Petroleum geology of marl in Triassic Leikoupo Formation and discovery significance of Well Chongtan1 in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

In 2022,the risk exploration well Chongtan1(CT1)in the Sichuan Basin revealed commercial oil and gas flow during test in a new zone–the marl of the second submember of the third member of Leikoupo Formation(Lei-32)of Middle Triassic,recording a significant discovery.However,the hydrocarbon accumulation in marl remains unclear,which restricts the selection and deployment of exploration area.Focusing on Well CT1,the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of Lei-32 marl are analyzed to clarify the potential zones for exploration.The following findings are obtained.First,according to the geochemical analysis of petroleum and source rocks,oil and gas in the Lei-32 marl of Well CT1 are originated from the same marl.The marl acts as both source rock and reservoir rock.Second,the Lei-32 marl in central Sichuan Basin is of lagoonal facies,with a thickness of 40–130 m,an area of about 40000 km^(2),a hydrocarbon generation intensity of(4–12)×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),and an estimated quantity of generated hydrocarbons of 25×10^(12) m^(3).Third,the lagoonal marl reservoirs are widely distributed in central Sichuan Basin.Typically,in Xichong–Yilong,Ziyang–Jianyang and Moxi South,the reservoirs are 20–60 m thick and cover an area of 7500 km^(2).Fourth,hydrocarbons in the lagoonal marl are generated and stored in the Lei-32 marl,which means that marl serves as both source rock and reservoir rock.They represent a new type of unconventional resource,which is worthy of exploring.Fifth,based on the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data from central Sichuan Basin,Xichong and Suining are defined as favorable prospects with estimated resources of(2000–3000)×10^(8) m^(3).

Characteristics and development model of karst reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The reservoir space,types and distribution characteristics of karst carbonate gas reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 4 Member)in central Sichuan Basin are analyzed based on the drilling,logging and seismic data.A development model of karst reservoirs is constructed to support the high-efficiency development of gas pools.The research shows that the reservoirs in Deng 4 Member have mainly small-scale karst vugs and fractures as storage space,and can be divided into three types,fracture-vug,pore-vug and pore types.The development patterns of the karst reservoirs are determined.On the plane,the karst layers increase from 65 m to 170 m in thickness from the karst platform to the karst slope,and the high-quality reservoirs increase from 25.0 m to 42.2 m in thickness;vertically,the reservoirs at the top of Deng 4 Member appear in multiple layers,and show along-bedding and along fracture dissolution characteristics.The reservoirs at the bottom are characterized by the dissolution parallel to the water level during the karstification period,and have 3-5 large-scale fracture-cave systems.Based on the reservoir development characteristics and the genetic mechanism,three types of reservoir development models of karst reservoir are established,i.e.,bed-dissolved body,fracture-dissolved body and paleohorizon-dissolved body.The construction of karst reservoir development models and seismic response characteristics of the three types of reservoirs can provide parameter for well placement and trajectory design,and substantially improve productivity and development indices of individual wells and gas reservoirs.The designed production capacity of the gas reservoir has enhanced from the initial 3.6 billion to 6 billion cubic meters,making the profit of the reservoir development increase noticeably.

The dating and temperature measurement technologies for carbonate minerals and their application in hydrocarbon accumulation research in the paleouplift in central Sichuan Basin, SW China

A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.

Reservoir micro structure of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic and its petroleum significance in Central Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the qualitative study of microscopic reservoir features using core analysis,cast and fluorescence thin sections inspection,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and quantitative examination of pore size and geometry using mercury injection,nano-CT and nitrogen adsorption,reservoir rock of Da’anzhai Member were divided into 9 types,while storage spaces were divided into 4 types and 14 sub-types.The study shows that sparry coquina is the most promising reservoir type.Pores that smaller than 1μm in diameter contribute 91.27%of storage space volume.Most of them exhibit slot-like geometry with good connectivity.By building up storage space models,it was revealed that micron scale storage spaces mainly composed of fractures and nanometer scale pores and fractures form multi-scale dual porosity system.Low resource abundance,small single well controlled reserve,and low production are related to the nano-scale pore space in Da’anzhai Memer,whereas the dual-porosity system composed of pores and fractures makes for long-term oil yield.Due to the existence of abundant slot-like pore space and fractures,economic tight oil production was achieved without stimulations.

Enrichment factors and sweep spot evaluation of Jurassic tight oil in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The secondary migration mechanism,enrichment factors of Jurassic tight oil in central Sichuan Basin were well investigated through physical simulation experiment of reservoir formation,casting and fluorescent thin sections,field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and environment scanning electron microscope(ESEM).The results show that migration of Jurassic tight oil in central Sichuan Basin is a low-velocity non-Darcy flow through low-efficient migration path under the huge migration driving force,and has three migration and seepage stages,i.e.viscous flow stage,nonlinear seepage stage,and quasi-liner seepage stage.Microscopically,the migration pathway of tight oil is the porefracture composite conduction;macroscopically,the migration mode of tight oil is the large-scale shortedistance migration.Distribution of favorable zones of tight oil is controlled by distribution of high-quality source rocks.The hydrocarbon-generation strength of 0.4
106 t/km2 can be as a threshold to determine favorable zone of tight oil in the study area.The reservoirs with high permeability and high porosity can form tight oil sweet spots,and the development degree of fractures is closely related to well with high yield of tight oil well.

Dolomitization by Penesaline Sea Water in Early Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan Basin, China

The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation shoal dolostone reservoir in Sichuan Basin is currently an exploration and research highlight in China. Reservoir rocks mainly consist of crystalline dolomite with residual grain texture, and dolarenite of which the arene is mainly composed of muddy to micritic dolomite with some crystalline grain directionally aligned. The trace element indicates that the dolomites of Longwangmiao Formation may be related to the high salinity of sea water. The oxygen isotope values of crystalline dolomite and dolarenite are both similar to that of the Early Cambrian marine dolomites, and the carbon isotope values of every kind of dolomites are completely overlapped with that of the seawater in Early Cambrian, indicating the dolomitization fluid is originated from the Early Cambrian sea water. The restricted marine biological communities and a small amount of gypsum pseudonodule seen in muddy to micritic dolomite indicate that the sea water in Early Cambrian was restricted and evaporated. However, the general lack of massive evaporite mineral and gypsum karst breccia indicates that the salinity of sea water during dolomitization was lower than the value of gypsum's precipitation. The Longwangmiao Formation consists of several high-frequency sedimentary cycles, indicating frequent sea level changes. This study indicates that massive dolomitization may also occur in underwater palaeohigh in carbonate platform through the reflux of penesaline sea water driven by a combination of high-and low-frequency sea-level changes. This kind of dolomitization can explain the generation of massive dolomites in the absence of evaporite precipitation, and further indicates that replacement dolomites can be produced by sea water with a wide range of salinity(normal, penesaline to hypersaline).

Paleo-temperature Evolution and Water Soluble Gas in Sinian Reservoir, Anpingdian-Gaoshiti Structural Zone, Central Sichuan Basin

The paleo-temperature evolution of Sinian reservoir of Anping (安平) 1 well was rebuilt by taking the method of apatite fission track and Easy%Ro model. The result of apatite fission track determines the accurate burial history and overcomes the flaw that the vitrinite reflectance is taken as paleo-temperature indicator simply. The authors used the laser Raman technique to analyze the meth- ane present in the calcite and quartz fluid inclusions of Sinian reservoir, finding that the methane is water soluble gas. The authors also simulated the paleo-pressure of fluid inclusion by using PVTsim software and finally worked out the methane solubility in water.

四川盆地中部地区中侏罗统物源体系格局及时空演化

四川盆地中部地区(以下简称川中地区)中侏罗统沙溪庙组是我国重要的致密气勘探开发战场,其物源体系来源和母岩性质复杂多变,在一定程度上制约了下一步油气勘探进程。为此,基于川中地区沙溪庙组各亚段碎屑组分、元素地球化学和锆石碎屑成分分析,研究了沙溪庙组碎屑含量、烃源岩性质及构造背景,并探讨了母岩来源和造山带构造作用对物源的控制效应。研究结果表明:(1)川中地区西侧沙溪庙组单晶石英含量差异较大,砂岩成分成熟度平面变化明显;川中地区西北侧位于岛弧、混合造山带、碰撞造山带的综合构造环境,母岩性质及类型以上地壳长英质岩石与中—酸性混合火成岩为主,构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼活动大陆边缘性质,其与川北地区及大巴山前缘沙溪庙组母岩特征耦合度较高;而川中地区西南侧与川西地区及龙门山南段耦合度较高;川中地区东侧沙溪庙组锆石年龄谱与川东地区耦合度良好。(2) J_(2)s^(1)和J_(2)s_(1)^(2)时期川中北部地区受大巴山逆冲推覆影响,形成长轴物源供给格局的雏形,而川中地区西南侧由龙门山南段提供短轴物质输送;J_(2)s_(2)^(2)和J_(2)s_(3)^(2)时期大巴山强推覆作用,使川中地区整体被长轴远源沉积物充填;J_(2)s_(4)^(2)时期受龙门山北段冲断作用影响,为川中地区西北侧提供物质来源,但川中地区主体受控于大巴山物源体系。结论认为,该研究成果为重建四川盆地中侏罗世古地理格局和中侏罗统有利砂体预测提供了理论指导。

川中地区北部下寒武统沧浪铺组一段风暴岩特征及沉积地质意义

川中地区北部下寒武统沧浪铺组风暴岩发育,但对该风暴岩沉积以及该区早寒武世沉积环境、古地理和沉积古地貌的研究较为薄弱。通过详细岩心观察及镜下薄片鉴定,研究了沧浪铺组风暴沉积序列和沉积模式,并揭示其地质意义。研究区沧浪铺组发育砾屑层、粒序段、平行层理和丘状交错层理等风暴沉积构造,可划分出5个风暴沉积序列,即:序列Ⅰ由砾屑段(A)、平行层理段(C)和丘状交错层理段(D)组成,在正常浪基面之上沉积;序列Ⅱ由平行层理段(C)、丘状交错层理段(D)和水平层理泥岩段(E)组成,位于风暴浪基面附近;序列Ⅲ由底冲刷面和砾屑段(A)和粒序段(B)构成,于正常浪基面和风暴浪基面之间;序列Ⅳ由粒序段(B)和平行层理段(C)组成,距离风暴中心远,沉积环境更靠近风暴浪基面附近;序列Ⅴ由底冲刷面和砾屑段(A)构成,位于平均海平面与正常浪基面之间且靠近正常浪基面。川中地区北部风暴岩的发现证实,沧浪铺组一段为陆棚—斜坡—台地边缘沉积,指示上扬子板块在沧浪铺组沉积期处于低纬度地区,这为岩相古地理恢复提供了约束;同时风暴作用形成连片分布的颗粒滩,有效提升储集相带的规模,有助于对颗粒滩相带的分布进行预测。

眼皮-眼球灰岩地球化学特征及其古环境意义——以川中地区茅一段为例

在岩心观察和岩石薄片鉴定基础上,对川中地区茅一段眼皮-眼球灰岩岩心样品进行常量元素、微量元素、碳氧同位素及稀土元素测试分析,探讨了眼皮、眼球灰岩2种岩相地球化学特征及其古环境意义。研究结果表明:1)眼皮灰岩泥质质量分数为10%~45%,而眼球灰岩小于10%。2)眼皮、眼球灰岩δ^(13)CPDB平均值分别为4.38‰,3.84‰,δ^(18)OPDB平均值分别为-5.39‰,-6.00‰,总稀土元素质量分数平均值分别为10.54,3.43μg/g;眼皮、眼球灰岩均呈Ce负异常、Eu正异常特征,且眼球灰岩异常程度更高。3)眼皮、眼球灰岩不同常量氧化物之间的质量分数相关性明显,眼皮灰岩相关系数为0.52~0.95(平均值0.69),而眼球灰岩为0.91~0.99(平均值0.96)。4)眼皮灰岩微量元素、总稀土元素及陆源元素质量分数均显著高于眼球灰岩,反映2种岩相原始沉积物组成存在差异,眼皮灰岩陆源物质输入更高。5)眼皮、眼球灰岩均沉积于干热气候下的高盐度海水缺氧环境,平均古水深相近,平均古水温分别为19.9,22.5℃;眼球灰岩沉积时期气候更炎热,古气候周期性变化是造成原始沉积物组成差异的主要因素。研究成果对深化四川盆地茅一段眼皮-眼球灰岩成因认识具有重要意义。

致密砂岩孔喉结构分析与渗透率预测方法——以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构精细表征和渗透性预测是优质储层评价和开发的关键。以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例,利用高压压汞实验和分形理论,对孔喉结构进行静态表征,探讨孔喉结构、分形维数、储层物性之间的关系,进而分析孔喉结构对渗透率的贡献,建立渗透率预测模型。沙溪庙组样品可分为4种类型:Ⅰ类样品排驱压力低、物性好、孔隙连通性好、平均分形维数为2.11,孔隙以半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔为主,半径大于1μm的孔喉贡献了90%以上的渗透率;Ⅱ类样品排驱压力在0.4~1.0 MPa之间,平均孔渗分别为9.72%、0.375×10^(-3)μm^(2),分形维数为2.20,半径大于0.1μm的中孔含量上升,并贡献了大部分渗透率;Ⅲ、Ⅳ类样品排驱压力与分形维数明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类样品,孔隙度低且缺乏大孔导致渗透率较低。半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔贡献了沙溪庙组98%以上的渗透率。分形维数是指示孔喉结构的良好标志,分形维数与孔喉半径、最大进汞饱和度、渗透率均呈现明显的负相关关系,而与排驱压力、孔喉相对分选系数呈正相关关系。分形维数与孔喉组成有着强相关性,基于分形维数、孔隙度、最大孔喉半径建立了“孔隙型”储层渗透率定量预测模型。

四川盆地中北部DB1井区灯影组四段沉积相及储层特征

四川盆地中北部(川中北部)灯影组四段(灯四段)储层岩性复杂,非均质性较强,限制了灯影组四段气藏的勘探。为了进一步深化川中北部DB1井区的沉积相及储层特征认识,通过钻井岩心及薄片资料的观察,并结合测井、录井、物性测试以及钻探成果等资料的综合分析,对川中北部DB1井区灯四段沉积相及储层特征进行研究。结果表明:研究区灯四段主要发育台地边缘和局限台地2种沉积亚相,进一步可识别出藻丘、颗粒滩和滩间海等沉积微相,其中藻丘微相主要发育藻凝块云岩和藻叠层云岩,颗粒滩微相主要发育砂屑云岩,滩间海微相主要发育泥晶云岩和粉晶云岩;藻丘和颗粒滩沉积主要发育在台缘一侧,向台内藻丘和颗粒滩沉积逐渐减少,以滩间海沉积为主;藻丘发育呈纵向叠置特征,横向延伸较近,且集中发育在灯四段上亚段,单体厚度较大,下亚段发育较少且厚度较薄;储集岩类型主要为藻凝块云岩、藻叠层云岩和砂屑云岩,储集空间主要为藻黏结格架孔、粒间溶孔和晶间溶孔;研究区岩心孔隙度分布在2.02%~6.03%,总体平均孔隙度为3.11%,岩心渗透率分布在0.00704~9.78 mD,总体平均渗透率为0.69264 mD,整体物性具有低孔特低渗透特征,部分样品由于受到裂缝的影响呈现低孔高渗透特征。

川中地区蓬莱气田震旦系灯影组二段储层发育主控因素及分布规律

结合岩心、薄片及分析测试等资料,对川中蓬莱气田震旦系灯影组二段储层的主控因素及分布规律进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:(1)蓬莱气田震旦系灯二段储层主要由凝块石白云岩、泡沫绵层白云岩及砂屑白云岩组成,储集空间包括孔隙、溶洞及裂缝,以残余格架孔和中小型溶洞为主,孔隙多发育于微生物黏结白云岩及颗粒白云岩中。灯二上亚段储层孔隙度为2.0%~11.0%,平均为4.43%,渗透率为0.005~10.000 mD,平均为1.190 m D;灯二下亚段储层孔隙度为2.00%~6.98%,平均为3.64%,渗透率为0.030 9~2.600 0 mD,平均为0.950 0 mD。(2)微生物丘滩体展布及准同生期岩溶作用、表生期岩溶作用共同控制了研究区灯二段储层的分布及品质,优质储层多发育于灯二上亚段中上部和灯二下亚段顶部。(3)研究区灯二下亚段总体属海进半旋回产物,仅上部发育孔洞/缝洞型储层,中部及下部储层欠发育。灯二上亚段多为海退半旋回产物,其1小层为次级海侵背景,丘滩体厚度薄,以孔隙型储层为主;2小层在海退背景下发育连片分布的丘滩体,储层厚,以孔洞型储层为主(多为Ⅱ类储层),为区内主力产气层段;3小层总体为海退晚期浅水台坪沉积,葡萄花边构造发育,岩溶改造作用较明显,储层多为缝洞叠加岩溶型储层(Ⅲ类储层)。

四川盆地川中—川西过渡带中侏罗统沙溪庙组致密砂岩相对优质储层成因机制

川中—川西过渡带沙溪庙组天然气勘探潜力巨大,是四川盆地近几年勘探的热点。目前,制约沙溪庙组致密砂岩天然气勘探开发的问题较多,其中,“相对优质储层”的形成机理和综合预测是亟需解决的关键问题之一。针对这一科学问题,本次研究通过系统的物性分析、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析以及储层地球化学分析等,开展了研究区沙溪庙组相对优质储层成因机制研究。研究结果表明:沙溪庙组致密砂岩以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主。沙二段砂岩石英平均体积分数为35.27%,长石平均体积分数为35.37%,岩屑平均体积分数为29.36%,沙一段砂岩石英平均体积分数为37.79%,长石平均体积分数为24.01%,岩屑平均体积分数为38.20%,沙一段长石体积分数较高,沙二段岩屑体积分数较高。沙二段以变质岩岩屑为主(占岩屑体积分数的55%),沙一段则以岩浆岩岩屑为主(占岩屑体积分数的43%)。储层孔隙类型以原生孔为主,长石溶蚀孔为辅,沙一段具有相对更高比例的原生孔和裂隙孔。沙二段砂岩中38.00%的样品孔隙度大于12%,25.25%的样品渗透率大于1×10^(-3)μm^(2),沙一段砂岩仅3.09%的样品孔隙度大于12%,但41.22%的样品渗透率大于1×10^(-3)μm^(2)。总体表现为致密背景下发育一定的相对优质储层。其中沙二段储层孔隙度发育较好,而沙一段储层渗透性更佳,说明沙一段储层孔隙结构相对较好。沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层发育受控于岩矿组合-烃源体系-成岩系统。岩矿组合为成岩作用的演化提供物质基础,烃源体系决定溶蚀作用发育的强度,并为砂岩中主要自生矿物的沉淀提供必要的离子来源;成岩系统的开放程度则决定了体系内外离子的带进带出,进而影响了溶蚀作用和相应成岩产物的沉淀。沙二和沙一段砂岩岩矿组合的差异、沉积环境的不同、烃源体系以及成岩系统的开放程度是导致其成岩作用差异的主要原因。综上认为,高能沉积环境、早期保持性成岩作用(孔隙衬垫绿泥石)、多期次和多种类型的溶蚀作用以及局部微裂缝的发育改造,是研究区沙溪庙组相对优质储层发育的主要机制。

四川盆地中部中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期古环境与古气候演化——以永浅1井为例

四川盆地中部中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期古环境与古气候研究对揭示该时期盆内的沉积格局、重建古地理及油气形成与演化具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以四川盆地中部永浅1井的47件泥岩样品为研究对象,通过主微量元素的变化特征恢复研究区沙溪庙组沉积期的古环境与古气候演化过程。研究结果表明,Sr/Ba比值、Rb/K_(2)O比值、Ca/Mg比值和Ca/(Ca+Fe)比值指示川中地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期整体为淡水环境,但在沙溪庙组一段沉积中、晚期出现了短暂的水体盐度升高;V/(V+Ni)比值、U/Th值、V/Cr比值与Ni/Co比值指示沙溪庙组沉积期整体为间歇暴露的浅水氧化环境,局部为弱氧化或还原环境;C值、CIA值和Rb/Sr比值等指标显示,沙溪庙组沉积期古气候总体为温暖湿润的气候环境,但期间发生波动性干旱,在温暖湿润和半干旱—半湿润之间频繁波动。多元地球化学参数为川中地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组沉积期的古气候演化和区域性古气候对比提供了新的证据。

川中充西地区雷三^(2)亚段泥灰岩储层精细预测研究

川中充西地区多口钻井在雷三2亚段泥灰岩储层中油气显示好,测井解释储层发育,展示了良好的勘探潜力。为准确预测雷三2亚段泥灰岩储层纵横向分布,为下一步勘探部署提供指导,首先利用储层合成记录标定明确储层地球物理响应特征;接着围绕岩性和储层分别开展岩石物理分析,优选盐岩和泥灰岩储层的敏感参数,利用地震波形指示模拟预测盐岩的分布;最后利用波形指示反演预测泥灰岩储层的分布。结果表明:雷三2亚段顶部盐岩对应强波峰反射,储层底界对应弱波峰反射,储层与盐岩存在明显的波阻抗重叠,而盐岩与其他岩性在密度上存在明显差异,当去除盐岩的影响后,利用波阻抗可以较好地区分储层和非储层。因此,在利用波形指示模拟识别盐岩分布后,地震波形指示反演可有效识别储层。充西三维区储层大面积发育,厚30~60 m,发育岩性圈闭16个,总面积124 km 2,是下一步富有机质泥灰岩储层的现实勘探方向。

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组优质白云岩储层特征及发育模式

四川盆地中部地区(简称“川中地区”)中二叠统栖霞组白云岩储层薄、非均质性强,白云岩储层发育模式尚不完全明确,亟须准确掌握白云岩储层特征及发育模式,以期实现川中地区栖霞组强非均质性薄储层效益开发。基于川中地区栖霞组实钻井的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光和地球化学分析等方法,对白云岩储层特征及发育模式进行研究。研究结果表明:①川中地区霞组为滩相白云岩储层,储层岩性以细—中晶残余砂屑云岩为主;②白云岩储层单层厚度薄,平均单井厚度仅5.8 m,低孔隙度、低渗透率,可划分为裂缝-孔洞型、孔洞型和孔隙型3种类型,其中裂缝-孔洞型、孔洞型为优质白云岩储层;③颗粒滩是白云岩储层发育的物质基础,滩体受到准同生期岩溶作用和准同生期白云石化作用形成白云岩储层,在埋藏期断裂系统进一步叠加改造白云岩储层从而形成更加优质的缝洞发育的白云岩储层,即“滩体控有无、白云石化控规模、断裂控品质”的“三控”优质白云岩储层发育机理。结论认为:川中地区栖霞组白云岩储层存在“高能滩相+准同生期岩溶作用和准同生期白云石化作用”“高能滩相+准同生期岩溶作用和准同生期白云石化作用+断裂叠加改造作用”两种优质白云岩储层发育模式。

川中地区三叠系雷口坡组泥灰岩油气地质特征及充探1井发现意义

2022年,风险探井充探1井在中三叠统雷口坡组雷三2亚段海相泥灰岩段测试获工业油气流,发现新的产油气层段和新类型油气资源,勘探取得重大发现,但对泥灰岩油气成藏认识尚不清楚,制约了勘探选区与部署。以充探1井为重点,研究剖析了雷三2亚段泥灰岩油气成藏特征。研究表明:①油气及烃源岩地球化学分析数据显示充探1井雷三2亚段泥灰岩油气来源于自身泥灰岩烃源,泥灰岩既是烃源岩、又是储集层,源-储一体;②雷三2亚段泥灰岩在川中地区为潟湖相沉积,厚40~130 m,面积约40000 km^(2),生烃强度为(4~12)×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2),估算生烃量为25×10^(12)m^(3);③川中潟湖相区泥灰岩储集层大面积分布,西充—仪陇、资阳—简阳和磨溪南等3个地区储集层厚20~60 m,分布面积为7500 km^(2);④潟湖相泥灰岩油气具有“源-储一体、膏盐岩封盖、超压”成藏特征,属于海相非常规油气新类型,油气在生烃中心、储集层厚值区和裂缝发育复合区富集,是一个值得勘探重视的非常规油气新领域。⑤依据川中二维地震并结合三维地震解释分析,优选西充和遂宁2个有利区带,估算区带天然气资源量为(2000~3000)×10^(8)m^(3),是近期值得重视的勘探有利区。

川中雷口坡组台地潟湖相烃源岩地球化学特征及油气来源

2020年底,CT1井在四川盆地中部地区(以下简称川中)中三叠统雷口坡组三段二亚段(以下简称雷三2亚段)泥质石灰岩和灰质泥岩段首次获得高产油气流。该套非常规储层夹杂于碳酸盐岩—膏盐岩沉积组合之中,岩性组合复杂、非均质性强,加之对其研究程度偏低,致使油气勘探开发过程中面临页岩“甜点”厘定难度大的问题。为了明确川中雷三2亚段烃源岩地球化学特征及油气来源,在岩石学和沉积学研究的基础上,开展了页岩有机质丰度(TOC)、有机质类型、有机质成熟度(Ro)以及天然气组分、凝析油气轻烃组成、储层沥青生物标志化合物等分析。研究结果表明:①该区雷三2亚段烃源岩主要为一套成熟—高成熟演化阶段的泥页岩与泥质石灰岩,TOC介于0.11%~4.00%、平均值为0.88%,有机质类型主要为腐泥型—偏腐泥混合型,生烃潜力较好;②CT1井天然气主要为成熟—高成熟阶段的干酪根降解气,主要来自于雷三2亚段自身烃源岩;③CT1井雷三2亚段凝析油并非源于上覆上三叠统须家河组烃源岩,而是源于其自身烃源岩;④CT1井雷三2亚段天然气具有相对低的伽马蜡烷含量,显示较弱的还原环境。结论认为,该区雷三2亚段天然气具有自生自储的成藏特点,其来源主要为自身烃源岩。