EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HIGH-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS WITH DIFFERENT IMPELLERS

The experimental study is carried out on high-speed centrifugal pumps withthree different impellers. The experimental results and analysis show that high-speed centrifugalpumps with a closed complex impeller can achieve the highest efficiency and the lowest headcoefficient followed by those with half-open impeller and open-impeller, and can obtain much easilystable head-capacity characrastic curve, while those with a half-open complex impeller can't. Thecharacteristic curve with a open impeller is almost constant horizontal line before droppingsharply. The results also show that the axial clearance between pump casing and impeller caninfluence greatly on the performance of centrifugal pumps.

The Flow Simulation and Experimental Study of Low-Specific-Speed High-Speed Complex Centrifugal Impellers＊

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three-dimensional turbulent flow in four low-specific-speed centrifugal impellers are simulated numerically and analyzed. The relative velocity distribution, pressure distribution and static pressure rise at the design point are obtained for the regular impeller with only long blades and three complex impellers with long, mid or short blades. It is found that the back flow region between long-blade pressure side and mid-blade suction side is diminished and is pushed to pressure side of short blades near the outlet of impeller at suction side by the introduction of mid, short blades, and the size of back flow becomes smaller in a multi-blade complex impeller. And the pressure rises uniformly from inlet to outlet in all the impellers. The simulated results show that the complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can improve the velocity distribution and reduce the back flow in the impeller channel. The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump and a more-blade complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can effectively solve low flow rate instability of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump.

Statistical analysis of pressure fluctuations during unsteady flow for low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps

A three-dimensional transient numerical simulation was conducted to study the pressure fluctuations in low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps. The characteristics of the inner flow were investigated using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The distributions of pressure fluctuations in the impeller and the volute were recorded, and the pressure fluctuation intensity was analyzed comprehensively, at the design condition, using statistical methods. The results show that the pressure fluctuation intensity increases along the impeller streamline from the leading edge to the trailing edge. In the impeller passage, the intensity near the shroud is much higher than that near the hub at thc inlet. However, the intensity at the middle passage is almost equal to the intensity at the outlet. The pressure fluctuation intensity is the highest at the trailing edge on the pressure side and near the tongue because of the rotor-stator interaction. The distribution of pressure fluctuation intensity is symmetrical in the axial cross sections of the volute channel. However, this intensity decreases with increasing radial distance. Hence, the pressure fluctuation intensity can be reduced by modifying the geometry of the leading edge in the impeller and the tongue in the volute.

Optimization on the Impeller of a Low-specific-speed Centrifugal Pump for Hydraulic Performance Improvement

In order to widen the high-efficiency operating range of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, an optimization process for considering efficiencies under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd is proposed. Three parameters, namely, the blade outlet width b2, blade outlet angle β2, and blade wrap angle φ, are selected as design variables. Impellers are generated using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method. The pump efficiencies are calculated using the software CFX 14.5 at two operating points selected as objectives. Surrogate models are also constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the surrogate model to determine the best combination of the impeller parameters. The results show that the performance curve predicted by numerical simulation has a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the efficiencies of the original impeller, the hydraulic efficiencies of the optimized impeller are increased by 4.18% and 0.62% under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd, respectively. The comparison of inner flow between the original pump and optimized one illustrates the improvement of performance. The optimization process can provide a useful reference on performance improvement of other pumps, even on reduction of pressure fluctuations.

Effect of impeller reflux balance holes on pressure and axial force of centrifugal pump

The size of impeller reflux holes for centrifugal pump has influence on the pressure distribution of front and rear shrouds and rear pump chamber, as well as energy characteristics of whole pump and axial force. Low specific-speed centrifugal pump with Q=12.5 m3/h, H=60 m, n=2950 r/min was selected to be designed with eight axial reflux balance holes with 4.5 mm in diameter. The simulated Q-H curve and net positive suction head(NPSH) were in good agreement with experimental results, which illustrated that centrifugal pump with axial reflux balance holes was superior in the cavitation characteristic; however, it showed to little superiority in head and efficiency. The pressure in rear pump chamber at 0.6 times rate flow is 29.36% of pressure difference between outlet and inlet, which reduces to 29.10% at rate flow and 28.33% at 1.4 times rate flow. As the whole, the pressure distribution on front and rear shrouds from simulation results is not a standard parabola, and axial force decreases as flow rate increases. Radical reflux balance holes chosen to be 5.2 mm and 5.9 mm in diameter were further designed with other hydraulic parts unchanged. With structural grids adopted for total flow field, contrast numerical simulation on internal flow characteristics was conducted based on momentum equations and standard turbulence model(κ-ε). It is found that axial force of pump with radical reflux balance holes of5.2 mm and 5.9 mm in diameter is significantly less than that with radical reflux balance holes of 4.5 mm in diameter. Better axial force balance is obtained as the ratio of area of reflux balance holes and area of sealing ring exceeds 6.

叶顶间隙对低比转数小流量泵性能的影响

为建立叶顶间隙对低比转速小流量泵性能的影响关系,采用数值计算的方法,以叶顶间隙宽s和叶轮出口宽b的比值(s/b)表征间隙大小,对不同间隙下泵的性能展开对比分析。分析发现,随着间隙的增加,泵的扬程和效率均逐渐降低,最大和最小间隙下的扬程和效率差分别达15.4%,5.5%。当间隙较小即s/b<0.2时,扬程曲线在小流量工况会出现不稳定的“驼峰”现象,在s/b>0.3后,设计工况附近效率的降幅显著增大。从流动特性来看,随着叶顶间隙的增大,间隙泄漏流对叶轮内主流区影响加剧,会诱导严重的二次流和旋涡的产生,同时间隙内不稳定流动也会产生能量损失,造成扬程和效率下降。为低比转数小流量泵的设计与优化提供借鉴意义。

CAVITATING SUPPRESSION OF LOW SPECIFIC SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH GAP DRAINAGE BLADES

This paper aims to clarify the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap structure impeller based on the analysis of cavitation characteristics in a low specific speed centrifugal pump. In order to obtain reliable and consistent numerical results, some numerical considerations and modeling methodology were demonstrated and researched, and a check of the time and space resolution were also conducted. Hence the predicted cavitation performance of the two centrifugal pumps were investigated and compared with experimental results, and they were in qualitative agreement. It was confirmed that the new gap structure impeller has a very good characteristic of inhibiting cavitation, especially in large flow area, the present numerical method can effectively capture the major internal flow features in the centrifugal pump, through the comparison of the two type impeller flow fields, the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap impeller may be the combination effects of the small vice blade＇s guiding flow and gap tunnel＇s auto-balancing of pressure.

复合叶轮出口角及分流叶片偏置对高速燃油泵性能的影响研究

为研究叶轮出口角以及分流叶片布置方式对高速超低比转速燃油泵扬程和效率的影响规律,选取复合叶轮的4个因素,叶片出口角β_(2)、叶片数z、分流叶片周向偏置度θ和偏转角α,基于正交试验设计法设计16组不同参数及结构的复合叶轮,对正交试验结果进行极差分析后得出各因素对扬程和效率的影响规律以及主次顺序,并最终得到高速燃油泵复合叶轮的最佳设计方案。其次,基于CFD数值模拟对常规无分流叶片设计方案与最佳设计方案进行外特性及流场分析,结果表明:最佳方案的扬程和效率在整个模拟工况内均有所提升,其中在实际工况Q为0.5 m~3/h下扬程较常规方案提高了10.4%,效率提高了4.8%。除此之外,最佳方案实际工况下的内流场压力分布与速度分布更加均匀,有效削弱了叶轮流道内的大尺度旋涡以及间隙泄漏对主流的干扰作用。

基于MOP的低比转速离心泵优化设计研究

针对传统低比转速离心泵效率偏低的问题,提出一种实现低比转速离心泵快速和智能化优化方法。以IS 80-50-250型低比转速离心泵为研究对象,采用叶轮机械设计软件CFturbo提取叶轮子午流道和叶片型线控制点参数;利用最佳预测元模型(MOP)和梯度算法得到优化后的参数和三维模型;对优化前、后的水力模型进行CFD数值计算,通过试验验证了数值计算的准确性,并分析优化前、后水力模型性能和流态,验证了优化方法的可行性。结果表明:在设计工况下,通过优化方法得到优化泵的效率与数值计算得到的效率高度一致,说明该方法可以实现离心泵的优化设计,优化后泵的效率提升了2.86%,扬程提高了2.08 m,优化效果较为显著,且优化后泵内部流动得到了较为明显的改善。研究结果对提高离心泵的水力性能具有借鉴意义。

不同几何形状环形槽对高速诱导轮空化性能的影响

为进一步探究提升航空航天用高速离心泵空化性能的方法,研究环形槽几何形状对高速诱导轮空化性能的影响,设计了矩形、单曲率、双曲率3种不同几何形状的环形槽.使用原模型泵的外特性和空化性能试验验证了数值模拟方法的有效性,对不同方案进行数值模拟,分析不同几何形状环形槽对高速诱导轮离心泵空化性能、流道内能量分布以及诱导轮入口流态的影响.结果发现:在高速诱导轮上游设置环形槽可以降低泵的必需汽蚀余量,其中单曲率槽可以使离心泵的必需汽蚀余量降低得更多,为27.0%,双曲率槽和矩形槽分别使必需汽蚀余量降低14.7%和5.4%;环形槽可以减小叶顶间隙回流对上游主流的影响,诱导轮叶片上湍动能分布更加均匀,诱导轮流道内的压力明显提升;回流在单曲率槽中的过渡更为平滑而对周向旋涡的抑制作用较弱,矩形槽和双曲率槽吸收壁面旋涡的能力更强,可以削弱上游不对称涡向诱导轮流道的发展和影响.

采用分组模型的高比转速离心风机改进设计

为了提升某高比转速离心风机的气动性能,采用分组设计的方法,结合试验和数值模拟依次对原始风机的叶轮、蜗壳和集流器进行了改进设计。结果表明:叶轮前盘型线对高比转速离心风机的气动性能影响较大,仅对叶轮前盘型线改进设计后,风机的全压和效率分别提升了9.64%和8.91%;双圆弧叶片相较于单圆弧叶片具有更高的设计自由度,可实现对叶轮内部流动更加精细的控制,当双圆弧叶片的相对半径系数和相对叶片角系数分别取0.7和0.3时,全压效率值为87.43%;经过分组改进设计后的风机在设计工况下的全压和全压效率较原始风机分别提升了17.84%和12.79%,最高效率值为88.58%,内部流场得到优化,流动损失明显减小,性能得到全面提升。采用分组模型的改进设计方法可以有效地提升离心风机的气动性能,具有实际工程应用价值。

超高比转速离心泵的高效设计

为研究叶轮结构参数对提升n_(s)在300~450间的超高比转速离心泵设计点效率的影响,以某超高比转速单级单吸立式离心泵为研究对象,选取叶轮出口宽度b_(2)、叶片进口安放角β_(1)、叶片出口安放角β_(2)和叶片包角φ为试验因素,建立L_(9)(4~3)正交试验方案,在0.9Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况内对各方案模型进行数值计算,分析各因素对泵水力性能影响的主次顺序,进而得到叶轮结构尺寸的最佳参数组合。按照最佳尺寸优化叶轮,将优化后的泵外特性试验结果与原型进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)高效设计时超高比转速离心泵叶轮结构参数对效率影响的主次顺序为φ→b_(2)→β_(2)→β_(1),影响水力性能的主要因素为φ,以便指导超高比转速离心泵的高效设计;(2)确定了高效设计时叶轮结构参数的最优水平组合;(3)优化后泵设计点效率较原型提高约4.2%,高效区扩宽至0.75Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况,效率整体提升2.5%以上;(4) 0.75Q_(n)~1.2Q_(n)工况优化后泵轴功率与原型相比降低5.8%~15.8%,利于节能减排。

基于CFD-DEM的旋流泵混合颗粒固液两相流研究

为了探究折叶片旋流泵固液两相输送机理,基于CFD-DEM(Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method)耦合算法,选用油菜籽和黄豆颗粒等比例混合,在不同流量工况和体积分数下对旋流泵进行固液两相流数值模拟和试验研究。同时也研究了折叶片旋流泵内部流动规律及颗粒分布特征。小流量工况下,进口管内螺旋回流长度较长,对进口来流扰动较大。随着流量增大,进口管回流长度逐渐缩短。叶轮前端面旋涡随流量增大,数量先增加后减少,且逐渐向折点方向聚拢。泵内颗粒受循环流和贯通流的共同作用,进口管中心部颗粒主要受贯通流影响,直接穿过无叶腔,冲击叶轮进口;靠近管壁的颗粒受循环流影响较大。无叶腔内颗粒分布呈现出:中心部最高,中间部随外径增大浓度逐渐降低,外缘部浓度稍有上升。叶轮前半部颗粒数量明显少于叶轮后半部,颗粒沿叶片第1段折边运动,在折点处开始发生分离,不再跟随第2段折边。不同工况下,泵进口有不同程度的螺旋回流现象,导致进口过流面积减小。循环流的存在,使得无叶腔和进口管的颗粒充分旋起,泵送能力增强,不易发生堵塞。

自增压高速航空柱塞泵前置诱导轮及涡轮组件的设计与仿真

为减轻高速航空柱塞泵的空化现象,提出了一种带前置诱导轮及涡轮的自增压高速航空轴向柱塞泵结构。以0.3 MPa的增压值为目标,根据柱塞泵的工况参数以及边界条件确定了离心涡轮和诱导轮的参数,并通过流场数值仿真研究了有/无诱导轮以及不同诱导轮结构和参数对离心涡轮的水力性能和抗气蚀能力的影响。结果表明:增加诱导轮可使离心涡轮的抗气蚀能力增强48.5%,扬程提高3.4%;诱导轮几何参数的改变主要影响了离心涡轮的抗气蚀能力,三叶片诱导轮比四叶片诱导轮的抗气蚀能力强24.8%;圆锥形诱导轮比圆柱形诱导轮抗气蚀能力强14.7%;1 mm轮缘叶片厚度抗气蚀能力最强,比2 mm与3 mm分别增强了11.8%,31.1%。研究结果可为高速航空柱塞泵诱导轮涡轮组件的设计提供理论参考。

面向启动过程的高速离心泵转子系统瞬态分析

基于简化模型构建了高速离心泵转子系统的一维梁结构有限元模型,其中,轴承刚度采用经验公式进行建模。采用一维流体仿真软件Flomaster和Simulink联合仿真获取了泵在启动过程中转速和流量随时间的变化曲线,并将从Flomaster软件中获取的外特性数据加载到流场模拟软件CFX中对转子系统在启动过程中的叶轮部分进行流场分析,得出转子系统在启动过程中的轴向力和径向力随时间的变化曲线。然后,基于所得载荷-时间历程和有限元模型对转子系统进行瞬态分析,得到了高速离心泵转子系统在泵启动过程中各个节点及轴承处的动态响应,揭示了其瞬时响应变化规律。

基于正交试验的低比转数离心泵高效设计

为了研究叶轮结构参数对离心泵效率提升的影响,以某单级单吸立式离心泵(比转数n_(s)=40~60)为研究对象,选取叶轮出口宽度b_(2)、叶片数Z、叶片出口安放角β2和叶片包角φ为试验因素,建立L_(9)(4^(3))正交试验方案,在0.75Q_(d)~1.20Q_(d)(Q_(d)为额定流量)工况下进行各方案模型的数值计算,分析各因素对水力性能的影响,继而得到该泵叶轮结构的最佳参数组合.随后按照最佳尺寸修改叶轮,将优化后水泵外特性试验结果与原泵进行比较.结果表明:高效设计时,低比转数离心泵叶轮结构参数对效率影响程度由大到小依次为b_(2),β_(2),φ,Z,影响水力性能的主要因素为b_(2);确定了高效设计时叶轮结构参数的最优水平组合;优化后泵效率较原泵整体提高近2.85%,高效区扩宽至0.75Q_(d)~1.20Q_(d)工况范围;最后得到修正系数k′_(b_(2)),k′_(Z),k′_(φ),用于指导低比转数离心泵的高效设计.

一种轴向柱塞泵增速设计及特性分析

在自吸状态下,转速对液压泵吸油口处压力值有较大影响,吸油口处压力值的限定范围制约了液压泵转速的提升空间。为研究不同吸入口压力对轴向柱塞泵的影响情况,建立了斜盘式轴向柱塞泵流体域模型,分析得出在不同入口压力条件下泵的空化等情况。针对斜盘式轴向柱塞泵在低吸入口压力条件下使用所出现的空化等问题,提出一种采用离心泵为轴向柱塞泵进行吸油口压力补偿的集成式结构,根据使用需求设计离心泵叶轮及蜗壳,并将蜗壳集成于柱塞泵后盖。建立离心泵整体结构仿真模型,分析不同入口压力条件下离心泵出口的流动状态。最后结合试验数据得出,离心泵提高了轴向柱塞泵的吸入口压力,减少了泵内空化现象发生,进一步提高了轴向柱塞泵的使用转速。

分流叶片包角对低比转速离心泵固液两相非定常特性的影响

为了研究分流叶片包角对低比转速离心泵固液两相流动的影响。采用mixture多相流模型及ANSYS CFX软件对5组不同分流叶片包角的低比转速离心泵模型进行固液两相流动的数值模拟。探讨不同分流叶片包角的低比速速离心泵效率、扬程、静压分布、固相体积分数、径向力等的影响因素。结果表明:在清水条件下分流叶片包角φ=70°时,效率到达最高,在固液两相条件下效率均随分流叶片包角增大而降低;固体颗粒主要分布在叶片背面后侧,随分流叶片包角的增大,分流叶片上的固体颗粒逐渐向叶轮进口处扩散,主叶片上固体颗粒分布基本不变;分流叶片包角过大或者过小都不利于减小离心泵的压力脉动和径向力,存在最优分流叶片包角φ=70°。

基于CFD的低比转速高温浓硫酸液下泵水力性能预测及流场分析

为满足客户在高差地形输送硫酸的需求,嘉和科技研发了低比转速高扬程的JHB80-140型高温浓硫酸液下泵,该泵为单吸双级离心泵,具有低比转速离心泵的一系列特点,且泵内部三维流动复杂。为对该新型泵进行准确的性能优化设计,开展了两个设计方案的水力性能预测及流场分析,分析比较了两级叶轮出口设计参数对泵水力性能的影响及内部流场差异;针对优选后的方案,为匹配设计扬程完成了切割叶轮后泵的水力性能预测,并采用Q准则涡识别方法分析探讨了不同流量、不同切削量等因素对泵内部流动结构的影响。