Seasonal and annual variations of marine sinking particulate flux during 1993 ~ 1996 in the central South China Sea

A total of 67 samples from the upper and lower sediment traps in the central South China Sea were analyzed, which were collected during 1993 ~ 1996. It is indicated that the distribution of stable isotope values, surface primary productivity, fluxes of total particulate matter, carbonate, biogenic opal, organic carbon, planktonic foraminiferal species and their total amount exhibit obviously seasonal and annual fluctuations. High values of the fluxes occurred in the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons, and the low values occurred during the periods between the two monsoons. The fluxes of some planktonic foraminiferal species （ Globigerinoides sacculifer , G. ruber , Globigerinita glutinata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei ） and their percentages also exhibit two prominent peaks during the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons respectively, while those of Globigerina bulloides, Globorotalia menardii and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata only exhibit one peak in the prevailing periods of the northeastern monsoon. In addition, fluxes and percentages of Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globorotalia menardii as well as the fluxes of carbonate and total amount of planktonic foraminifera decrease gradually from 1993 to 1996, and those of Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata and biogenic opal increase gradually from 1993 to 1996. The fluxes of carbonate and organic carbon in the upper trap are higher than those in the lower one. The study indicates that the seasonal and annual variations of the sediment fluxes and planktonic foraminiferal species are mainly controlled by the changes of surface primary productivity and hydrological conditions related to the East Asian monsoon. The lower carbonate and organic carbon fluxes in the lower trap are related to the dissolution.

Characteristics of seismic reflections in central region of the South China Sea and their geological significance

More than 4 000 km 48-channel seismic reflection data from the central region of the South China Sea have been interpreted. Five seismic interfaces have been distinguished, named T1, T2, T4, T6 and Tg respectively Meanwhile, five seismic sequences numbered I - V have been divided with the ages of Quaternary and Pliocene, Later Mocene, Earlier and Middle Miocene, Oligocene and Pre- Oligocene separately. Sequences I-II overlie all parts of the area. In the continental slope and island slope, Sequences III-V are mainly found in the grabens. Sequence III is found at moot profiles of the deep-sea basin, and Sequnce IV is seen not only at the margins of the east subbasin but also at the margins of the southwest subbasin. Strong reflection from Moho is found at most profiles of the deep-sea basin. The depth of Moho varies between 10 and 12 km, with a thickness of 6- 8 km for the crust. Calculated by age-basement depth correlation formula, the age of basaltic basement in the southwest subbasin is 51-39 Ma. It is indicated that the evolution of the southwest subbasin is simultaneous with or earlier than that of the east subbasin.

Distribution of chlorophyll a, photosynthesis and their relations to the environmental factors in the Central South China Sea

Some studies have been made on the variation of primary productivity in the Central South ChinaSea. This paper studies comprehensively the characteristics of chlorophyll a distributions in time andspace and the primary productivity, as well their relations to the environmental factors.Materals and methods During the comprehensive investigation in the Central South China Sea from September 1983 toDecember 1984, the distributions of chlorophyll a and primary productivity were studied. Figure 1shows the sampling stations and their range of investigation.

Geology and hydrocarbon accumulations in the deepwater of the northwestern South China Sea——with focus on natural gas

The deepwater of the northwestern South China Sea is located in the central to southern parts of the Qiongdongnan Basin （QDN Basin）, which is a key site for hydrocarbon exploration in recent years. In this study, the authors did a comprehensive analysis of gravity-magnetic data, extensive 3D seismic survey, cores and cuttings, paleontology and geochemical indexes, proposed the mechanism of natural gas origin, identified different oil and gas systems, and established the model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the deep-water region. Our basin tectonic simulation indicates that the evolution of QDN Basin was controlled by multiple-phased tectonic movements, such as Indochina-Eurasian Plate collision, Tibetan Uplift, Red River faulting and the expansion of the South China Sea which is characterized by Paleogene rifting, Neogene depression, and Eocene intensive faulting and lacustrine deposits. The drilling results show that this region is dominated by marine- terrestrial transitional and neritic-bathyal facies from the early Oligocene. The Yacheng Formation of the early Oligocene is rich in organic matter and a main gas-source rock. According to the geological-geochemical data from the latest drilling wells, Lingshui, Baodao, Changchang Sags have good hydrocarbon-generating potentials, where two plays from the Paleogene and Neogene reservoirs were developed. Those reservoirs occur in central canyon structural-lithologic trap zone, Changchang marginal trap zone and southern fault terrace of Baodao Sag. Among them, the central canyon trap zone has a great potential for exploration because the various reservoir- forming elements are well developed, i.e., good coal-measure source rocks, sufficient reservoirs from the Neogene turbidity sandstone and submarine fan, faults connecting source rock and reservoirs, effective vertical migration, late stage aggregation and favorable structural-lithological composite trapping. These study results provide an important scientific basis for hydrocarbon exploration in this region, evidenced by the recent discovery of the significant commercial LS-A gas field in the central canyon of the Lingshui Sag.

Evolution of Cenozoic sedimentary architecture in Central and Southern South China Sea basins

The Central and Southern South China Sea(CSSCS) has a complex tectonic dynamic background and abundant oil and gas resources, which has always been a hot topic of academic and industrial attention.However, systematic analyses are still lacking regarding its sediment filling structure and evolution, mostly due to limited borehole penetration and poor quality of seismic reflection data for deeply buried sequences. No consensus has been reached yet on the sedimentary infilling processes, which impeded the reconstruction of the palaeogeography of Southeast Asia and the oil-and-gas exploration undertakings. Here, we illustrate the Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the CSSCS region by synthesizing relevant data from previous literature and our own observations and displaying the evolution of depositional systems in sequential reconstructions. Besides, the controlling factors of preferred sedimentary scenarios in the CSSCS incorporate the latest interpretations of the spreading of South China Sea(SCS) as well as the demise of the hypothetical Proto-South China Sea(PSCS). The results show that there are three types of sedimentary basins in the CSSCS(foreland,strike-slip, and rift basins) with different sedimentary filling structures. The foreland basins formed a depositional pattern of ‘transition from deep water to shallow water environments', dominated by deep-water depositional systems which were formed before the Early Oligocene with submarine fans developed. Later,the foreland basins were gradually dominated by shallow-water depositional systems with deltas and shallow marine facies. The strike-slip basins showed the depositional architecture of ‘transition from lake to marine environments', i.e. the basins were dominated by lacustrine deposits during the Eocene and evolved into the marine depositional environment since Oligocene with delta developed in the western part of the basin. The depositional evolution of rift basins illustrated the characteristics of 'transition from clastic to carbonate deposits', i.e., the rift basins were dominated by Eocene-Oligocene shallow marine clastic depositional systems, while carbonate platforms started to develop since the Early Oligocene from east to west. The above-mentioned differences of depositional architecture in the CSSCS were controlled by the scissor-style closure of the PSCS and the progressive-style expansion of the SCS. Specifically, the early-period deep-water sedimentary environment of CSSCS basins was controlled by the distribution of PSCS in the Eocene. As the scissor-style closure of PSCS progressed from west to east during the Oligocene to Early Miocene, the northwest of Borneo continued to rise, providing a great number of clastic materials to the basins and gradually developing large-scale deltas from west to east. The distribution of early-period lacustrine sedimentation of strike-slip basins was affected by paleo uplift, and the basins transgressed from the northeast and gradually evolved into marine sedimentary environment due to the expansion of SCS. The expansion of SCS also controlled the sedimentary filling evolution of the rift basins, which broke away from the South China continent and drifted southward. Thus, the rift basins lacked the supply of terrigenous clastic sediments which hindered the development of large-scale deltas and formed a clear water environment conducive to the development of carbonate platforms from east to west.

Siliceous microplankton fluxes and seasonal variations in the central South China Sea during 1993-1995: monsoon climate and ? Nino responses

Seasonal variations of radiolarian and diatom fluxes in the central South China Sea during 1993-1995 were overwhelmingly controlled by monsoon climate. Radiolarian and diatom increased obviously during the Northeast (from November to February) and Southwest (from June to September) monsoons and decreased during the periods between the monsoons. The change of circulation driven by the monsoons improved water exchange in the different areas that brought rich nutrient materials for the surface microplankton, thereby enhancing radiolarian and diatom fluxes. Variation of radiolarian flux coincided with organic carbon flux, surface primary and export productivities. High radiolarian flux corresponded to high surface primary productivity. Radiolarian and diatom fluxes raised abnormally during 1994-1995 could be attributed to the El Nino event during the period.

Difference in full-filled time and its controlling factors in the Central Canyon of the Qiongdongnan Basin

Based on the interpretation of high resolution 2D/3D seismic data, sedimentary filling characteristics and full- filled time of the Central Canyon in different segments in the Qiongdongnan Basin of northwestern South China Sea have been studied. The research results indicate that the initial formation age of the Central Canyon is traced back to 11.6 Ma （T40）, at which the canyon began to develop due to the scouring of turbidity currents from west to east. During the period of 11.6-8.2 Ma （T40-T31）, strong downcutting by gravity flow occurred, which led to the formation of the canyon. The canyon fillings began to form since 8.2 Ma （T31） and were dominated by turbidite deposits, which constituted of lateral migration and vertical superposition of turbidity channels during the time of 8.2-5.5 Ma. The interbeds of turbidity currents deposits and mass transport deposits （MTDs） were developed in the period of 5.5-3.8 Ma （T30-T28）. After then, the canyon fillings were primarily made up of large scale MTDs, interrupted by small scale turbidity channels and thin pelagic mudstones. The Central Canyon can be divided into three types according to the main controlling factors, geomorphology-controlled, fault-controlled and intrusion- modified canyons. Among them, the geomorphology-controlled canyon is developed at the Ledong, Lingshui, Songnan and western Baodao Depressions, situated in a confined basin center between the northern slope and the South Uplift Belt along the Central Depression Belt. The fault-controlled canyon is developed mainly along the deep-seated faults in the Changchang Depression and eastern Baodao Depression. Intrusion-modified canyon is only occurred in the Songnan Low Uplift, which is still mainly controlled by geomorphology, the intrusion just modified seabed morphology. The full-filled time of the Central Canyon differs from west to east, displaying a tendency of being successively late eastward. The geomorphology-controlled canyon was completely filled before 3.8 Ma （T28）, but that in intrusion-modified canyon was delayed to 2.4 Ma （T27） because of the uplifted southern canyon wall. To the Changchang Depression, the complete filling time was successively late eastward, and the canyon in eastern Changchang Depression is still not fully filled up to today. Difference in full-filled time in the Central Canyon is mainly governed by multiple sediment supplies and regional tectonic activities. Due to sufficient supply of turbidity currents and MTDs from west and north respectively, western segment of the Central Canyon is entirely filled up earlier. Owing to slower sediment supply rate, together with differential subsidence by deep-seated faults, the full-filled time of the canyon is put off eastwards gradually.

Tectonic subsidence of the Zhu I Sub-basin in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea

The Pearl River Mouth Basin, which is situated on the northern margin of the South China Sea, has attracted great attention not only because of its tectonic setting but also because of its abundant hydrocarbon resources. We have analyzed the Cenozoic tectonic subsidence history of 4 drilled wells and 43 artificial wells from the Zhu 1 Sub-basin of the Pearl River Mouth Basin by back-stripping, using newly interpreted seismic profiles. We also calculated the average tectonic sub- sidence rates of the four sags in the Zhu 1 Sub-basin. The rifting and post-rifting stages are separated by abrupt changes in the tectonic subsidence curves and average subsidence rates. In the eastem sags of the Zhu 1 Sub- basin, tectonic subsidence started to slow at ca. 30 Ma, compared with ca. 23.8 Ma in the western sags. This probably corresponds to the timing of break-up and suggests that tiffing in the Pearl River Mouth Basin ended earlier in the eastern sags than in the western sags. Anomalously accelerated tectonic subsidence occurred at 17.5-16.4 Ma during the post-tiffing stage, with average subsidence rates as high as 301.9 m/Myr. This distin- guishes the Pearl River Mouth Basin from classical Atlantic passive continental marginal basins, which demonstrate exponentially decaying post-rift tectonic subsidence.

FEATURES OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PARTS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION

The gravity and magnetic survey lines of about 13,500 km were carried out in the centraland northern parts of the South China Sea from 1977 to 1978. The results obtained showthat the Bouguer gravity and magnetic anomalies have a tendency to increase gradually theirvalues from the northern continental shelf, through the slope, to the central abyssal basin of theSouth China Sea. The change in free-air gravity anomaly values coincides to a certain degreewith the undulation of the sea-bottom topography. The primary factor determining regionalvariation of the Bouguer gravity anomayl values is the Moho depth. The main factor deter-mining the magnetic anomly values is the nature of the basement rock. The high magnetieand Bouguer gravity anomaly values observed in some fault basin areas are inferred to becaused by draping the basic and ultrabasic magma extruding along the faults on the basementof the metamorphic rock,or by intrusion of the same magma into the basement.

Sedimentary evolution of the Central Canyon System in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

This study elucidates sedimentary evolution history of the Central Canyon System(CCS),a large axial submarine canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),northern South China Sea.Thegeomorphological characteristics and infill architectures of the CCS are summarized based on theanalysis of two-and three-dimensional seismic data.Based on a comparative analysis of the CCS indifferent segments and evolutionary stages and in consideration of the tectono-sedimentary conditionsof the QDNB four stages of the sedimentary evolution of the CCS can be divided,i.e.initialdevelopment stage in the Late Miocene(11.6-5.7Ma),erosion-infilling stage in the Early Pliocene(5.7-3.7 Ma),tranquil infilling stage in the Late Pliocene(3.7-1.81 Ma),and rejuvenation stage sincethe Pleistocene(1.81 Ma to present).In the 1ate Middle Miocene(~11.6 Ma),the rudiment of CCswas developed by a regional tectonic transformation in the eastern part of the basin.In the EarlyPliocene,the CCS was further developed from west to east and restrained in the central depressionbelt of the basin due to abundant sediment supplies from the northwestern and northem provenances,the blocking effect of the southern uplift belt,and the restrictive geomorphological features of theeastern part of the basin.In the Late Pliocene,changes in the sedimentary environment resulted in thedevelopment of the CCS in the eastern part of the basin only.Since the Pleistocene,the joint action ofclimatic factors and geomorphological features of the eastern part of the basin led to the rejuvenationof the CCS.

深水中大型气田滚动勘探技术体系与成效——以琼东南盆地中央峡谷A边际气田为例

为了促进琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水A边际气田开发,引入目标搜索研究、目标评价研究、目标钻探研究等完整气田滚动勘探技术体系。A边际气田目标搜索除利用传统的区带油气潜力目标搜索技术外,提出评价过程目标搜索技术,共搜索了5个油气潜力区块,并优选A4构造进行油气目标评价。从圈闭解释与落实、圈闭烃类检测两方面对A4构造油气成藏主控因素开展研究。A4构造中部预测优势含气区具有强振幅属性、低密度、低速度、低纵波阻抗、低纵横波速度比等有利含气信息特征,总体为Ⅲ类AVO异常,且能够升级HL_0气组控制天然气地质储量,部署滚动探井A4-1井实施钻探,在黄流组钻遇气层超20 m,莺歌海组二段钻遇可疑气层近10 m,获得天然气探明地质储量近30亿立方米,钻探效果好。滚动勘探研究在深水A边际气田的应用,不仅有效地促进了A边际气田后续滚动勘探活动,而且证实了滚动勘探同样适用于深水油气勘探。

拜登政府涉南海小多边机制对东盟中心地位的影响

拜登政府执政以来,美国通过推进小多边机制建设强化介入南海问题力度,使得印太地区小多边合作呈繁荣态势。拜登政府的南海政策继承了特朗普政府的核心逻辑,与此同时,在小多边机制的合作深度、安全战略谋划和军事力量运用等方面均有了新的变化和发展。一方面,拜登政府新建立系列小多边安全机制,如美英澳三边安全伙伴关系、美日澳菲四方安全合作机制、美日菲三边安全合作机制等;另一方面,全面升级美日印澳四方安全对话机制、深化美日韩和美日澳三边关系等旧有小多边安全机制。拜登政府涉南海小多边机制建设,一定程度上冲击了“东盟中心地位”的多边主义规范,影响东盟中心地位的机制效果,还削弱东盟中心地位影响力。尽管美国试图构建小多边安全机制围堵中国,但是合作内容重叠、成员参与意图和意愿不一等将限制相关小多边机制作用的发挥。

南海北部琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系沉积演化

基于琼东南盆地二维和三维地震资料,对中央峡谷体系的形态特征和内部充填结构进行了描述和解剖,指出中央峡谷体系的"分段性"和"多期次性"特征。通过对该大型轴向峡谷体系在不同部位和不同演化阶段的差异性对比,结合晚中新世以来琼东南盆地构造—沉积条件的变化,将琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系的沉积演化划分为4个阶段,分别是晚中新世的峡谷蕴育阶段、上新世早期峡谷的侵蚀-充填阶段、上新世晚期峡谷的平静充填阶段和更新世以来峡谷的"回春"阶段。研究表明,晚中新世早期(11.6 Ma)盆地东部的区域性构造变革事件促使了峡谷雏形的形成;上新世早期西北部和北部充足的沉积物供给、南部隆起的遮挡和东部地貌特征等因素控制了中央峡谷体系自西向东的发育,并将该峡谷限制在琼东南盆地的中央坳陷带内;上新世晚期沉积条件的变化,导致峡谷只在盆地东部发育;更新世以来的气候因素和盆地东部的地貌特征共同控制了中央峡谷体系在更新世的"再次繁盛"。

南海中部海域鸢乌贼耳石形态特征分析

根据2012年9月～10月于南海中部海域采集的鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）样本90尾,对其耳石形态特征及计量学参数进行了初步研究。结果表明,耳石样本具有明显的背区、侧区、吻区和翼区结构,背区小,侧区和翼区宽大,吻区长窄。南海中部海域鸢乌贼按照耳石形态的差异可分为3个不同的群体。耳石总长（total statolith length,TSL）、翼区长（wing width,WL）、最大宽（maximum width,MW）与胴长之间呈对数函数关系（P〈0.05）,吻区长（rostrum length,RSL）、背侧区长（dorsolateral length,DLL）与胴长之间呈线性函数关系（P〈0.05）。随着胴长的增加,耳石绝对尺寸逐渐增大,相对尺寸逐渐减小,耳石的形态结构比例基本不变,即背侧区长、侧区长、吻区长、翼区长同耳石总长之比基本保持一致,分别为48.05%、60.05%、35.44%和67.59%,其中侧区长、翼区长与耳石总长的比值随胴长增大而增加的趋势较为明显。

南海中部海域渔业资源时空分布和资源量的水声学评估

2014年3月~2015年2月对南海中部12°N^15°N、111°E^117°E海域进行了4次渔业资源声学调查,其中2014年3月~4月(春季)、11月~12月(秋季)和2015年1月~2月(冬季)利用"南锋"号船载双频分裂波束科学探鱼仪系统(Simrad EK60,38 k Hz、120 k Hz,挪威)进行探测,2014年7月~8月(夏季)利用便携式分裂波束科学探鱼仪(Simrad EY60,70 k Hz,挪威)进行探测。通过鱼类目标强度现场测定,使用回波积分法获得了调查海域内渔业资源的丰度密度空间分布的季节变动特征。结合夏季调查灯光罩网采样数据,分析了调查海域内评估对象种类组成并估算资源总量。结果表明,夏季共捕获鱼类18种,头足类2种,其中鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)为主要渔获种类,声学评估其资源量为2.36×106t,约占评估对象资源总量的73.19%。调查海域内单体目标强度均呈单峰状分布,且主要分布于-56.5^-41.5 d B,4次调查该海域范围内目标强度小于-71.5 d B的单体均分布于100 m以浅水层,而目标强度大于-20.5 d B的单体则均分布于100 m以深水层。

1993～1996年南海中部海洋沉降颗粒通量的季节和年际变化

通过对南海中部1993～1996年获得的浅层和深层时间系列沉积物捕获器的样品分析，发现了稳定同位素值、颗粒总通量、碳酸盐、生物蛋白石、有机碳、表层初级生产力、浮游有孔虫总通量和属种的分布存在明显的季节性变化，其通量都是在东北季风和西南季风盛行期出现高值，在季风转向期出现低值．浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides sacculifer，G．ruber，Globigerinita glutinata，Neogloboquadrina dutertrei等种的通量和相对百分含量也是在东北季风和西南季风盛行期都出现高值，但Globigerina bulloides，Globorotalia menardii和Pulleniatina obliquiloculata等种则在东北季风盛行期出现高值，分析还发现Globigerinoides sacculifer和Globorotalia menardii等种的通量和百分含量以及有孔虫总通量和碳酸盐通量等从1993到1996年存在下降趋势，而Globigerina，bulloides和Globigerinita glutinata的通量和百分含量以及生物蛋白石通量等在该期间显示为上升趋势，浅层捕获器样品中的碳酸盐和有机碳的通量比深层的高．研究表明海洋沉降通量和浮游有孔虫属种的季节和年际变化主要受与东亚季风相关的表层初级生产力和海洋水文条件变化所控制，深层捕获器样品中的碳酸盐和有机碳的通量低应与碳酸盐溶解作用有关。

2011年春季南海中南部海域灯光罩网渔业渔获组成的初步分析

根据2011年春季南海中南部海域灯光罩网渔业海上调查数据，对南海中南部海域灯光罩网渔获组成、主要鱼种的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，鸢乌贼（Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis）是南海中南部灯光罩网的主捕鱼种，占绝对地位，优势胴长组为110～130 mm；其他主要鱼种有长体圆！（Decapterus macrosoma）、黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacaes）、鲔（Euthynnus affinis）和鲣（Katsuwonus pelami）。运用相对重要性指数（IRI）作为鱼种优势度的度量指标，得出灯光罩网渔获优势种只有鸢乌贼一种，IRI 值高达19418.013（IRI≥1000），重要种有2种，长体圆！和黄鳍金枪鱼，IRI 值分别为176.731和175.703（1000﹥ IRI≥100）。灯光罩网是南海捕捞中上层鱼类的主要作业方式之一，发展前景好，应合理开发，实现南海渔业的更好发展。

南海北部古河流演变对欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理再造的启示

欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理演变包含了华南沿海中生代山脉的逐步消减与南海的逐步扩张形成等重大事件。南海北部始新统—下中新统"源-汇"路径研究发现,南海沉积物物源在该时期发生了巨大改变。在始新世和早渐新世,源自南海西部古隆起的"昆—莺—琼"河流系统向南海东部地区输送了大量沉积物,包括珠二坳陷在内的南海北部南侧大部分地区受南海西部物源的控制,仅在珠一坳陷接受来自华南大陆珠江的沉积物;晚渐新世,南海西部物源逐步被北部珠江物源取代;到早中新世,珠江来源沉积物全面越过番禺低凸起进入珠二坳陷,大量来自华南内陆的沉积物被珠江运输至南海盆地,"昆—莺—琼"古河流进一步萎缩,仅在南海西部琼东南盆地分布,并且由西向东沉积物源区昆嵩地块逐渐被海南岛取代。南海西部自晚中新世以来发育的中央峡谷正是该古河流的残余。南海新生代早期"昆—莺—琼"河流系统的发现及珠江演变过程的构建,对于深刻认识该地区新生代早期古地理特征、整个欧亚大陆东南缘的古地貌重建以及盆地的油气勘探均具有重要意义。

秋季南海中南部海域的一次灯光罩网探捕调查

文章根据2012年9月~10月灯光罩网探捕调查的数据,分析了秋季南海中南部海域罩网的渔场分布和主要渔获组成。根据相对重要性指数(IRI),鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)和鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)是优势种渔获,鲔(Euthynnus affinis)、扁舵鲣(Auxis thazard)和圆舵鲣(A.rochei)是重要种渔获,细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)和长体圆鲹(D.macrosoma)等是常见种渔获。鸢乌贼、金枪鱼类和圆鲹属是居前3位的渔获类群,分别占总渔获量的48.35%、48.33%和0.98%,其中小型金枪鱼类占比47.77%;渔获率区域差异明显,西中沙海域411.47 kg·h-1,南沙海域25.66 kg·h-1,中心渔场位于12°30'N^15°30'N、110°30'E^115°00'E海域。结果表明,秋季依然是南海外海深水区灯光罩网主要的作业渔汛期,除了鸢乌贼和大型金枪鱼类以外,还需要加强外海小型金枪鱼类和圆鲹属鱼类的调查研究。

南海中部海域秋冬季中层渔业生物群落结构的初步研究

根据2014年对南海中部海域秋冬季2个航次中层拖网调查数据,分析了中层渔业生物种类组成、优势种和多样性等群落结构特征。共鉴定中层渔业生物241种,其中鱼类196种、头足类21种、甲壳类24种,冬季的渔获种类高于秋季,但单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)略低于秋季。相对重要性指数(index of relative importance,IRI)结果表明,秋季IRI≥100的优势种群有25种,其中IRI≥500的优势种有5种,包括蝰鱼(Chauliodus sloani)、尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)、条带眶灯鱼(Diaphus brachycephalus)、日本乌鲂(Brama japonica)和条带多光鱼(Diplophos taenia);冬季IRI≥100的优势种群有26种,其中IRI≥500的优势种有3种,分别为典型刺虾(Oplphorus typus)、蝰鱼和太平洋帆乌贼(Histioteuthis pacifica)。秋冬季的IRI组成不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。以个体数计算的中层渔业生物丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数冬季高于秋季,但优势度指数是冬季低于秋季。以生物量计算的多样性指标中,冬季中层渔业生物丰富度指数和多样性指数高于秋季,而优势度指数和均匀度指数则低于秋季。利用数量生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC)方法分析南海中部海域中层渔业生物群落的状况,结果显示,秋季中层渔业生物群落处于较大干扰状况,冬季群落处于中等干扰状况。