Petrology, Metamorphic Process and Genesis of The Dabie--Sulu Eclogite Belt, Eastern--Central China

The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in understanding the evolution of the Qinling Dabie orogen. Inthe present paper the geology, petrology, minerology and chronology of the eclogites in the Dabieand Sulu areas are described. The principal conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Based up-on the field occurrence and the P-T conditions of the eclogites, two types of eclogite can be dis-tinguished: Type 1—the low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite in the mid-late Proterozoicmetamorphic series, and Type 2—the ultra-high pressure eclogite in the late Archaean to earlyProterozoic metamorphic complex. In the Dabie area, the ultra-high-pressure eclogite,high-pressure eclogite and epidote-blueschist units are nearly parallel to each other and stretchintermittently from north to south. (2) The P-T conditions of the high-pressure eclogites and ul-tra-high pressure eclogites have been estimated. The former are formed at 450-550℃ and1.4-1.6 GPa; while the latter at 650-870℃ and >2.7-2.9 GPa in the Dabie area and at820-1000℃ and >2.8-3.1 GPa in the Sulu area. The metamorphic temperatures of the eclogitesincrease progressively from west to east. (3) The ultra-high pressure eclogites were subjected to 5stages of metamorphism: pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies, peak coesite eclogite facies,post-eclogite amphibolite facies, epidote-blueschist facies or epidote amphibolite facies andgreenschist facies. The general features of the PTt path of the ultra-high pressure eclogite are:clockwise pattern, progressive metamorphism being a process of slow increasing temperature andrapid increasing pressure, and the retrogressive section with nearly isothermal decompression atthe early stage, isobaric cooling at the middle stage and nearly isothermal decompression at thelate stage. (4) At least two stages of high-pressure metamorphism occurred in the orogenic belt:the high-pressure eclogite and ultra-high pressure eclogite were formed by the subduction of theoceanic crust northward beneath the North China plate or the Dabie block during theCaledonian; while the epidote-blueschist belt came into being by subdution and collision be-tween the two continental plates during the Indosinian. (5) Due to the continuous sequentialsubduction of the cold plate, the ultra high-presssure metamorphic rocks were uplifted to thecrust by the underplating processes. They can be preserved just because of the 'frozen effect' re-sulting from the continuous subduction of the cold plate. (6) The carbonates, such as magnesite,breunnerite, aragonite and dolomite, and the H_2O-bearing minerals, such as phengite, epidoteand zoisite, were stable during the high-pressure and/or ultra-high pressure metamorphism.

Pb Isotope Mapping in the Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China

Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt in Central China is a part of the collisional belt between the Yangtze and North China cratons. It represents one of the most extensive ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） and high-pressure （HP） metamorphic rocks in the world. The Pb isotope mapping in this area is a significant method to constrain the crustal structure and tectonic evolution and to identify the tectonic boundaries within the vertical tectonic stack. Based on the Pb isotope compositions of the Dabie complex （DBC）, the Tongbai complex （TBC）, UHP and HP metamorphic rocks and associated foliated granites, the lower metamorphosed rocks from North Huaiyang （NHY） tectonic belt, and Cretaceous granites in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt, we determined the Pb isotope geochemical map of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The Pb isotope map shows that the Pb isotope compositions are similar within each geological body or lithotectonic unit, but the Pb isotope compositions of different lithotectonic units show systematic variations in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The NHY tectonic belt contrasts strongly with the Tongbai-Dabie UHP.HP metamorphic belt in Pb isotope compositions. It is suggested that the line along the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the north limit of the Tongbai-Dabie UHP and HP metamorphic rocks, represents an important tectonic boundary. Within the Tongbai-Dabie HP -UHP metamorphic belt, to the south of Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the vertical variations of Pb isotope compositions in different lithotectonic units and the spatial relationship among different major lithotectonic units have been constrained.

The Yanshanian Orogeny and Two Kinds of Yanshanides in Eastern-Central China

The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian.orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral sheafing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate （intracontinental） Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.

Trade-offs/Synergies in Land-use Function Changes in Central China from 2000 to 2015

To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable land development. In this research, we constructed an evaluation framework of multiple land-use functions(LUFs) based on sustainable land-use theory. Specifically,, we classified the multiple LUFs into three types: agricultural production function(APF), living function(LVF), and ecological service function(ESF).We then spatialized the economic and social data, and implemented the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model and RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model to evaluate each sub-LUF(crop production, aquatic production, woodlands production, livestock production, living space, life quality, water supply, soil conservation, climate regulation, biological conservation) in central China in 2000 and again in 2015. Moreover, by analyzing the changes to LUFs and the relationships between each LUF change, we were able to discern patterns of LUF change in central China. The results show that: (1)42.12% of total territory in the study area increased their APF from 2000 to 2015, while 43.41% of the lands increased their ESF yet only 8.98% of the lands increased their LVF;(2) in Hubei and Hunan, there was more land with an increase of APF than in Anhui or Jiangxi. The APF in Jiangxi exhibited the greatest decline over time period, the LVF increased more in the provincial capital cities than in other regions, and the ESF expanded more in Jiangxi than in the other provinces;and (3) the changes in APF were significantly and positively correlated with changes in LVF. Additionally, changes in ESF were negatively but non-significantly correlated with changes in APF and LVF.

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt,Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud

Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt

Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur'ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A'nyemaqên Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings.

Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies in Comprehensive Hospitals in Central China: A Parallel Survey in Cancer Patients and Clinicians

Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （CPD） are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did （20.41% vs. 5.37%）. Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment （85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients）, in comparison with directly killing tumor cells （24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients）. As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous （100%） reason for clinicians＇ rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients （33.33% vs. 15.81%）. In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.

Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China

In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.

The Firstly Discovered Cosmic Spherules in Carbonaceous Siltstone from the Taizi Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group,Central China

Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous, siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence, respectively. The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events. Also, cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.

Clinical and Laboratory Features, and Quality of Life Assessment in Wheat Dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis Patients from Central China

Wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis（WDEIA） is a rare but potentially severe food allergy caused by the combination of wheat ingestion and physical exercise. The impact of WDEIA on quality of life（QOL） is unclear. This study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and investigated the QOL in WDEIA patients from Central China. Twenty-eight WDEIA patients were analyzed, and QOL was measured by validated Chinese version Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Adult Form（FAQLQ-AF） and Food Allergy Independent Measure（FAIM） after obtaining the diagnosis. The results showed that half of the patients were females. The median onset age was 37 years old. The symptoms occurred within 1 h after wheat ingestion（26/28）. Symptoms of anaphylaxis included cutaneous（26/28）, respiratory（11/28）, gastro-intestinal（5/28） and cardiovascular manifestations（27/28）. Skin prick tests were positive to salt soluble（89.3%） and salt insoluble wheat allergen extracts（100%）. Positive rate to wheat, gluten and omega-5 gliadin specific Ig E was 64.3%, 92.9% and 92.9% respectively. Specific Ig E to omega-5 gliadin with a cut-off value 0.83 KU/L offered highly efficient diagnostic criterion for WDEIA（sensitivity： 89.3%; and specificity： 88.9%）. The mean scores of FAQLQ-AF and FAIM were 4.70 and 4.98 respectively and level of anti-omega-5 gliadin Ig E had positive correlations with FAQLQ scores. Thereby, WDEIA is commonly found in mid-age adults. In most cases, multi-organs especially skin and cardiovascular systems are involved. Salt insoluble wheat allergen skin test and serum specific Ig E to gluten and omega-5 gliadin help to diagnose WDEIA. QOL in WDEIA patients is severely impaired.

THE TIMING OF SOUTH-ASIAN HIGH ESTABLISHMENT AND ITS RELATION TO TROPICAL ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON AND PRECIPITATION OVER EAST-CENTRAL CHINA IN SUMMER

The timing of the South Asian High(SAH) establishment over the Indochina Peninsula(IP) from April to May and its relations to the setup of the subsequent tropical Asian summer monsoon and precipitation over eastern-central China in summer are investigated by using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data,outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)data and the daily precipitation data from 753 weather stations in China.It is found that the transitions of the zonal wind vertical shear and convection establishment over tropical Asia are earlier(later) in the years of early(late) establishment of SAH.In the lower troposphere,anti-cyclonic(cyclonic) anomaly circulation dominates the equatorial Indian Ocean.Correspondingly,the tropical Asian summer monsoon establishes earlier(later).Furthermore,the atmospheric circulation and the water vapor transport in the years of advanced SAH establishment are significantly different from the delayed years in Asia in summer.Out-of-phase distribution of precipitation in eastern-central China will appear with a weak(strong) SAH and western Pacific subtropical high,strong(weak) ascending motion in the area south of Yangtze River but weak(strong) ascending motion in the area north of it,and cyclonic(anti-cyclonic) water vapor flux anomaly circulation from the eastern-central China to western Pacific.Accordingly,the timing of the SAH establishment at the upper levels of IP is indicative of the subsequent onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon and the flood-drought pattern over eastern-central China in summer.

High-Pressure and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt in Tongbai-Dabie Mountains,Central China

There are four units of high - pressure to ultrahigh - pressure metamorphism extending from south to north across the Tongbai - Dabie Mountains : the epidote- blueschist - fades unit , the low - temperature eclogite facies unit , the ultrahigh - pressure eclogite facies unit and the medium-temperature eclogite facies unit . The later two units were formed during the Caledonian subduction between the Tongbai - Dabie microplate and the North China plate ;the former two units are the products of Indosinian continental - continental subduction and collision between the Yangtze and the North China plates.

The Key Influence of Fluid in the Preserves, Mineral Assemblages, Compositionsand Structures: Study from High-Pressure Eclogite and Its Amphibolization in the Western Dabie Mountains,Central China

Pseudosection modeling for the garnet amphibolite samples from the Western Dabie Mountains show they have experienced similar HP metamorphic evolution with that of the adjected eclogites.The common assemblage of

The Key Influence of Fluid in Metamorphic Rock Preserves, Mineral Assemblages, Compositions and Structures: Study from High-Pressure Eclogite and Its Amphibolization in the Western Dabie Mountains,Central China

The most of high/ultrahigh-pressure(HP/UHP)terranes of the world are characterized by the occurrence of numerous pods,lenses or layered blocks of eclogite and amphibolites(e.g.O’Brien,1997;Elvevold and Gilotti,2000;Zhang et al.,2003;and references there in).Field and petrological features suggest that amphibolites should

The Univariate and Bivariate Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Quality of Life:A Cross Sectional Study in the Hubei Province-Central China

This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life （QOL） for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. One hundred and thirty six respondents （HIV/AIDS individuals） attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （Chinese CDC） were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 （social domain）, 27.5 （psychological domain）, 17.7 （physical domain） and 11.65 （environmental domain）. The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic （14.6） and early symptomatic individuals （12） （P=0.014）, and between patients with early symptoms （12） and those with AIDS （10.43） （P〈0.001）. QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic （12.1） （P〈0.05） and AIDS patients （12.4） （P〈0.006） than in asymptomatic individuals （14.2）. The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients （P〈0.048） and educational status （P〈0.037）. Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain （P〈0.040） and environmental domain （P〈0.017） were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.

Sedimentary Characteristics and Models of Paleo-salt Lake During Paleocene and Eocene in the Jiangling Depression of Central China

1 Sedimentary Characteristics of Paleo-salt Lake In early sedimentary stages of Shashi formation,because of drought climate and the concentration of lake,a set of salt strata of hundreds of meters is developed in the tension

High-pressure/low-temperature Metamorphism in Northern Hubei Province,Central China

The Qinling-Dabie accretionary fold belt in east-central China represents the E-W trending suture zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. A portion of the accretionary complex exposed in northern Hubei Province contains a high-pressure / low-temperature metamorphic sequence progressively metamorphosed from the blueschist through greenschist to epidote-amphibolite / eclogite facies. The Hongan metamorphic belt can be divided into three metamorphic zones,based on progressive changes in mineral assemblages: Zone Ⅰ,in the south,is characterized by transitional blueschist-greenschist facies; ZoneⅡis characterized by greenschist facies; ZoneⅢ,in the northern most portion of the belt,is characterized by eclogite and epidote-amphibolite facies sequences. Changes in amphibole compositions from south to north as well as the appearance of increasingly higher pressure mineral assemblages toward the north document differences in metamorphic P-T conditions during formation of this belt. Preliminary P-T estimates for Zone I metamorphism are 5 ~ 7 kbar,350 ~ 450℃; estimates for Zone III eclogites are 10 ~ 22 kbar,500 ±50℃. The petrographic,chemical and structural characteristics of this metamorphic belt indicate its evolutionin a northward-dipping subduction zone and subsequent uplift prior to and during the final collisionbetween the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.

An investigative report on information literacy training of individual farmers in central China and on issues related to remedial measures:A case study of farmers information literacy in a few districts of Hubei province

This paper introduced first a conceptual framework of 'information literacy training of farmers' based on the widely recognized understanding of the term 'information literacy(IL).' It then followed with a discussion based on these three authors' field investigation regarding to Hubei peasants' current information literacy training in such perspectives as information consciousness,information ability and ways and means of information access.It concluded by pointing out some of the more apparent factors that had adverse impacts on the farmers' information literacy training in central China and suggested a few possible remedial measures to guide the course for those who are involved in such undertakings.

Central China Fizzed in April

On April 26th,2007,the second Expo Central China (ECC) was held in the city of Zhengzhou,in Henan province,which has attracted more than 300 world influential multinational enterprises to join.

Central China Expo Records $6.37 Bln Overseas Investment

On April 28,the Expo Central China 2009 was successfully concluded in Hefei,the capital city of Anhui province.