Spatial Structure of Central Places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration, Jilin Province, China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.

Sensitivity Assessment and Optimization Strategy of Climatic Environment in Central Urban Area of Beijing

As one of the methods of urban environmental assessment,sensitivity assessment of urban climatic environment can accurately reflect the problem areas of current urban climate and built environment through visual means,and help cities to carry out sustainable transformation and renewal in the stock era to optimize the living environment.Taking the central urban area of Beijing as the research object,the sensitivity of climatic environment was evaluated by meteorological data and built environment element data.The results showed that the distribution of sensitive units showed a centrifugal radiation pattern of"high in the center and low in the periphery".Block units with high climate sensitivity were mostly concentrated in Xicheng District and Dongcheng District,accounting for 93%of the total number of units.Further research showed that complex built environment and lack of elements to regulate climatic environment were the main reasons for the poor local climatic environment in the region with high climate sensitivity.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of the remolding capacity,renewal potential and future development intensity of different grades of climate sensitive units was given.The results will provide scientific reference for urban renewal and reconstruction under climatic and environmental changes,so as to promote urban sustainable development and improvement of living environment.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Based on a Novel Adjusted Index and GEE: A Case Study of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China

It is crucial to investigate the urban agglomerations spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors for analyzing the urban spatial structure-functional division and promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.In this study,a novel vegetation-building-nighttime light-adjusted index(VBNAI)was established for rapid and effective mapping of urban construction land(UCL)in Central Plains Urban Agglomeration(CPUA),China during 2000–2020 based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Compared with traditional indices,VBNAI can significantly decrease the blooming effect,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)saturation,and soil background of nighttime light data.In addition,the urban expansion indices and standard deviation ellipse model were synthetically adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urban expansion.The gravity model and the geographically weighted regression model were employed to determine the spatial interaction forces and drivers of urban expansion,respectively.The results showed that the VBNAI index has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy to extract UCL with the overall accuracy of more than 91%.The UCL of CPUA had increased by 4489.84 km2 during 2000–2020 with the gravity center moving towards southeast continuously.From 2000 to 2010,the urban expansion was in a‘center-hinterland’pattern which had benefit from the favorable effect of the traffic shaft belt.During 2010–2020,the urban network structure had basically established.Urban expansion had been influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors,and the impact degree varied from region to region.This study could provide scientific references for facilitating the intensive utilization of urban resources and optimizing the spatial development pattern of urban agglomeration.

Study on the Strategy of Rural Industry Development in the Central China under the Background of Urban-Rural Integration

Taking the rural areas in the central China s the target,the representative achievements and difficulties faced by rural industries in the process of urban-rural integration were sorted out systematically in this article. In the new stage of development,it is necessary to adjust the development strategy,focus on tapping the rural characteristic industries,accelerate the upgrading of agricultural products,aim at market demand,and implement multi-channel marketing strategies to expand the influence of agricultural brands. The government must actively promote the integration of urban and rural industries and the development of division of labor,actively cultivate and develop rural characteristic industrial clusters,and encourage farmers to explore various types of rural industrial models.

An Overall Urban System: Integrating Central Place Theory and Urban Network Idea in the Greater Pearl River Delta of China

Following a half century of popularity, central place theory experienced 20 years of neglect when the new urban system theory of network modeling gained attention at the beginning of the 1990s. However, central place theory remains valid, and it seems there has been a reemergence with it. Using the Greater Pearl River Delta (Greater PRD) as an experimental study region, this paper intends to present an empirical study that validates central place theory and shows that it can be integrated into an overall regional urban system. The study uses the compound Central Place Importance (CPI) to evaluate whether there is a hierarchy among the urban centers within the study area. The results indicate the existence of a hierarchy. Furthermore, empirical observation finds distinct complementarity relationships, rank-size distributions, and co-operative actions between the different cities, thus substantiating the claim that central place theory can be incorporated into an overall regional urban system. Besides, the presence of the densely distributed modern infrastructure system also appears to constitute a dimension of the overall urban system. There need further theoretical and empirical studies in order to support this proposition.

Research on Urban Agricultural Scientific Development Path of the Construction of Central Economic Region

The significance of developing characteristic agriculture in Central Economic Zone was elaborated from four aspects of three modernizations coordinated development,guaranteeing city supply of agricultural products,creating more jobs for farmers,making agriculture more significant. The existing problems in urban agriculture development were analyzed,such as understanding deviation,extensive development,market confusion,short industrial chain,low degree of specialization,harsh environment. Several corresponding countermeasures were put forward,including giving full play to the role of government's macro-control; perfecting compensation mechanism of urban agriculture,developing characteristic agriculture,promoting deep processing of agricultural products; advancing scientific innovation,improving production efficiency;operating sustainable ecological agricultural development road; relying on traffic advantage,promoting industrialization operation and urban agricultural logistics development.

Materializing the “Urban Region” Concept by Integrating Ecological Networks and Central Place Theory

This paper attempts to integrate urban development and ecological conservation by applying and syncretizing the “urban region” concept from landscape ecology and the “city-region” concept from socioeconomics. First, various concepts pertaining to regions are discussed and then, the integration of ecological conservation and urban development on a regional scale is introduced. Subsequently, the Greater Pearl River Delta, in China, is used as a case study area and landscape ecology’s “urban region” concept is applied to produce a landscape spatial arrangement framework for an urban region. This framework is achieved through the following steps: conceiving the study area as a region that consists of two urban regions, arranging ecological conservation landscapes by establishing a regional ecological network within the urban-region rings;and formulating an urban development strategy using central place theory. The resulting landscape spatial arrangement solution includes natural protection areas that cover half of the study area, several key strategic urbanizing locations, and suggestions for the strict protection of certain agricultural land-use areas. We believe that this framework facilitates a feasible exploration of land-use planning on a regional scale, although more in-depth studies are required to refine this approach.

2000-2020年滇中城市群不透水面时空动态演变及驱动力分析

[目的]揭示滇中城市群不透水面时空动态演变特征及驱动力机制,进而为制定滇中城市群规划和发展策略提供理论参考。[方法]利用2000—2020年滇中城市群GISD 30 m不透水面数据,运用不透水面动态度、标准差椭圆、象限分析法和地理探测器等空间分析方法揭示了不透水面时空变化规律及驱动力机制。[结果](1)时间演变:近20年滇中城市群不透水面整体扩展速率呈现下降—上升—下降的波动趋势,年均扩展速率为66.77 km^(2)/a,年均动态度达4.36%,不透水面的动态度呈现不断下降趋势。近20年来,滇中城市群不透水面面积扩大了1402.2 km^(2),增长率高达91.5%。(2)空间演变上:近20年滇中城市群不透水面扩展各个城市空间差异较大,其中昆明市不透水面扩展较多,楚雄彝族自治州扩展面积较少。各城市群总体上朝南部—东南部方向扩展,迁移重心基本稳定。(3)近20年来滇中城市群不透水面的扩展具有明显的方向性,总体向东北—西南方向扩展。其中2005年标准差椭圆面积最大,不透水面开始高速扩张,20年来不透水面重心变化较为稳定,整体一直保持向南迁移,总体变化相对较小。(4)从不透水面的驱动机制分析,人口因素对其扩展的影响显著,而LAI、坡度、降水、温度以及NDVI等因素对不透水面扩展的影响不显著。人口和其他因素之间的交互作用强度明显强于其他因素之间的交互作用。[结论]近20年以来滇中城市群不透水面不断扩展,对城市群的资源环境承载力和国土空间格局产生巨大影响,为此应加强不透水面空间优化布局,为实现滇中城市群高质量跨越式发展提供有力支撑。

国家中心城市人口协同发展模式及效能类型探究——基于七次全国人口普查数据的分析

基于协同理论的分析框架,在七次全国人口普查数据的基础上,采用改进引力模型、社会网络分析方法,从关系协同、地位协同和圈层协同的视角对城市群人口协同发展与国家中心城市效能类型的关系进行研究,发现竞合力、主导力和聚合力共同构成城市群人口高效协同的三维支撑体系。非中心城市的竞合力是城市群提升人口潜力的关键。尽管国家中心城市在城市群人口系统从旧结构向新结构演化的过程中发挥着决定性作用,但京津冀、长三角、珠三角城市群的其他城市对国家中心城市的人口引力作用相对更强,非中心城市对城市群活力的影响值得重视。中心城市的主导力是城市群实现人口跃迁的关键。国家中心城市在城市群发展过程中的集聚作用突出且呈现持续增强态势,在从弱主导走向强主导的演化过程中,国家中心城市经济实力是其重要支撑。城市网络的聚合力是城市群优化人口格局的关键。在与城市群其他城市之间的圈层关系中,国家中心城市保持较高的子群内部密度、形成稳定的凝聚态势是城市群辐射能力的重要体现。基于“三力”研究,建议“任务面向型”城市积极引导产业和人口有序分流、避免人口过度集中,提升城市群人口发展的协同效能;“成长面向型”城市加快培育非中心城市的发展能力,提升城市群整体的伺服效能;“关系面向型”城市加强与其他中心城市之间的分工协作,改善城市群整体的自组织机制效能。

上海市中心区居住空间组织网络模式及测度——整合物质和社会空间的复杂网络分析

住宅区是城市建成地区的主要功能空间。选择上海市中心城为研究范围,采用复杂网络理论和分析方法,以住宅区为网络“节点”,以空间邻近性和社会互动为网络“连边”,建构居住空间网络,分析测度居住区“度”分布,检验居住空间网络的鲁棒性,并识别网络“社团”。发现城市居住空间网络稳定性意味着和谐、顺畅的社会交往和信息传递,其中大“度”节点住宅区发挥着重要作用,应予以重点关注。居住空间网络“社团”识别的结果对解读城市地域认同有借鉴意义。结论为建立“物质空间”和“社会空间”相融合的城市住宅区空间结构研究提供了新的思路和方法,同时对大都市建成区单元规划和空间更新有借鉴意义。

滇中城市群碳储量时空演变及其对LULC变化的响应

[目的]通过分析滇中城市群碳储量的时空演变特征及其对土地利用/覆被(land use/land cover,LULC)变化的响应,以深化对该区域碳循环的理解,从而有效地指导碳管理和生态恢复策略的制定。[方法]利用InVEST和PLUS模型模拟并预测1990—2030年滇中城市群碳储量的时空演变规律,结合土地覆被变化数据,定量分析碳储量与LULC变化之间的响应关系。[结果](1)1990—2020年滇中城市群的土地类型主要以林地、耕地和草地为主,林地、耕地和建设用地呈增长趋势,其中建设用地增幅最大;(2)滇中城市群碳储量呈现出“先增后减,逐渐趋于平稳”的变化特征,2000年达到最高值,为1.46×10^(9)t,到2020年下降到1.45×10^(9)t,空间上呈“西高东低”的分布特征;(3)未来不同发展情景下的碳储量预测显示,与2020年相比,4个情景到2030年碳储量均呈下降趋势,其中生态发展情景下降最少,相比2020年下降0.43×10^(7)t,而耕地发展情景下降最为显著,相比2020年下降1.05×10^(7)t;(4)耕地和林地间的转变是影响碳储量的主要因素,其中耕地向林地的转换对滇中城市群碳储量增加尤为关键,林地增加可显著提升区域碳储量,而草地减少则对碳储量产生负面影响。[结论]林地和耕地转换对增加或降低滇中城市群碳储量具有显著影响。

大型城镇集中安置区搬迁移民生计资本组合对家庭收入影响机理的实证研究

易地搬迁移民已成为防止规模性返贫的重要群体。当前,搬迁移民面临着就业市场风险增大,生计资本存量减少以及家庭增收困难等现实问题,优化移民生计资本内部结构,发挥生计资本间的组合效应,提升生计资本组合对移民家庭收入的贡献作用是解决上述问题的重要途径。学界当前与易地搬迁相关的研究多聚焦分析移民生计资本对家庭总收入的作用机制,较少基于结构功能理论视角,从实证层面探讨生计资本组合对家庭不同收入来源的影响及其相互作用机制。本文以贵州省大型城镇集中安置区移民为研究对象,首先测算移民家庭生计资本,分别采用OLS和分位数回归分析生计资本与家庭收入之间的作用机理,然后采用多元线性回归模型测算生计资本间的互补效应和替代效应,构建了移民家庭收入与生计资本组合之间的矩阵分析模型,分别应用tobit和logit回归进行实证检验,并剖析了不同维度下不同生计资本组合对不同类型收入的影响。研究结果表明:(1)移民生计资本总量有助于提升家庭收入水平。在后搬迁时代,自然资本对家庭收入的边际贡献最小,而社会资本对家庭收入呈现负向影响。(2)五大资本中的人力资本与自然资本、物质资本、社会资本以及金融资本之间存在着普适性互补效应,金融资本与社会资本间存在替代效应。(3)互补性生计资本值越大,移民家庭工资收入和财产收入越高;互补性和替代性资本量均较低的家庭主要以获得转移性收入维持生计。

基于“三生空间”的生态环境效应演变研究——以重庆市中心城区为例

为探究区域土地利用转型下的生态环境效应演变规律,基于重庆市中心城区2000~2020年土地利用遥感监测数据,结合气泡图谱、生态贡献率、地理探测器等方法进行研究。结果表明:重庆市中心城区以生产和生活空间为主;生产和生态空间重心均位于南岸区,生活空间重心位于江北区;2000~2020年,生活空间范围不断扩张,面积增加376.42km^(2),生产空间面积减少374.70km^(2),生态空间面积总体变化不大;研究区生态环境质量水平呈现“中间低四周高”的空间分布特征,低质区以都市核心区为中心逐年向四周扩散,农业生产空间转换为工矿生产空间是导致该区域生态环境不断恶化的主要土地利用转移类型;自然和经济因素是影响研究区生态环境质量的主要因素,且经济因素的影响作用逐渐增强。

SOME EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES OF CENTRAL PLACE MODEL IN CHINA'S RURAL AND URBAN STUDIES

At the beginning of the 1980s, the Central Place Theory(CPT) was introduced into China from the West. The authors of this article are the initiators of applying this model to China's urban and regional planning as well as to the allocation of commercial activities. Since the commodity economy has been developing in China for thousands of years,most of the areas in eastern plains and inland basins of the country show the spatial structure of typical central places scene. During some six years, the authors participatd in a lot of rural, urban and regional planning projects in which the spatial phenomena and relevant internal mechanism proved this medel and its deformation. This paper gives only a few examples of the application of CPT in China. 1. The distribution of rural markets: the empirical study is based mainly on the situation in Shengfang Town and its vicinal area, 2. The spatial combination of urban Systems; problems about city allocation in North China are emphasized, 3. Commercial centres in city and the networks: a crucial study on commercial distribution of the metropolis Beijing is done by using the central place model.

APGS系统支持下的高密度城市的中心城区闲置空间再利用研究——以上海徐汇区湖南路街道为例

文章通过分析以上海为代表的高密度城市的中心城区存在的空间不足问题,提出通过闲置空间再利用拓展公共空间。针对闲置空间再利用过程中的多方利益冲突问题,引入建筑策划群决策方法与APGS系统。以上海徐汇区湖南路街道为例对闲置空间的现状、特点展开分析,得出决策主体、决策对象,通过信息采集和系统分析,输出闲置空间再利用策略。

欧洲难民城市融入政策研究——以华沙、马拉加、塞萨洛尼基和米兰市为例

2015年欧洲爆发难民危机至2022年俄乌冲突再次引发大规模难民浪潮以来,欧洲各国中央和地方政府在难民融入政策上展开较长时间的博弈,欧洲难民城市融入政策已成为影响欧洲政治生态的热门话题。接收难民较多的华沙市、马拉加市、塞萨洛尼基市和米兰市在难民城市融入政策实施中成为欧盟难民基层治理的代表,它们基于当地治理结构,以有限资源在政治紧张的空间内运作并解决难民带来的各种问题,其细分难民群体、加强市域协同合作、推行多方利益主体合作战略、合作制定融合服务内容等实践为应对欧洲难民浪潮带来的持续性挑战提供重要启示。

城市群协同立法的困境与出路——以中原城市群为例

城市群区域协同立法是推动区域高质量发展的重要力量。从实践来看,城市群协同立法存在现实困境,主要体现在立法引导缺失、资源利用效率低、缺乏有效的立法协调组织机构和核心城市辐射能力不足等方面。本文借助系统论理论,通过强调法治的引领和规范作用,构建法律与政策之间的协调机制,促进资源共享和交流合作,坚持民主立法原则并建立跨区域监管和执行机制等具体措施,以增强区域系统的意识,形成协同效应,从而促进城市群协同立法的更好发展。

基于语义分析法的城市街景色彩感知评价与优化研究

为探究使用者对哈尔滨市中央大街现状色彩的感知评价情况,该文运用语义分析法这一采用“语言”方式对公众进行心理测评的定量分析工具,结合街景图像、色卡软件、数理分析软件作为记录和分析色彩样本的基础工具对其开展问卷调查与研究。研究结果表明,受访者对中央大街街区的街景色彩总体持正面评价,对色彩视觉感知体验更好,空间感知体验最差,对经过系统色彩设计、风格鲜明的街道评价更高。依据以上结果,从总体色彩构成、一般街道品质提升和空间感知强化等方面提出了街景色彩优化策略。

中原城市群文化软实力综合评价及空间分异研究

基于文化吸引力、文化展示力、文化传播力、文化创新力、文化事业投入力和文旅融合力6个维度构建文化软实力评价指标体系,运用空间分类、核密度分析、空间自相关等方法,分析中原城市群文化软实力的空间特征并解析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)从综合实力差异看,高、较高文化软实力城市数量少且主要分布在核心区,中等实力城市仅有3个,半数城市为低和较低实力。空间上具有明显的东西差异,西半壁呈现以郑汴为引领的中心外围格局,东半壁则表现为亳州、阜阳引领的极化特征,且在东西半壁之间形成聊城至驻马店的低值连绵带。(2)从分维度空间差异看,文化吸引力子系统、文化展示力子系统与综合实力格局类似,而文化事业投入力子系统呈现“西北高、东南低”的格局。此外,文化传播力子系统、文化创新力子系统呈现与前3个子系统完全不同的格局,表现为以郑汴为核心的低值包围高值的分布结构。(3)从空间集聚和关联看,中原城市群分别围绕郑州和亳州形成了“一主一副”的双核集聚态势,且主核区附近形成了显著的高-高集聚群。其中,文化吸引力子系统与综合实力的集聚格局基本一致,文化展示力子系统的集聚在郑州减弱而在亳州得到加强,文化传播力子系统和文化创新力子系统仅在中部形成集聚核心,文旅融合力子系统则在综合格局的基础上在东南部形成两个集聚核心。(4)从影响因素看,市区GDP对城市文化软实力的影响最强,第三产业增加值次之,交通设施、科教文卫单位数和城镇化率的影响作用不明显。

中心城市人口集聚对外围城市人口增长的影响--基于多尺度城市体系视角探析

在城市体系视角下,城市人口规模呈现典型的“中心-外围”空间结构特征。中心城市人口集聚对外围城市人口增长既存在虹吸效应,也存在溢出效应,其具体结果取决于集聚力和扩散力的动态平衡,因而有必要基于多尺度城市体系视角进行考察,探索城市人口有序增长和城市体系合理优化的可行路径,为考察城市体系下城市间人口增长的空间效应提供有益参考,实现“大中小城市协调发展”的城市化战略。本研究利用中国1990—2020年城市面板数据,基于全国、省域和城市群层面的多尺度城市体系构建包含空间效应的计量模型,实证探讨中心城市人口集聚对外围城市人口增长的影响效应及地理范围。研究表明:第一,不同层面中心城市人口集聚对外围城市人口增长均存在显著的虹吸效应,经过更换因变量、更换估计方法和补充遗漏变量等一系列稳健性检验后结果仍然显著。第二,在全国和省域城市体系下,国家和省域中心城市人口集聚对东部县级市人口增长具有溢出效应,而对其他类型城市人口增长具有虹吸效应,且对内陆地级市的虹吸效应明显高于东部地级市;此外,国家中心城市人口集聚对高等级城市的虹吸效应最大。第三,在城市群城市体系下,长三角和珠三角城市群的中心城市人口集聚对外围城市人口增长具有显著的溢出效应,而京津冀、长江中游和成渝城市群存在显著的虹吸效应。第四,外围城市人口增长还会受到地理距离影响,加入地理距离后的模型回归结果显示中心城市人口集聚虹吸效应的地理范围主要在250公里范围之内,且呈现随着距离增加而递减的态势。为促进外围城市人口增长,既要科学认识中心城市的虹吸效应,注重发挥中心城市的溢出效应以释放其人口规模集聚红利;也需要外围城市主动融入城市体系,与中心城市建立较强的空间联系,以积极承接中心城市产业人口转移;此外,还需要重视外围城市自身经济、产业和财政等因素对其人口增长的促进作用,并加快构建城市体系内高效快捷的综合交通运输网络体系,最终形成区域城市人口协调发展格局。