Difference between grid connections of large-scale wind power and conventional synchronous generation

In China, regions with abundant wind energy resources are generally located at the end of power grids. The power grid architecture in these regions is typically not sufficiently strong, and the energy structure is relatively simple. Thus, connecting large-capacity wind power units complicates the peak load regulation and stable operation of the power grids in these regions. Most wind turbines use power electronic converter technology, which affects the safety and stability of the power grid differently compared with conventional synchronous generators. Furthermore, fluctuations in wind power cause fluctuations in the output of wind farms, making it difficult to create and implement suitable power generation plans for wind farms. The generation technology and grid connection scheme for wind power and conventional thermal power generation differ considerably. Moreover, the active and reactive power control abilities of wind turbines are weaker than those of thermal power units, necessitating additional equipment to control wind turbines. Hence, to address the aforementioned issues with large-scale wind power generation, this study analyzes the differences between the grid connection and collection strategies for wind power bases and thermal power plants. Based on this analysis, the differences in the power control modes of wind power and thermal power are further investigated. Finally, the stability of different control modes is analyzed through simulation. The findings can be beneficial for the planning and development of large-scale wind power generation farms.

Industrial Arrangement of Large-scale,Non-grid-connected Wind Power Industrial Zones in Coastal Areas of China

Constructing an industrial system for a large-scale,non-grid-connected wind power industry is a key step towards the diverse utilization of wind power.However,wind power exploitation is not only a technical challenge but an industrial problem as well.The objective of this study is to introduce a concept of large-scale,non-grid-connected wind power(LSNGCWP) industrial zones and establish an evaluation model to assess their industrial arrangement.The data of wind energy,industry,nature resources and socio-economy were collected in this study.Using spatial overlay analysis of geographic information system,this study proposes a spatial arrangement of the LSNGCWP indus-trial zones in the coastal areas of China,which could be summarized as the 'one line and three circles' structure,which will contribute to the optimization of the industrial structure,advance the wind power technology,coordinate the multi-industrial cooperation,and upgrade the industrial transformation of China's coastal areas.

A Steady State Voltage Stability Analysis of Wind Power Centralized System

It is significant to research the voltage stability of the wind power centralized system (WPCS) for the effective development of the large scale clustering wind energy resources. A steady state voltage stability analysis of the WPCS by employing the PV curve and model analysis is proposed to reveal the voltage stability influence from different aspects. The PV curve is utilized to trace and indicate the voltage collapse point of the WPCS when the small disturbance of wind power is increased gradually. Then the steady state voltage instability modes of the WPCS are analyzed by calculating the bus participation factors of the minimum eigenvalue model at the collapse point. The simulation results of an actual WPCS in North China show that the static state voltage instability mode of the WPCS is closely related to the operating features and control strategies of different reactive power sources. In addition, the implementation of the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine generator voltage control is beneficial to improve the WPCS voltage stability.

Design of Large-Scale Prestressing Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines

The key in the force transmission between the tower and the foundation for offshore wind turbines is to transfer the large moment and horizontal loads. The finite element model of a large-scale prestressing bucket founda- tion for offshore wind turbines is set up and the structural characteristics of the arc transition structure of the founda- tion are analyzed for 40-60 channels(20-30 rows) arranged with prestressing steel strand under the same ultimate load and boundary conditions. The mechanical characteristics of the key parts of the foundation structures are illus- trated by the peak of the principal tensile stress, the peak of the principal compressive stress and the distribution areas where the principal tensile stress is larger than 2.00 MPa. It can be concluded that the maximum principal tensile stress of the arc transition decreases with the increasing number of channels, and the amplitude does not change signifi- cantly; the maximum principal compressive stress increases with the increasing number of channels and the amplitude changes significantly; however, for the distribution areas where the principal tensile stress is larger than 2.00 MPa, with different channel numbers, the phenomenon is not obvious. Furthermore, the principal tensile stress at the top of the foundation beams fluctuantly increases with the increasing number of channels and for the top cover of the bucket, the principal tensile stress decreases with the increasing number of channels.

Providing Frequency Support of Hydro-Pumped Storage to Taiwan Power System with Wind Power Integration

The combination of wind and pumped storage is a useful method to compensate the fluctuation of wind power generation, which would exploit the abundant wind potential and increase wind power penetration. Taiwan Power Company (TPC) develops renewable energy actively in recent years. Moreover, TPC has started planning a high penetration wind power system and building offshore wind farms around the coast of Zhangbin, Yunlin and Penghu. The target of the offshore wind power installed capacity is up to 3 GW by 2025. However, the integration of the large scale of wind power would give huge challenges to the system operator because wind is randomly characterized. In this study, after high penetration wind power is integrated, the impacts of system frequency and the dispatch of conventional units will be discussed. Additionally, the hybrid system combing wind power with pumped-storage will be planning to reduce the effect of system frequency.

海上平台集中式制氢技术研究进展

随着风电制氢技术的成熟,各国逐渐将目光聚焦在海上平台制氢。将风能与氢能相结合,是海上风电和氢能发展的双赢举措。本文通过对国内外海上集中式制氢平台发展现状的调查及对不同电解槽特点的比较,找出更适合海上集中式风电制氢的质子交换膜电解技术。针对管线系统、管线附属系统及储氢系统进行研究,分析了氢气对临氢设施的影响,总结了其研究现状,并为我国进一步发展该产业提出建议。

集中绕组模块组合式定子结构对低速大功率永磁电机性能影响

针对集中绕组模块组合式定子结构对低速大功率直驱永磁同步电机性能的影响进行研究。首先介绍了模块化定子的分块规则和分块数。基于绕组函数法推导了单个定子单元模块在不同拆分方式下的绕组函数和电感表达式。基于有限元仿真先分析了仅绕组分块对电机性能影响;然后分析了冲片和绕组都分块对电机性能影响。通过对比空载和负载性能,总结出各种定子模块化拆分方案的优缺点,为大功率低速直驱永磁同步电机的模块化设计与制造建立了基础。

Projected near-surface wind speed and wind energy over Central Asia using dynamical downscaling with bias-corrected global climate models

Wind energy development in Central Asia can help alleviate drought and fragile ecosystems.Nevertheless,current studies mainly used the global climate models(GCMs)to project wind speed and energy.The simulated biases in GCMs remain prominent,which induce a large uncertainty in the projected results.To reduce the uncertainties of projected near-surface wind speed(NSW)and better serve the wind energy development in Central Asia,the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with bias-corrected GCMs was employed.Compared with the outputs of GCMs,dynamical downscaling acquired using the WRF model can better capture the high-and low-value centres of NSWS,especially those of Central Asia's mountains.Meanwhile,the simulated NSWS bias was also reduced.For future changes in wind speed and wind energy,under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5(RCP4.5)scenario,NSWS during 2031-2050 is projected to decrease compared with that in 19862005.The magnitude of NSwS reduction during 2031-2050 willreach 0.1 m s^(-1).and the maximum reduction is projected to occur over the central and western regions(>0.2 m s^(-1)).Furthermore,future wind power density(WPD)can reveal nonstationarity and strong volatility,although a downward trend is expected during 2031-2050.In addition,the higher frequency of wind speeds at the turbine hub height exceeding 3.0 m s^(-1)can render the plain regions more suitable for wind energy development than the mountains from 2031 to 2050.This study can serve as a guide in gaining insights into future changes in wind energy across Central Asia and provide a scientific basis for decision makers in the formulation of policies for addressing climate change.

区域风电场群集中式功率预测系统设计

为实现对区域风电场群集中式功率的准确预测,提出并设计了一种适应性强、维度高的预测模型。首先,通过AHP分析法发现影响区域风电场群集中式功率预测系统的五个必要因子;然后,构建预测评估模型得到其设计附加值的数据构建状态空间模型;接着,将该状态空间模型在人工智能的数据空间中进行部署并加以神经网络训练;最后,对这一预测系统模型进行实证验证,发现其数据吻合度较高。该预测模型可以用于对区域风电场群集中式功率进行预测,具有较广泛的应用价值。

新能源电站数字化建设路径

新能源电站数字化是其大规模投运的基本要求。为解决运维及生产管理中技术人员投入时间长、专业要求高等问题,提出一种新能源电站数字化建设路径,以增强场站运维技术,强化集控运行管理,巩固片区维护基础。该路径可针对性地解决当前新能源发展中的痛点、难点,对于可再生能源发展具有良好的促进作用。

Compensating active power imbalances in power system with large-scale wind power penetration

Large-scale wind power penetration can affect the supply continuity in the power system.This is a matter of high priority to investigate,as more regulating reserves and specified control strategies for generation control are required in the future power system with even more high wind power penetration.This paper evaluates the impact of large-scale wind power integration on future power systems.An active power balance control methodology is used for compensating the power imbalances between the demand and the generation in real time,caused by wind power forecast errors.The methodology for the balance power control of future power systems with large-scale wind power integration is described and exemplified considering the generation and power exchange capacities in2020 for Danish power system.

Collaborative Planning of Distributed Wind Power Generation and Distribution Network with Large-scale Heat Pumps

With the advancement of clean heating projects and the integration of large-scale distributed heat pumps into rural distribution networks in northern China,power grid companies face tremendous pressure to invest in power grid upgrades,which bring opportunities for renewable power generation integration.The combination of heating by distributed renewable energy with the flexible operation of heat pumps is a feasible alternative for dealing with grid reinforcement challenges resulting from heating electrification.In this paper,a mathematical model of the collaborative planning of distributed wind power generation(DWPG)and distribution network with large-scale heat pumps is developed.In this model,the operational flexibility of the heat pump load is fully considered and the requirements of a comfortable indoor temperature are met.By applying this model,the goals of not only increasing the profit of DWPG but also reducing the cost of the power grid upgrade can be achieved.

Probabilistic load flow method considering large-scale wind power integration

The increasing penetration of wind power brings great uncertainties into power systems,which poses challenges to system planning and operation.This paper proposes a novel probabilistic load flow(PLF)method based on clustering technique to handle large fluctuations from large-scale wind power integration.The traditional cumulant method(CM)for PLF is based on the linearization of load flow equations around the operation point,therefore resulting in significant errors when input random variables have large fluctuations.In the proposed method,the samples of wind power and loads are first generated by the inverse Nataf transformation and then clustered using an improved K-means algorithm to obtain input variable samples with small variances in each cluster.With such pre-processing,the cumulant method can be applied within each cluster to calculate cumulants of output random variables with improved accuracy.The results obtained in each cluster are combined according to the law of total probability to calculate the final cumulants of output random variables for the whole samples.The proposed method is validated on modified IEEE 9-bus and 118-bus test achieve a better performance with the consideration of both traditional CM,2 m+1 point estimate method(PEM),Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)and Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)based MCS,the proposed method can achieve a better performance with the consideration of bothcomputational efficiency and accuracy.

一种海上风电站的录波集中运维管理系统

海上风电发展迅速,岸上集控中心与海上升压站及海上风力发电机组间的集电线路故障排查难、运维难度大的问题频繁出现,一种运用于海上风电站的录波集中运维管理系统应运而生。该系统远程采集海上故障录波装置的数据,以简洁的可视化图形界面展示海上升压站内系统电压、电流、频率、开关位置和跳闸信号的变化,搭配压缩算法保证运行数据和故障信息的历史调阅需求。录波集中运维管理装置是变电站重要的二次辅助设备,在调试、运维、故障处理环节发挥着重要作用,不仅可以运用在海上风电站,也可以在陆上风电站、分布式光伏发电站等场景使用,为变电站的稳定运行提供了安全保障。

海上风力发电集中系统稳态电压稳定分析

针对海上风力发电系统容易受到外界因素影响,难以精准地判断稳态电压运行状态的问题,设计一种海上风力发电集中系统稳态电压稳定分析方法。根据正切向量内部数据信息识别不同发电集中系统对电压数据的管理程度,抑制内部电压和电流并记录此时的频率值,设置相应的母线支路与变压器装置,控制电压负荷高低。分析发电系统电力输出功率与电压失稳状态瞬间数值,调整电压使其达到长期状态下的平衡点,增强整体系统的平衡点汇聚性能,时刻记录系统内部电压增幅震荡数值,通过数据获取不同时间段内的的稳定电压值。实验结果表明,当变压器出现故障时,故障持续时间仅为0.4 s,表明该文方法具有一定的调节能力,保持系统电压处于稳态。

风电功率跟踪的渐进随动本质与无通信的风电场集中变频原理

从变速恒频风电机组的降载提质增效控制目标入手,对3种基本MPPT控制下的功率跟踪能力、功率波动和轴系载荷进行分析,论证功率信号反馈控制与最优转矩控制的等价性,揭示二者本质上均属于内嵌风力机特性的渐进随动控制,阐明MW级机组变流控制不必要过分追求快速性的原因。分析表明渐进随动控制是MW级机组降载提质增效目标下的综合优选,机组巨大的转动惯量天然的为机组转速和有功功率引入10s以上的大时间常数低通滤波特性,是集中变频可行以及恒压频比控制满足发电机控制需求的依据。提出将功率信号反馈控制与转速开环恒压频比控制相结合构成集中变频换流站的有功–频率随动控制策略,省去换流站与风电场之间的高速通信。进一步提出一种适用于中远距离海上风电的新型风电系统方案——动态低频风电系统,具有潜在的低成本、高可靠和电网友好特性,经仿真验证可行。

风电企业电力集控中心网络信息安全技术

针对日益突出的电力行业信息网络安全问题,深入分析某风电企业电力集控中心信息化建设过程中存在的安全问题,并在此基础上提出了合理的防范对策,为风电企业电力集控中心信息化建设提供借鉴。

大型集群风电有功智能控制系统设计

分析了大规模风电接入甘肃电网对调度运行产生的影响,提出了风电有功功率控制的思路,介绍了大型集群风电有功智能控制系统的配置方案、系统功能、控制策略设计原则,以及控制系统与风电场之间的控制接口方案和控制方法。该系统已投入工程运行,使得各风电场的发电量普遍提高,取得了很好的控制效果,既保证了风能这一绿色能源得到有效开发和充分利用,又保证了电网的安全稳定运行。

风电汇集系统暂态电压安全分析及其控制策略

保障风电汇集系统(WPCS)的暂态电压安全对于风能资源的大规模集群式有效开发利用具有重要意义。首先,以"三北"地区某实际风电场群为研究对象,通过分析暂态故障运行状态下风电机组和无功补偿设备的动态响应特性,详细探讨了风电汇集系统暂态电压安全事故的主要成因和发展过程;在此基础上,提出了一种风电汇集系统暂态电压安全控制策略。仿真结果表明:通过协调双馈风电机组和静止无功补偿设备在暂态过程中的控制配合,能够减缓系统遭受大扰动后的电压波动,从而抑制由于无功过剩所引发的风电机组连锁脱网事故。通过采取文中所提的电压安全控制策略,可以有效提高大规模风电并网系统的安全稳定运行能力。

改善风电汇集系统静态电压稳定性的无功电压协调控制策略

针对风电场集群作为弱联接送端系统所面临的无功电压问题,研究了可应用于大规模风电汇集系统的静态电压稳定评价指标,并在此基础上提出了一种改善风电汇集系统静态电压稳定性的无功电压协调控制策略。该策略采用基于过滤集合的原对偶内点法求解多目标优化控制模型,通过协调控制风电场和汇集站内的多种无功电压调节设备,能够在满足中枢节点电压控制指令的同时均衡汇集系统的电压分布,提高动态设备的无功裕度,从而改善风电汇集系统的静态电压稳定性。对中国北方某实际风电汇集地区的仿真计算验证了所提控制策略的有效性。