system.Test results shows that the cement stabilized macadam with dense framework structure has better moisture-resistant performance than mixtures with suspend-dense structure.And the strength deterioration is just one-third of origin one when crack in base is loaded by hydrodynamic pressure.

Review of Proposed Stress-dilatancy Relationships and Plastic Potential Functions for Uncemented and Cemented Sands

Stress-dilatancy relationship or plastic potential function are crucial components of every elastoplastic constitutive model developed for sand or cemented sand.This is because the associated flow rule usually does not produce acceptable outcomes for sand or cemented sand.Many formulas have been introduced based on the experimental observations in conventional and advanced plasticity models in order to capture ratio of plastic volumetric strain increment to plastic deviatoric strain increment(i.e.dilatancy rate).Lack of an article that gathers these formulas is clear in the literature.Thus,this paper is an attempt to summarize plastic potentials and specially stress-dilatancy relations so far proposed for constitutive modelling of cohesionless and cemented sands.Stress-dilatancy relation is usually not the same under compression and extension conditions.Furthermore,it may also be different under loading and unloading conditions.Therefore,the focus in this paper mainly places on the proposed stress-dilatancy relations for compressive monotonic loading.Moreover because plastic potential function can be calculated by integration of stress-dilatancy relationship,more weight is allocated to stress-dilatancy relationship in this research.

水泥稳定碎石基层取芯芯样分类与整体性评价技术标准

为了实现水泥稳碎石基层整体性质量客观和公正的评价,消除7 d取芯芯样质量评判的随意性、弥补因不考虑气候条件和公路等级等因素对施工质量评价的局限性,选择高速、一级、二级和三级共5条公路,对7 d龄期的水泥稳定粒料类基层进行了大量的取芯试验,系统地对取芯芯样的形态进行了调研、统计和分析,根据芯样的完整程度,将其分为完整类、残缺类和松散类3类,芯样完整性的差异代表其扩散荷载应力能力的不同,根据芯样的致密程度,将芯样进一步分成8级,芯样致密性的不同体现服役功能性差别,提出了评价路段芯样完整率的计算方法,确定了芯样完整率技术标准的确定原则,对于季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)作为评价指标,对于非季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ)作为评价指标,并根据回归曲线,提出了不同区域不同等级道路7 d龄期内的芯样完整率技术标准。结果表明:芯样完整率与道路等级呈线性关系,道路等级对其影响幅度为2%~9%,养生模式的影响幅度为10%左右,气候因素的影响幅度为5%左右。研究成果实现了对半刚性基层取芯芯样质量和整体性质量的定量化评价。

透水混凝土力学性能影响因素的研究进展与分析

为保证工程建设的安全性和有效性,充分了解不同因素对透水混凝土力学性能的影响机理,总结了近年来国内外关于水灰比、砂率、掺合料种类及掺量、骨料粒径等因素对透水混凝土力学性能影响的研究成果,分析了现有研究中存在的不足和尚未解决的问题,并基于透水混凝土细观损伤机理和力学行为,指出了未来进一步研究方向。

水灰比、砂率及纳米碳纤维对混凝土微波加热性能的影响

通过调整水灰比和砂率,研究了混凝土基本参数对其微波加热性能的影响,并对比分析了水灰比和砂率对混凝土力学性能及微波加热性能的影响程度。为提高混凝土的微波加热性能,以纳米碳纤维为吸波剂,研究了其对混凝土升温速率、温度分布、除冰效率等的影响。并通过介电常数试验和电阻率试验,分析了纳米碳纤维的影响机理。结果表明:随着水灰比和砂率的增大,混凝土的微波加热性能不断增强。与水灰比相比,砂率的改变对混凝土微波加热性能的影响程度更大。改变砂率对于混凝土微波加热性能的影响比对力学性能的影响更为显著。纳米碳纤维通过增大混凝土的介电常数、降低混凝土的电阻率,从而增强混凝土的介电损耗能力和电阻损耗能力,进而提高混凝土的微波加热性能。纳米碳纤掺量越大,混凝土的微波加热性能越佳。

水泥-石灰和水泥-稻壳灰稳定土的力学性能和冻融耐久性研究

为研究水泥-石灰和水泥-稻壳灰对土体进行加固良的效果及掺量,利用水泥、石灰和稻壳灰分别以水泥∶石灰=1∶1和水泥∶稻壳灰=1∶1制备两种稳定掺料。按照掺入比分别0%、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%制备稳定土试样,并通过力学试验以及冻融试验对两种稳定土的三轴力学特性以及抗冻融循环的性能进行研究。结果表明:随着围压、稳定掺料和龄期的增加,稳定土的强度逐渐增加;脆性也明显增强;稳定土在3~7 d的强度增长率明显大于7~28 d的强度增长率,且在相同条件下,水泥-石灰稳定土的强度大于水泥-稻壳灰稳定土的强度。冻融循环后质量损失率和超声波变化规律表明土样的冻融耐久性顺序为:水泥-稻壳灰稳定土>水泥-石灰稳定土>纯土。

高贝利特铁铝酸盐水泥的制备工艺探究

本研究旨在分析高贝利特铁铝酸盐水泥制备工艺,提升水泥性能。研究人员着重考察了天然石膏掺量,对铁铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间、水化放热、抗压强度以及膨胀率的影响。研究结果表明,熟料煅烧条件的优化对水泥质量具有直接影响。本研究不仅深化了对高贝利特铁铝酸盐水泥水化过程的理解,也为优化其制备工艺提供了实验基础,对于提高水泥的性能,拓展其应用领域具有积极作用。

钢筋与铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土的粘结性能研究

铁铝酸盐水泥作为一种新型低碳水泥,其与钢筋的粘结性能尚缺乏系统研究。通过中心拉拔试验,研究了混凝土类型、水胶比和钢筋锈蚀率对粘结性能的影响。结果表明:当水胶比为0.56时,锈蚀钢筋与铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土的极限粘结强度比普通混凝土提高了2.3%。降低水胶比可提高混凝土粘结强度,且未锈蚀钢筋的粘结强度随水胶比减小而明显提高,滑移阶段曲线斜率增大。锈蚀率的增大导致粘结强度先提高后降低,但下降速率低于普通混凝土。当锈蚀率低于0.78%时,锈蚀对粘结强度有正面影响。基于现有粘结强度计算公式,建立了适用于锈蚀钢筋与铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土的粘结强度计算模型。

转体PC斜拉桥混凝土构件的力学性能研究

为了提高PC斜拉桥混凝土构件的力学性能,共设计了18组替代率及水灰比不尽相同再生砖粉浆体的混凝土试件,研究了水灰比和再生砖粉浆体替代率对混凝土试件破坏特征、应力-应变曲线和单轴抗压强度的影响。结果表明,再生砖粉主要由SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2)O_(3)和CaO组成,经过过筛后呈不规则形状。低水灰比条件下,再生砖粉混凝土试件呈现脆性破坏特征,在较高的水灰比条件下,再生砖粉混凝土试件呈韧性断裂特征。在相同水灰比条件下,再生砖粉浆体替代率的升高会增加28 d单轴抗压强度。再生砖粉浆体的添加,可以在混凝土制备过程中与水泥等发生水化反应而形成C-S-H等用于填充混凝土的间隙,且再生砖粉浆体替代率的增加,密实度提高的同时可以抵抗更大的外加应力。

泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的制备和性能

碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土是新开发出来不久的混凝土材料,具有高抗拉强度、抗冲击和耐腐蚀等优点,但由于其较小的塌落度,限制了其工程应用。本文试验研究了不同掺量萘系减水剂对泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土塌落度和强度的影响,确定强度等级C30、C40、C50和C60的萘系高效减水剂适宜掺量分别为2.0%、1.2%、1.5%和1.8%。分别研究了掺粉煤灰型和矿渣型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土基本力学性能及在海水浸泡、淡水浸泡1280 d后的强度保留率并进行机理分析,发现粉煤灰型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土抗海水腐蚀性较好,适合东部沿海地区应用;随着海水暴露时间的延长,泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的Df值呈现幂函数的降低关系。本文还对大气中暴露2400 d的钢筋泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土小梁进行观测,未有锈涨现象。本文为碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土在工程领域的应用具有重大意义。

吸波涂层对混凝土微波除冰性能的影响

微波除冰技术作为一种新型除冰方式,具有除冰率高、绿色无污染等优点,然而微波除冰的效率问题成为了制约该技术应用的关键。为提高混凝土微波除冰效率,将一定掺量(0,3%,6%,9%,12%,15%)的3种吸波掺料(Fe_(3)O_(4),SiC,石墨)掺入涂层黏结溶剂,制备混凝土吸波涂层。利用开放式微波发射系统,对表面涂刷吸波涂层的混凝土进行无冰升温试验和微波除冰试验,针对吸波涂层对混凝土微波加热效率、微波除冰性能的影响进行研究,并对比分析了不同吸波涂层对混凝土微波除冰性能的影响。结果表明:Fe_(3)O_(4)吸波涂层、SiC吸波涂层、石墨吸波涂层均能提高混凝土表面的升温速率,增强混凝土的微波加热效率和微波除冰性能;随着吸波涂层中吸波掺料掺量的增加,混凝土试件表面的升温速率先增大后减小,Fe_(3)O_(4),SiC,石墨的最佳掺量分别为9%,9%,12%;石墨吸波涂层对混凝土微波加热效率和微波除冰性能的改善效果最佳,其次为Fe_(3)O_(4)吸波涂层,最后为石墨吸波涂层;在最佳掺量下,Fe_(3)O_(4)吸波涂层、SiC吸波涂层、石墨吸波涂层使混凝土微波加热效率分别提高了148.73%,81.8%,156.95%,使混凝土微波除冰性能提高了129.62%,67.12%,245.11%。

粉煤灰对铁铝酸盐水泥水化过程的影响

通过测试流动度、凝结时间、水化热、电阻率、抗压强度、pH值以及水化产物等研究了不同掺量粉煤灰对铁铝酸盐水泥水化过程的影响。结果表明,掺入粉煤灰提高了水泥浆体的流动度,并缩短了凝结时间。铁铝酸盐水泥的早期水化速率较快,表现为早期水化放热较快,电阻率快速增长。掺入粉煤灰使得试件抗压强度降低,掺入30%粉煤灰的试件在3、28 d时的抗压强度较空白组相应值分别下降了40.4%、50.7%。在90 d龄期内,孔溶液的pH值呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,空白组试件的pH值在水化3 h时为11.09,在水化48 h时升至11.59,而后逐渐降低,在水化90 d时降至10.87。掺入粉煤灰可提高孔溶液的pH值。铁铝酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为钙矾石,而粉煤灰由于水化环境碱度不足未能发挥火山灰效应。

冻融循环作用下不同路基材料力学特性对比研究

为探究寒区路基新型材料泡沫轻质土强度特性,完成了不同湿密度下的泡沫轻质土路基的冻融强度损伤试验。并将新型路基材料泡沫轻质土和传统路基材料水泥改良土进行对比发现:水泥改良土在冻融前期强度会大幅下降,但是在冻融循环5次左右,抗压强度会有回升趋势;而泡沫土从冻融开始到结束始终随冻融循环次数增加抗压强度缓慢下降。强度损失方面,2种路基材料的强度损失速率不同,水泥改良土抗压强度下降速率比泡沫轻质土更快。泡沫轻质土损失率随循环次数变化波动较小,相较为稳定。冻融循环对水泥改良土损失率影响离散型较大。