Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea:their distribution,speciation and sources

The semi-enclosed Bohai Sea has received large amount of pollutants from surrounding rivers and sewage channels along the densely populated and industrializing Bohai coasts,as well as the offshore oil exploration in the sea.The concentrations of heavy metals copper,cobalt,nickel,zinc,lead,chromium and cadmium in 25 surface sediment samples from the central Bohai Sea are obtained by ICP-MS analysis.The speciation of these heavy metals is extracted and their distribution,fractionation,pollution status and sources are presented.High concentrations of copper,cobalt,nickel,zinc and chromium are found in the sediments off the coastal area of the Bohai Bay and the central Bohai Sea mud,while high concentrations of cadmium and lead are found in the sediments in the whole study area.The residual fraction is the dominant form of copper,cobalt,nickel,zinc and chromium in the surface sediments,while cadmium and lead have large proportions in the nonresidual fractions.The ecological risk assessment shows that the sediments in the study area are unpolluted with respect to the heavy metals of cobalt,nickel and chromium and unpolluted to moderately polluted with respect to copper,zinc,cadmium and lead.Cobalt,nickel and chromium mainly have natural origin and their concentrations significantly vary with the composition of the sediments.The contents of copper,zinc,lead and especially cadmium in sediments are suggested to be influenced by pollutants of human activities.The heavy metals in the surface sediments at most sampling stations are mainly come from the Huanghe River; the heavy metals in the sediments in the northernmost part of the study area are significantly affected by the sediment from the Luanhe River; while in the Bohai Bay and the central region they were affected by the sediment from the Haihe River and aerosol deposition.

Burial fluxes and sources of organic carbon in sediments of the central Yellow Sea mud area over the past 200 years

Long-term changes of composition, sources and burial fluxes of TOC （total organic carbon） in sediments of the central Yellow Sea mud area and their possible affecting factors are discussed in this paper. Firstly, similarity analysis is employed to confirm that the carbon burial features resulted from two collected cores are typical in the central Yellow Sea mud area where YSWC （Yellow Sea Warm Current） is prevalent. On this basis, the burial flux of TOC here was considered to be 235.5-488.4 pmol/（cm^2.a） since the first industrial revolution, accounting for about 70%-90% among burial fluxes of TC （total carbon） in the sediments. Compared TOC/TC ratio in the two cores with that in other marine sediments worldwide, we suggest that the growth of calcareous/non-calcareous organisms and dissolution of IC （inorganic carbon） are important factors controlling the TOC/TC ratio in sediment. Results of two-end mixed model based on fi13C data indicate that marine-derived organic carbon （OCa） is the main part among total burial organic carbon which accounts for a ratio over 85%. Due to the high TOC/TC ratio in the two cores, TC in the sediments also mainly exists as OCa, and the proportion of OCa is about 60%-80%. Away from the shore and relatively high primary production in upper waters are the main reasons that OCa is predominant among all burial OC in sediments of the central Yellow Sea mud area. Burial of OC in this mud area is probably mainly influenced by the human activities. Although the economic development during the late 19th century caused by the first industrial revolution in China did not obviously increase the TOC burial fluxes in the sediments, the rise of industry and agriculture after the founding of new China has clearly increased the TOC burial flux since 1950s. Otherwise, we also realize that among TC burial fluxes, TIC account for about 10%-30% in sediments of the central Yellow Sea mud area, so its burial could not be simply ignored here. Distinct from TOC burial, long-term TIC burial fluxes variations relate with climate changes more closely： the East Asian summer monsoon may influence the strength of the Huanghe River （Yellow River） flood, which could further affect the transport of terrestrial IC from land to the central Yellow Sea as well as the burial of these IC in the sediments.

The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin.

Petroleum geological characteristics and exploration targets of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System

Based on seismic,drilling,and source rock analysis data,the petroleum geological characteristics and future exploration direction of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System(CWARS)are discussed.The study shows that the Central African Rift System mainly develops high-quality lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,and the West African Rift System mainly develops high-quality terrigenous organic matter-rich marine source rocks in the Upper Cretaceous,and the two types of source rocks provide a material basis for the enrichment of oil and gas in the CWARS.Multiple sets of reservoir rocks including fractured basement and three sets of regional cap rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,the Upper Cretaceous,and the Paleogene are developed in the CWARS.Since the Late Mesozoic,due to the geodynamic factors including the dextral strike-slip movement of the Central African Shear Zone,the basins in different directions of the CWARS differ in terms of rifting stages,intervals of regional cap rocks,trap types and accumulation models.The NE-SW trending basins have mainly preserved one stage of rifting in the Early Cretaceous,with regional cap rocks developed in the Lower Cretaceous strata,forming traps of reverse anticlines,flower-shaped structures and basement buried hill,and two types of hydrocarbon accumulation models of"source and reservoir in the same formation,and accumulation inside source rocks"and"up-source and down-reservoir,and accumulation below source rocks".The NW–SE basins are characterized by multiple rifting stages superimposition,with the development of regional cap rocks in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene,forming traps of draping anticlines,faulted anticlines,antithetic fault blocks and the accumulation model of"down-source and up-reservoir,and accumulation above source rocks".The combination of reservoir and cap rocks inside source rocks of basins with multiple superimposed rifting stages,as well as the lithologic reservoirs and the shale oil inside source rocks of strong inversion basins are important fields for future exploration in basins of the CWARS.

Cattle Feed Resource,Water Sources and Housing System in the Central Rift Valley of Oromia Regional State,Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jidokombolcha(ATJK),Bora,Dodola,Shala and Negele-Arsi districts with objective to assess main cattle feed resources,water sources and housing systems.A pre-tested,semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct survey.About 240 respondents were identified using random sampling techniques.Collected data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software(Ver.24).Study result indicates that household in average had three hectares of land and allocated about two hectares of land for crop cultivation.Most respondents reported that cattle herding is not common during dry season while it is common during wet season.Survey result indicate that natural pasture,weed and maize tiller and stored crop residues are main feed resources in wet season while crop after math,crop residue and fodder trees are main resources during dry season.Brackish,local mineral and common salt are mineral sources for cattle in study areas.Lake,river and boreholes are important water sources in dry season where as ponds and rivers are main water sources during wet season for their cattle.The observed cattle watering frequency is mainly once a day.Housing system practiced in the study areas is mainly Kraal.The information generated from this study on land size per household,cattle herding system,feed resources,mineral sources,water sources,water utilization and housing type can be used as a baseline for any livestock development programs in those and similar areas.

Influence of medium components on elastase production using crude sources by Bacillus sp.EL31410

A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with h igh elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium opt imizat ion, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crud e carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of co rn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fracti onal factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzy me production, and central composite experimental design and response surface me thodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bra n and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results s howed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had neg ative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wh eat b ran and 9.4%(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme pr oduction in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimiz ed medium composition was also described.

Measuring the Accessibility of Safe Drinking-water： From Millennium Development Goals Experience to Sustainable Development Goals Prospects

The access to safe drinking-water is a global priority for sustainable development, as it has been recognized within the MDGs （Millennium Development Goals）. Although the MDG’s target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water was met in 2010, the measurement method of the monitoring and evaluation indicator used ignored certain elements including the quality of water that should be underlined. Starting with a review of drinking-water and improved water source concepts, this study examines the limitations of measuring access to safe drinking-water in the context of the MDGs, and learns from the lessons to ensure a better performance in achieving the SDGs （Sustainable Development Goals）.

Late Paleozoic alkaline magmatism in Western Transbaikalia,Russia:Implications for magma sources and tectonic settings

This paper presents the results of geochronological(40Ar-39Ar,U-Pb SHRIMP Ⅱ),petrological and geochemical studies of the Late Paleozoic complexes of alkaline rocks(Zimovechinsky,Tuchinsky and Koma) located within the Vitim Plateau(the western part of the Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt).The rocks were formed at 310-280 Ma.It is coeval with Late Paleozoic magmatism within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The εNd(T) values show large variations from-2.1 to +3.3 as well as the initial Sr(I) isotopic ratios from 0.7042 to 0.7138,that demonstrate strong isotopic heterogeneity of the magmatic source.The geochemical characteristics of the rocks show pronounced positive Pb and negative Ti,Zr-Hf anomalies that can be explained by involvement of the subducted component in primary melts.The rocks intruded in a setting of extension at the active continental margin of the Siberian Craton during subduction of Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic crust under the Siberian Craton.

中西非裂谷系富油凹陷石油地质特征与勘探方向

基于地震、钻井、烃源岩测试分析等资料,对中西非裂谷系主要盆地富油凹陷石油地质特征进行研究,并探讨未来油气勘探方向。研究表明:中非裂谷系发育下白垩统湖相优质烃源岩,西非裂谷系发育上白垩统陆源海相优质烃源岩,两类烃源岩为中西非裂谷系油气富集提供了物质基础。中西非裂谷系发育包括基岩在内的多套储集层,并存在下白垩统、上白垩统和古近系3套区域盖层。晚中生代以来,受中非剪切带右旋走滑作用等地球动力学因素的影响,中西非裂谷系不同方向的盆地在裂谷作用期次、区域盖层发育层段、圈闭类型及成藏模式等方面存在差异。其中,北东—南西向盆地主要保存了早白垩世一期裂谷层序,区域盖层位于下白垩统裂陷期地层内,形成反转背斜、花状构造及基岩潜山等圈闭类型,发育“源储一体、源内成藏”及“源上储下、源下成藏”两种成藏模式;北西—南东向盆地具有多期裂谷叠置特征,发育上白垩统和古近系区域盖层,形成披覆背斜、断背斜、反向断块等圈闭类型,以“源下储上、源上成藏”为主要成藏模式。多期叠置裂谷盆地的源内成藏组合、强反转盆地的源内岩性油藏及页岩油是中西非裂谷系盆地未来勘探的重要领域。

准噶尔盆地中央坳陷西部下二叠统风城组天然气勘探潜力与重点领域

基于准噶尔盆地中央坳陷西部下二叠统风城组烃源岩有机地球化学、天然气组分和稳定碳同位素组成等分析数据,结合区域沉积环境与生烃演化模拟实验,评价风城组烃源岩的生气潜力,刻画规模有效源灶分布,厘定天然气成因来源,优选有利勘探领域。结果表明:(1)风城组为1套倾油型烃源岩,但滞留液态烃有利于晚期裂解成气,具有生气潜力大、晚期规模成藏的特点;(2)风城组烃源岩最大厚度可达900 m,盆1井西凹陷和沙湾凹陷已进入规模生气阶段,生气强度大于20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2)的面积约6 500 km^(2);(3)环中央坳陷西部发现的碳同位素组成较轻的天然气主要为来自风城组烃源岩的高熟油型气,其他则为来自于石炭系煤系烃源岩的煤成气;(4)中央坳陷西部天然气勘探需重点关注源边构造型、源边地层型、源内页岩气型和源内构造型4种类型的有利勘探领域,其勘探潜力值得期待。

中亚地区2001-2020年250 m及2020年30 m分辨率植被生长季NDVI数据集

中亚地区是北半球最大的干旱和半干旱区,其生态环境十分脆弱,对全球气候变化的响应较为敏感。由于该区域的特殊地理位置,维护该区域生态系统的稳定对全球经济社会发展至关重要。植被具有重要的生态环境指示作用,其时空分布格局和变化趋势是评估区域生态状况的重要指标。归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)作为研究植被最常用的遥感指数之一,能够表征植被的时空变化特征。本数据集利用MODIS13Q1产品生成了中亚地区2001–2020年长时间序列空间分辨率为250 m的生长季均值NDVI数据,并使用基于规则的分段回归Cubist算法,结合Landsat数据,融合得到了能够更好表征地物细节的30 m空间分辨率的2020年生长季均值NDVI数据。同时,本数据集从数据源的质控,模型训练优化,以及模型独立验证三个方面对数据产品进行质量控制,以确保数据的精度和可靠性。本数据集的生成为中亚地区植被动态变化和空间格局的分析提供了有力的数据支持。

地下立交互通匝道集中排烟效果研究

针对两端连接主隧道的互通匝道火灾烟气控制问题,依托南京建宁西路曲线A匝道工程,借助数值模拟软件FDS,研究HRR为30 MW下纵向诱导风速、排烟口尺寸及火源位置对顶部集中排烟效果的影响。结果表明:火源位于匝道中部,诱导风速为1.0 m/s时恰好保证烟气不发生“跨区蔓延”,诱导风速为1.5 m/s、排烟量为150 m^(3)/s时,控烟效果更好;匝道内烟气蔓延范围随排烟口尺寸增大而减小,当排烟口长宽比为4、面积为6 m^(2)时,匝道内烟气控制效果较好,系统整体排烟效率大于98%;排烟口长宽比不变时,拱顶最高温度随排烟口面积增大而降低;排烟口面积不变时,拱顶最高温度随排烟口长宽比增大而升高。火源位于匝道上游或下游时,排烟风量至少需增大至210 m^(3)/s,诱导风速需作针对性优化。

基于分层事件触发的混合微电网集中控制策略

针对混合微电网集中控制对中央控制器依赖严重、通信需求量大、扰动调节能力差的问题,提出一种微电网中央控制器(microgrid central control,MGCC)参与的分层事件触发控制策略,有效降低分布式集群的冗余通信并减少中央控制器计算负担,改进策略可靠性。该策略将控制系统分为2层,其中,设备层为本地控制层,采用分布式协同控制,所设计的本地控制器可就地控制更新输出状态,实现混合微电网的分散自治运行;另外,在控制层建立微电网控制层,引入事件触发策略,协调MGCC获取混合微电网的全局信息,从而向本地控制器发出预定义的调控指令,实现“源网荷储”灵活调度,尤其是应对突发事件而引发的电网振荡。最后,采用Matlab搭建混合微电网模型并进行仿真,利用Stateflow模块实现了事件触发算法,验证控制策略在满足并网/孤岛模式可靠性、稳定性的前提下,系统通信量可降低56.4%。

基于决策树算法的冷冻水系统优化运行研究

以四川省成都市某办公建筑空气源热泵中央空调系统为研究对象,针对冷冻水系统制定夏季供冷工况下变冷冻水供水温度与变冷冻水流量相耦合的优化运行策略。首先依据运行数据确定出建筑负荷的主要影响因素;其次结合影响因素依据建筑负荷建立决策树算法,将系统运行工况分为7类;最后整理出每种分类工况下空调系统能效COPsys的分布情况,并以COPsys最高时对应的冷冻水供水温度和冷冻水泵设定频率作为该工况下最佳设定参数。结果表明:以上一年度的运行条件为基准,使用该运行策略在保证室内环境舒适度要求的前提下,夏季可以节约33%左右的电量,有效提升了中央空调系统的运行效率。

3-D velocity structure in the central-eastern part of Qilianshan

The 3-D velocity tomography image of the central-eastern part of Qilianshan is obtained by the joint inversion of 3-D velocity structure and focal parameters based on the S-P data of micro-earthquakes recorded by the digital seismic network set up for a Sino-French cooperation program since 1996. The inversed velocity structure does primarily reflect some important features of the deep structure in the region and provide the scientific background for the further study of active tectonic structure and the calculation of earthquake parameters.

内蒙古中部干热岩地热资源成因机制研究

内蒙古中部地区处于板块结合部位,经历了多期构造活动和岩浆活动,浅层水热型地热资源丰富,但对其深部干热岩地热资源仍缺少深入研究。基于区域地质与构造背景、大地电磁探测结果与地热异常显示,系统探讨内蒙古中部地区干热岩地热资源成因机制与地球动力学过程,建立干热岩成因模式。研究表明:内蒙古中部地区深层干热岩型地热资源的热源主要为深部局部熔融体和残余高温岩浆囊,热流通道包括板块缝合带、区域深大断裂带及其交汇部位、次级断裂及塑性流变韧性剪切带等壳内薄弱层;干热岩储层主要为新生代基性侵入岩,即辉绿岩和辉长岩体,被高温岩浆和侵入体加热的花岗岩类也可作为研究区潜在干热岩储层;干热岩区域性盖层为白垩系、新近系和第四系沉积地层。西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通板块之间的大陆碰撞、拼合,形成易于破坏的碰撞带,晚中生代-新生代以来的古太平洋板块对华北板块的西向俯冲作用,导致岩石圈底部熔融,岩石圈伸展、减薄,地幔软流圈热物质上涌,并伴随强烈的新生代断裂与断陷活动,共同导致晚中生代-新生代岩浆、火山活动强烈。内蒙古中部地区存在3种聚热模式:Ⅰ.新生代辉绿岩、辉长岩储层高温干热岩系统,为研究区优势干热岩储层;Ⅱ.新生代以前花岗岩储层中高温干热岩系统,为潜力干热岩储层;Ⅲ.浅部碎屑岩、花岗岩或变质岩储层水热系统,为浅层水热型优势储层。内蒙古中部地区浅部高温水热型地热系统与深部干热岩地热系统存在同源共生关系,浅层高温异常区的圈定对于深部干热岩的发现具有重要的指示意义。

煤矿集中开采区地下水重金属污染特征及来源分析

以江西萍乡煤矿集中开采区作为研究区域,运用Pearson相关性分析、地统计插值法、主成分分析法(PCA)、正定因子矩阵分解法(PMF)等对研究区地下水中Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb等7种重金属元素的相关性、空间分布特征进行分析,并对其来源进行解析。结果表明:研究区地下水中Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr等元素表现为强变异程度,As表现为中等变异程度;重金属空间分布呈现东南低、西北高的特点,污染区域呈面状、片状或斑块状分布特征;PCA和PMF解析结果表明,地下水重金属受工业企业排放、煤矸石淋溶、地质成因、养殖场加油站排放等4种来源影响,主要来源为工业企业排放和煤矸石淋溶。

24h全日集中空气源热泵热水系统贮热水箱容积的分析探讨

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