Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four periods:Sinian,Cambrian-Permian,the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period,the transtensional strikeslip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis,with a particular inheritance in the main faults.(4)Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors,it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area,also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration.The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift,controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian.Strike-slip faults in NE,WNW and ENE directions may control the microgeomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies.The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs,but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration,providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gasbearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin.

Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on drilling data of JT1 and CS1,outcrop profiles and seismic data,the sedimentary pattern,space configuration of source-reservoir-cap combinations and paleouplift evolution characteristics of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in the central Sichuan paleouplift have been investigated to determine the favorable exploration zones.Controlled by Deyang-Anyue rift,the Lower Canglangpu Member features differential characteristics from east to west in sedimentary framework.In the west side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,this member is composed of clastic sediments,while in the east side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,it is fresh water shelf sediments,with grain beaches occurring along edges of the depressions,shelf and lagoon.Among the beaches,the dolomitic ones are mainly distributed around the depression edge and in the north of the lagoon.The beach sediments could become high quality reservoirs under the effect of karstification.Underlying the Lower Canglangpu Member is the widespread source rock of the Qiongzhusi Formation,so oil and gas generated by the Qiongzhusi Formation source rock can directly charge into the beach reservoirs.The sandy mudstone of the Upper Canglangpu Member can serve as the caprock of the Lower Canglangpu Member reservoir.The dolomitic beaches are located at the higher part of the paleo-uplift during the main accumulation period,with good hydrocarbon accumulation elements.Blocks PT1-CS1,HT1-GT2 and east GT2 are favorable exploration zones.

Controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoirs in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift

Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics revealed that the Dengying Formation reservoir in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift belonged to the compound genetic reservoir of the mound-shoal facies and karst.Development of the reservoir was controlled by the mound-shoal facies,and dissolution-enlarged or added pores(vugs)due to superimposed karstification modification were favorable reservoir spaces.The karst of the Dengying Formation in Tongwan stage was the stratabound-weathered crust karst of the early diagenesis stage,the extensive superimposition of mound-shoal facies and regional karstification in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift area was the key to develop the large-scale continuous Dengying Formation reservoirs.Due to differences in the development degree of mound-shoal facies and in the intensity of karst modification,the reservoir development degree varied in different zones in the paleouplift area.The NS-extending zone on the western side of the Gaoshiti-Moxi area was the sweet spot for reservoir development.Effective identification of mound-shoal facies and fine depiction of karst landform was the key for reservoir prediction of the Dengying Formation to discovery the superimposed area of the mound-shoal facies and the karst monadnock-karst steep slope which similar to Moxi-Gaoshiti area.

Petroleum geology of marl in Triassic Leikoupo Formation and discovery significance of Well Chongtan1 in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

In 2022,the risk exploration well Chongtan1(CT1)in the Sichuan Basin revealed commercial oil and gas flow during test in a new zone–the marl of the second submember of the third member of Leikoupo Formation(Lei-32)of Middle Triassic,recording a significant discovery.However,the hydrocarbon accumulation in marl remains unclear,which restricts the selection and deployment of exploration area.Focusing on Well CT1,the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of Lei-32 marl are analyzed to clarify the potential zones for exploration.The following findings are obtained.First,according to the geochemical analysis of petroleum and source rocks,oil and gas in the Lei-32 marl of Well CT1 are originated from the same marl.The marl acts as both source rock and reservoir rock.Second,the Lei-32 marl in central Sichuan Basin is of lagoonal facies,with a thickness of 40–130 m,an area of about 40000 km^(2),a hydrocarbon generation intensity of(4–12)×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),and an estimated quantity of generated hydrocarbons of 25×10^(12) m^(3).Third,the lagoonal marl reservoirs are widely distributed in central Sichuan Basin.Typically,in Xichong–Yilong,Ziyang–Jianyang and Moxi South,the reservoirs are 20–60 m thick and cover an area of 7500 km^(2).Fourth,hydrocarbons in the lagoonal marl are generated and stored in the Lei-32 marl,which means that marl serves as both source rock and reservoir rock.They represent a new type of unconventional resource,which is worthy of exploring.Fifth,based on the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data from central Sichuan Basin,Xichong and Suining are defined as favorable prospects with estimated resources of(2000–3000)×10^(8) m^(3).

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.

The dating and temperature measurement technologies for carbonate minerals and their application in hydrocarbon accumulation research in the paleouplift in central Sichuan Basin, SW China

A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.

Features of micro-fabric and the genetic study of Triassic deep polyhalite in the Guang'an area, central Sichuan Basin

It is an accepted fact that the main solid phase support for potassium in the Sichuan Basin is polyhalite [K2MgCa2(SO4)4·2H2O] rather than sylvineis (KCl) (Gong DX et al.,2015).The mineral types,occurrence characteristics and metasomatism of the polyhalite bearing ore-bed were identified and the origin of the polyhalite was discussed.The polyhalite samples were obtained from the core of Z12,located in Dalong Village,Guang'an City of central Sichuan.The sampling depths were 2974 m (s-1),3023 m (s-2) and 3106 m (s-3).The microbeam analysis of back-scattering images was carried out using a Shimadzu EPMA-1720 Series electron probe micro-analyzer,supplemented by a quantitative spectrum analysis that determined the mineral types.

Effects of Land Use Change on Eco-environment in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin——A Case Study of Yanting County, Sichuan Province

With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest

Characteristics and development model of karst reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The reservoir space,types and distribution characteristics of karst carbonate gas reservoirs in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 4 Member)in central Sichuan Basin are analyzed based on the drilling,logging and seismic data.A development model of karst reservoirs is constructed to support the high-efficiency development of gas pools.The research shows that the reservoirs in Deng 4 Member have mainly small-scale karst vugs and fractures as storage space,and can be divided into three types,fracture-vug,pore-vug and pore types.The development patterns of the karst reservoirs are determined.On the plane,the karst layers increase from 65 m to 170 m in thickness from the karst platform to the karst slope,and the high-quality reservoirs increase from 25.0 m to 42.2 m in thickness;vertically,the reservoirs at the top of Deng 4 Member appear in multiple layers,and show along-bedding and along fracture dissolution characteristics.The reservoirs at the bottom are characterized by the dissolution parallel to the water level during the karstification period,and have 3-5 large-scale fracture-cave systems.Based on the reservoir development characteristics and the genetic mechanism,three types of reservoir development models of karst reservoir are established,i.e.,bed-dissolved body,fracture-dissolved body and paleohorizon-dissolved body.The construction of karst reservoir development models and seismic response characteristics of the three types of reservoirs can provide parameter for well placement and trajectory design,and substantially improve productivity and development indices of individual wells and gas reservoirs.The designed production capacity of the gas reservoir has enhanced from the initial 3.6 billion to 6 billion cubic meters,making the profit of the reservoir development increase noticeably.

Multi-Stage Fluid Charging and Critical Period of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan Basin

Objective The natural gas exploration of the Sinian reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin has made a significant breakthrough in recent years, and has thus attracted much attention among geologists. The Sichuan Basin is known to have complicated geological settings, which has experienced multiple stages of tectonic evolution, fluid charging and hydrocarbon accumulation. This research aims to determine the geochemical characteristics of each stage of fluids, the features and time interval of fluid activity in different geologic periods, and further to restore the critical period and geological age of the hydrocarbon accumulation.

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Soil Organic Matter in the Mixed Plantations of Alder and Cypress in the Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan Basin

The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which distributed in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Basin （HACSB）. The results show that： （1） the spatial distribution of SOM among different sites at the same age are not significant before 15-year-old, but significant at 20-year-old, and not significant again after 25-year-old; （2） the SOM contents in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers increase sharply from 10- to 15-year-old, and decline gradually from 15- to 30- year-old; the SOM contents of the 30-year-old PCP were 80. 38% and 78.42% higher than that of the 10-year-old, but 29.16% and 53.37% lower than that of 15-year-old in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers, respectively. The decrease of SOM contents would lead to the degradation of soil fertility and the decline of forest productivity.

Reservoir micro structure of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic and its petroleum significance in Central Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the qualitative study of microscopic reservoir features using core analysis,cast and fluorescence thin sections inspection,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and quantitative examination of pore size and geometry using mercury injection,nano-CT and nitrogen adsorption,reservoir rock of Da’anzhai Member were divided into 9 types,while storage spaces were divided into 4 types and 14 sub-types.The study shows that sparry coquina is the most promising reservoir type.Pores that smaller than 1μm in diameter contribute 91.27%of storage space volume.Most of them exhibit slot-like geometry with good connectivity.By building up storage space models,it was revealed that micron scale storage spaces mainly composed of fractures and nanometer scale pores and fractures form multi-scale dual porosity system.Low resource abundance,small single well controlled reserve,and low production are related to the nano-scale pore space in Da’anzhai Memer,whereas the dual-porosity system composed of pores and fractures makes for long-term oil yield.Due to the existence of abundant slot-like pore space and fractures,economic tight oil production was achieved without stimulations.

川中蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及其与磨溪—高石梯地区对比

川中蓬莱气区下寒武统龙王庙组钻遇良好碳酸盐岩储层,天然气显示好,成为继川中地区安岳大气田后龙王庙组重点勘探区之一,但储层发育规律不明制约了勘探部署。基于最新的钻井及分析测试等资料,系统分析了蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及主控因素。研究认为,蓬莱气区龙王庙组具有陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积背景,储层主要分布在龙王庙组中上部;储集岩石类型主要为(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩;储集空间类型主要为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔及微裂缝;以低孔低渗储层为主,储层厚度主要介于10~42 m之间。储层发育受控于层序地层、岩性及成岩作用等,进积型准层序组和准层序中上部的(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩是储层发育主要部位,大气淡水溶蚀、油气溶蚀作用及破裂作用是核心建设性成岩作用。对比安岳大气田主体区磨溪—高石梯地区,认为储层主控因素相近,主要受颗粒白云岩、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等控制,但蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层具有灰质含量高、陆源碎屑含量多、准同生期暴露弱等特点,寻找准同生期暴露的高能颗粒白云岩和细晶白云岩及表生岩溶改造的白云岩是蓬莱气区重点关注的储层目标。

明清之际川藏道的兴起及在中央和西藏地方中的连接作用

明清之际,川藏道逐渐兴起,并成为中央与西藏地方之间的重要连接纽带。除了中央政府的主动开拓,西藏地方也参与到了整个进程之中。自明中后期开始,大量藏族僧俗人员自川藏道前往内地朝贡,并将巨额茶叶、布匹、金银等物资带回西藏,这是“汉藏金桥”兴起的重要背景。当康区的白利土司阻断了川藏道时,以五世达赖喇嘛为首的西藏地方支持蒙古首领固始汗,攻灭了白利。清初,西藏地方与内地在川藏道东端打箭炉广泛开展贸易活动。康熙三十九年(1700)“西炉之役”与五十九年(1720)清军进藏驱逐准噶尔后,川藏道沿线多数地区逐渐纳入四川省管辖,清朝为保障道路畅通,以巨额茶叶与白银对西藏地方进行经济补贴。由川藏道的兴起及中央与西藏地方的互动,可以深刻理解该道成为双方连接纽带的原因,以及西藏地方牢固纳入中原政治体系的内在逻辑。

四川盆地中部地区中侏罗统物源体系格局及时空演化

四川盆地中部地区(以下简称川中地区)中侏罗统沙溪庙组是我国重要的致密气勘探开发战场,其物源体系来源和母岩性质复杂多变,在一定程度上制约了下一步油气勘探进程。为此,基于川中地区沙溪庙组各亚段碎屑组分、元素地球化学和锆石碎屑成分分析,研究了沙溪庙组碎屑含量、烃源岩性质及构造背景,并探讨了母岩来源和造山带构造作用对物源的控制效应。研究结果表明:(1)川中地区西侧沙溪庙组单晶石英含量差异较大,砂岩成分成熟度平面变化明显;川中地区西北侧位于岛弧、混合造山带、碰撞造山带的综合构造环境,母岩性质及类型以上地壳长英质岩石与中—酸性混合火成岩为主,构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼活动大陆边缘性质,其与川北地区及大巴山前缘沙溪庙组母岩特征耦合度较高;而川中地区西南侧与川西地区及龙门山南段耦合度较高;川中地区东侧沙溪庙组锆石年龄谱与川东地区耦合度良好。(2) J_(2)s^(1)和J_(2)s_(1)^(2)时期川中北部地区受大巴山逆冲推覆影响,形成长轴物源供给格局的雏形,而川中地区西南侧由龙门山南段提供短轴物质输送;J_(2)s_(2)^(2)和J_(2)s_(3)^(2)时期大巴山强推覆作用,使川中地区整体被长轴远源沉积物充填;J_(2)s_(4)^(2)时期受龙门山北段冲断作用影响,为川中地区西北侧提供物质来源,但川中地区主体受控于大巴山物源体系。结论认为,该研究成果为重建四川盆地中侏罗世古地理格局和中侏罗统有利砂体预测提供了理论指导。

眼皮-眼球灰岩地球化学特征及其古环境意义——以川中地区茅一段为例

在岩心观察和岩石薄片鉴定基础上,对川中地区茅一段眼皮-眼球灰岩岩心样品进行常量元素、微量元素、碳氧同位素及稀土元素测试分析,探讨了眼皮、眼球灰岩2种岩相地球化学特征及其古环境意义。研究结果表明:1)眼皮灰岩泥质质量分数为10%~45%,而眼球灰岩小于10%。2)眼皮、眼球灰岩δ^(13)CPDB平均值分别为4.38‰,3.84‰,δ^(18)OPDB平均值分别为-5.39‰,-6.00‰,总稀土元素质量分数平均值分别为10.54,3.43μg/g;眼皮、眼球灰岩均呈Ce负异常、Eu正异常特征,且眼球灰岩异常程度更高。3)眼皮、眼球灰岩不同常量氧化物之间的质量分数相关性明显,眼皮灰岩相关系数为0.52~0.95(平均值0.69),而眼球灰岩为0.91~0.99(平均值0.96)。4)眼皮灰岩微量元素、总稀土元素及陆源元素质量分数均显著高于眼球灰岩,反映2种岩相原始沉积物组成存在差异,眼皮灰岩陆源物质输入更高。5)眼皮、眼球灰岩均沉积于干热气候下的高盐度海水缺氧环境,平均古水深相近,平均古水温分别为19.9,22.5℃;眼球灰岩沉积时期气候更炎热,古气候周期性变化是造成原始沉积物组成差异的主要因素。研究成果对深化四川盆地茅一段眼皮-眼球灰岩成因认识具有重要意义。

川中地区北部下寒武统沧浪铺组一段风暴岩特征及沉积地质意义

川中地区北部下寒武统沧浪铺组风暴岩发育,但对该风暴岩沉积以及该区早寒武世沉积环境、古地理和沉积古地貌的研究较为薄弱。通过详细岩心观察及镜下薄片鉴定,研究了沧浪铺组风暴沉积序列和沉积模式,并揭示其地质意义。研究区沧浪铺组发育砾屑层、粒序段、平行层理和丘状交错层理等风暴沉积构造,可划分出5个风暴沉积序列,即:序列Ⅰ由砾屑段(A)、平行层理段(C)和丘状交错层理段(D)组成,在正常浪基面之上沉积;序列Ⅱ由平行层理段(C)、丘状交错层理段(D)和水平层理泥岩段(E)组成,位于风暴浪基面附近;序列Ⅲ由底冲刷面和砾屑段(A)和粒序段(B)构成,于正常浪基面和风暴浪基面之间;序列Ⅳ由粒序段(B)和平行层理段(C)组成,距离风暴中心远,沉积环境更靠近风暴浪基面附近;序列Ⅴ由底冲刷面和砾屑段(A)构成,位于平均海平面与正常浪基面之间且靠近正常浪基面。川中地区北部风暴岩的发现证实,沧浪铺组一段为陆棚—斜坡—台地边缘沉积,指示上扬子板块在沧浪铺组沉积期处于低纬度地区,这为岩相古地理恢复提供了约束;同时风暴作用形成连片分布的颗粒滩,有效提升储集相带的规模,有助于对颗粒滩相带的分布进行预测。

致密砂岩孔喉结构分析与渗透率预测方法——以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构精细表征和渗透性预测是优质储层评价和开发的关键。以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例,利用高压压汞实验和分形理论,对孔喉结构进行静态表征,探讨孔喉结构、分形维数、储层物性之间的关系,进而分析孔喉结构对渗透率的贡献,建立渗透率预测模型。沙溪庙组样品可分为4种类型:Ⅰ类样品排驱压力低、物性好、孔隙连通性好、平均分形维数为2.11,孔隙以半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔为主,半径大于1μm的孔喉贡献了90%以上的渗透率;Ⅱ类样品排驱压力在0.4~1.0 MPa之间,平均孔渗分别为9.72%、0.375×10^(-3)μm^(2),分形维数为2.20,半径大于0.1μm的中孔含量上升,并贡献了大部分渗透率;Ⅲ、Ⅳ类样品排驱压力与分形维数明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类样品,孔隙度低且缺乏大孔导致渗透率较低。半径大于0.1μm的大孔和中孔贡献了沙溪庙组98%以上的渗透率。分形维数是指示孔喉结构的良好标志,分形维数与孔喉半径、最大进汞饱和度、渗透率均呈现明显的负相关关系,而与排驱压力、孔喉相对分选系数呈正相关关系。分形维数与孔喉组成有着强相关性,基于分形维数、孔隙度、最大孔喉半径建立了“孔隙型”储层渗透率定量预测模型。

四川盆地中北部DB1井区灯影组四段沉积相及储层特征

四川盆地中北部(川中北部)灯影组四段(灯四段)储层岩性复杂,非均质性较强,限制了灯影组四段气藏的勘探。为了进一步深化川中北部DB1井区的沉积相及储层特征认识,通过钻井岩心及薄片资料的观察,并结合测井、录井、物性测试以及钻探成果等资料的综合分析,对川中北部DB1井区灯四段沉积相及储层特征进行研究。结果表明:研究区灯四段主要发育台地边缘和局限台地2种沉积亚相,进一步可识别出藻丘、颗粒滩和滩间海等沉积微相,其中藻丘微相主要发育藻凝块云岩和藻叠层云岩,颗粒滩微相主要发育砂屑云岩,滩间海微相主要发育泥晶云岩和粉晶云岩;藻丘和颗粒滩沉积主要发育在台缘一侧,向台内藻丘和颗粒滩沉积逐渐减少,以滩间海沉积为主;藻丘发育呈纵向叠置特征,横向延伸较近,且集中发育在灯四段上亚段,单体厚度较大,下亚段发育较少且厚度较薄;储集岩类型主要为藻凝块云岩、藻叠层云岩和砂屑云岩,储集空间主要为藻黏结格架孔、粒间溶孔和晶间溶孔;研究区岩心孔隙度分布在2.02%~6.03%,总体平均孔隙度为3.11%,岩心渗透率分布在0.00704~9.78 mD,总体平均渗透率为0.69264 mD,整体物性具有低孔特低渗透特征,部分样品由于受到裂缝的影响呈现低孔高渗透特征。