Poor recovery of neuronal functions is one of the most common healthcare challenges for patients with different types of brain injuries and/or neurodegenerative diseases.Therapeutic interventions face two major challe...Poor recovery of neuronal functions is one of the most common healthcare challenges for patients with different types of brain injuries and/or neurodegenerative diseases.Therapeutic interventions face two major challenges:(1)How to generate neurons de novo to replenish the neuronal loss caused by injuries or neurodegeneration(restorative neurogenesis)and(2)How to prevent or limit the secondary tissue damage caused by long-term accumulation of glial cells,including microglia,at injury site(glial scar).In contrast to mammals,zebrafish have extensive regenerative capacity in numerous vital organs,including the brain,thus making them a valuable model to improve the existing therapeutic approaches for human brain repair.In response to injuries to the central nervous system(CNS),zebrafish have developed specific mechanisms to promote the recovery of the lost tissue architecture and functionality of the damaged CNS.These mechanisms include the activation of a restorative neurogenic program in a specific set of glial cells(ependymoglia)and the resolution of both the glial scar and inflammation,thus enabling proper neuronal specification and survival.In this review,we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative ability in the adult zebrafish brain and conclude with the potential applicability of these mechanisms in repair of the mammalian CNS.展开更多
AIM:To identify multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) features most predictive of serous cystadenomas(SCAs),correlating with histopathology,and to study the impact of cyst size and MDCT technique on reader performa...AIM:To identify multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) features most predictive of serous cystadenomas(SCAs),correlating with histopathology,and to study the impact of cyst size and MDCT technique on reader performance.METHODS:The MDCT scans of 164 patients with surgically verified pancreatic cystic lesions were reviewed by two readers to study the predictive value of various morphological features for establishing a diagnosis of SCAs.Accuracy in lesion characterization and reader conf idence were correlated with lesion size(≤3cm or≥3cm) and scanning protocols(dedicated vs routine).RESULTS:28/164 cysts(mean size,39 mm;range,8-92mm) were diagnosed as SCA on pathology.The MDCT features predictive of diagnosis of SCA were microcystic appearance(22/28,78.6%),surface lobulations(25/28,89.3%) and central scar(9/28,32.4%).Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that only microcystic appearance was signifi cant for CT diagnosis of SCA(P=0.0001).The sensitivity,specificity and PPV of central scar and of combined microcystic appearance and lobulations were 32.4%/100%/100% and 68%/100%/100%,respectively.The reader confidence was higher for lesions>3cm(P=0.02) and for MDCT scans performed using thin collimation(1.25-2.5mm) compared to routine 5 mm collimation exams(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Central scar on MDCT is diagnostic of SCA but is seen in only one third of SCAs.Microcystic morphology is the most significant CT feature in diagnosis of SCA.A combination of microcystic appearance and surface lobulations offers accuracy comparable to central scar with higher sensitivity.展开更多
目的探讨经典型肝局灶性结节状增生(FNH)中央瘢痕的细胞组织学机制。方法从手术切除的具有中央瘢痕的FNH标本中分离出活化的肝星状细胞。采用细胞免疫荧光法及定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测特定的细胞骨架标记物,如α-SMA、Collagen l和MM...目的探讨经典型肝局灶性结节状增生(FNH)中央瘢痕的细胞组织学机制。方法从手术切除的具有中央瘢痕的FNH标本中分离出活化的肝星状细胞。采用细胞免疫荧光法及定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测特定的细胞骨架标记物,如α-SMA、Collagen l和MMP-2。同时,收集有或无中央瘢痕的28例FNH样本,采用免疫组织化学染色和双免疫荧光标记法检测α-SMA、Collagen l的表达情况。结果FNH标本分离的肝星状细胞在培养期间具有肌成纤维细胞样的形态,同时高表达desmin,α-SMA,collagen I and MMP-2。同时,在FNH组织中可检测到中央瘢痕区域α-SMA,collagen I蛋白的共表达,且与组织大小显著相关。结论本研究首次基于细胞学-组织学水平上探讨FNH组织中央瘢痕形成的潜在机制,研究结果可为经典型FNH及中央瘢痕的形成提供实验资料。展开更多
Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury.Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system.When spinal cord injury occurs,many glial cells at the lesi...Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury.Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system.When spinal cord injury occurs,many glial cells at the lesion site are immediately activated,and different cells differentially affect inflammatory reactions after injury.In this review,we aim to discuss the core role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and crosstalk with the rest of glia and their subcategories in the remyelination process.Activated astrocytes influence proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells,while activated microglia alter remyelination by regulating the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury.Understanding the interaction between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the rest of glia is necessary when designing a therapeutic plan of remyelination after spinal cord injury.展开更多
基金Supported by the German Research foundation(DFG),No.SFB 870
文摘Poor recovery of neuronal functions is one of the most common healthcare challenges for patients with different types of brain injuries and/or neurodegenerative diseases.Therapeutic interventions face two major challenges:(1)How to generate neurons de novo to replenish the neuronal loss caused by injuries or neurodegeneration(restorative neurogenesis)and(2)How to prevent or limit the secondary tissue damage caused by long-term accumulation of glial cells,including microglia,at injury site(glial scar).In contrast to mammals,zebrafish have extensive regenerative capacity in numerous vital organs,including the brain,thus making them a valuable model to improve the existing therapeutic approaches for human brain repair.In response to injuries to the central nervous system(CNS),zebrafish have developed specific mechanisms to promote the recovery of the lost tissue architecture and functionality of the damaged CNS.These mechanisms include the activation of a restorative neurogenic program in a specific set of glial cells(ependymoglia)and the resolution of both the glial scar and inflammation,thus enabling proper neuronal specification and survival.In this review,we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative ability in the adult zebrafish brain and conclude with the potential applicability of these mechanisms in repair of the mammalian CNS.
文摘AIM:To identify multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) features most predictive of serous cystadenomas(SCAs),correlating with histopathology,and to study the impact of cyst size and MDCT technique on reader performance.METHODS:The MDCT scans of 164 patients with surgically verified pancreatic cystic lesions were reviewed by two readers to study the predictive value of various morphological features for establishing a diagnosis of SCAs.Accuracy in lesion characterization and reader conf idence were correlated with lesion size(≤3cm or≥3cm) and scanning protocols(dedicated vs routine).RESULTS:28/164 cysts(mean size,39 mm;range,8-92mm) were diagnosed as SCA on pathology.The MDCT features predictive of diagnosis of SCA were microcystic appearance(22/28,78.6%),surface lobulations(25/28,89.3%) and central scar(9/28,32.4%).Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that only microcystic appearance was signifi cant for CT diagnosis of SCA(P=0.0001).The sensitivity,specificity and PPV of central scar and of combined microcystic appearance and lobulations were 32.4%/100%/100% and 68%/100%/100%,respectively.The reader confidence was higher for lesions>3cm(P=0.02) and for MDCT scans performed using thin collimation(1.25-2.5mm) compared to routine 5 mm collimation exams(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Central scar on MDCT is diagnostic of SCA but is seen in only one third of SCAs.Microcystic morphology is the most significant CT feature in diagnosis of SCA.A combination of microcystic appearance and surface lobulations offers accuracy comparable to central scar with higher sensitivity.
文摘目的探讨经典型肝局灶性结节状增生(FNH)中央瘢痕的细胞组织学机制。方法从手术切除的具有中央瘢痕的FNH标本中分离出活化的肝星状细胞。采用细胞免疫荧光法及定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测特定的细胞骨架标记物,如α-SMA、Collagen l和MMP-2。同时,收集有或无中央瘢痕的28例FNH样本,采用免疫组织化学染色和双免疫荧光标记法检测α-SMA、Collagen l的表达情况。结果FNH标本分离的肝星状细胞在培养期间具有肌成纤维细胞样的形态,同时高表达desmin,α-SMA,collagen I and MMP-2。同时,在FNH组织中可检测到中央瘢痕区域α-SMA,collagen I蛋白的共表达,且与组织大小显著相关。结论本研究首次基于细胞学-组织学水平上探讨FNH组织中央瘢痕形成的潜在机制,研究结果可为经典型FNH及中央瘢痕的形成提供实验资料。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81601957
文摘Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury.Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system.When spinal cord injury occurs,many glial cells at the lesion site are immediately activated,and different cells differentially affect inflammatory reactions after injury.In this review,we aim to discuss the core role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and crosstalk with the rest of glia and their subcategories in the remyelination process.Activated astrocytes influence proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells,while activated microglia alter remyelination by regulating the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury.Understanding the interaction between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the rest of glia is necessary when designing a therapeutic plan of remyelination after spinal cord injury.
