Statistical analysis of pressure fluctuations during unsteady flow for low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps

A three-dimensional transient numerical simulation was conducted to study the pressure fluctuations in low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps. The characteristics of the inner flow were investigated using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The distributions of pressure fluctuations in the impeller and the volute were recorded, and the pressure fluctuation intensity was analyzed comprehensively, at the design condition, using statistical methods. The results show that the pressure fluctuation intensity increases along the impeller streamline from the leading edge to the trailing edge. In the impeller passage, the intensity near the shroud is much higher than that near the hub at thc inlet. However, the intensity at the middle passage is almost equal to the intensity at the outlet. The pressure fluctuation intensity is the highest at the trailing edge on the pressure side and near the tongue because of the rotor-stator interaction. The distribution of pressure fluctuation intensity is symmetrical in the axial cross sections of the volute channel. However, this intensity decreases with increasing radial distance. Hence, the pressure fluctuation intensity can be reduced by modifying the geometry of the leading edge in the impeller and the tongue in the volute.

Optimization on the Impeller of a Low-specific-speed Centrifugal Pump for Hydraulic Performance Improvement

In order to widen the high-efficiency operating range of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, an optimization process for considering efficiencies under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd is proposed. Three parameters, namely, the blade outlet width b2, blade outlet angle β2, and blade wrap angle φ, are selected as design variables. Impellers are generated using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method. The pump efficiencies are calculated using the software CFX 14.5 at two operating points selected as objectives. Surrogate models are also constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the surrogate model to determine the best combination of the impeller parameters. The results show that the performance curve predicted by numerical simulation has a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the efficiencies of the original impeller, the hydraulic efficiencies of the optimized impeller are increased by 4.18% and 0.62% under 1.0Qd and 1.4Qd, respectively. The comparison of inner flow between the original pump and optimized one illustrates the improvement of performance. The optimization process can provide a useful reference on performance improvement of other pumps, even on reduction of pressure fluctuations.

CAVITATING SUPPRESSION OF LOW SPECIFIC SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH GAP DRAINAGE BLADES

This paper aims to clarify the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap structure impeller based on the analysis of cavitation characteristics in a low specific speed centrifugal pump. In order to obtain reliable and consistent numerical results, some numerical considerations and modeling methodology were demonstrated and researched, and a check of the time and space resolution were also conducted. Hence the predicted cavitation performance of the two centrifugal pumps were investigated and compared with experimental results, and they were in qualitative agreement. It was confirmed that the new gap structure impeller has a very good characteristic of inhibiting cavitation, especially in large flow area, the present numerical method can effectively capture the major internal flow features in the centrifugal pump, through the comparison of the two type impeller flow fields, the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap impeller may be the combination effects of the small vice blade＇s guiding flow and gap tunnel＇s auto-balancing of pressure.

Effect of impeller reflux balance holes on pressure and axial force of centrifugal pump

The size of impeller reflux holes for centrifugal pump has influence on the pressure distribution of front and rear shrouds and rear pump chamber, as well as energy characteristics of whole pump and axial force. Low specific-speed centrifugal pump with Q=12.5 m3/h, H=60 m, n=2950 r/min was selected to be designed with eight axial reflux balance holes with 4.5 mm in diameter. The simulated Q-H curve and net positive suction head(NPSH) were in good agreement with experimental results, which illustrated that centrifugal pump with axial reflux balance holes was superior in the cavitation characteristic; however, it showed to little superiority in head and efficiency. The pressure in rear pump chamber at 0.6 times rate flow is 29.36% of pressure difference between outlet and inlet, which reduces to 29.10% at rate flow and 28.33% at 1.4 times rate flow. As the whole, the pressure distribution on front and rear shrouds from simulation results is not a standard parabola, and axial force decreases as flow rate increases. Radical reflux balance holes chosen to be 5.2 mm and 5.9 mm in diameter were further designed with other hydraulic parts unchanged. With structural grids adopted for total flow field, contrast numerical simulation on internal flow characteristics was conducted based on momentum equations and standard turbulence model(κ-ε). It is found that axial force of pump with radical reflux balance holes of5.2 mm and 5.9 mm in diameter is significantly less than that with radical reflux balance holes of 4.5 mm in diameter. Better axial force balance is obtained as the ratio of area of reflux balance holes and area of sealing ring exceeds 6.

叶顶间隙对低比转数小流量泵性能的影响

为建立叶顶间隙对低比转速小流量泵性能的影响关系,采用数值计算的方法,以叶顶间隙宽s和叶轮出口宽b的比值(s/b)表征间隙大小,对不同间隙下泵的性能展开对比分析。分析发现,随着间隙的增加,泵的扬程和效率均逐渐降低,最大和最小间隙下的扬程和效率差分别达15.4%,5.5%。当间隙较小即s/b<0.2时,扬程曲线在小流量工况会出现不稳定的“驼峰”现象,在s/b>0.3后,设计工况附近效率的降幅显著增大。从流动特性来看,随着叶顶间隙的增大,间隙泄漏流对叶轮内主流区影响加剧,会诱导严重的二次流和旋涡的产生,同时间隙内不稳定流动也会产生能量损失,造成扬程和效率下降。为低比转数小流量泵的设计与优化提供借鉴意义。

复合叶轮出口角及分流叶片偏置对高速燃油泵性能的影响研究

为研究叶轮出口角以及分流叶片布置方式对高速超低比转速燃油泵扬程和效率的影响规律,选取复合叶轮的4个因素,叶片出口角β_(2)、叶片数z、分流叶片周向偏置度θ和偏转角α,基于正交试验设计法设计16组不同参数及结构的复合叶轮,对正交试验结果进行极差分析后得出各因素对扬程和效率的影响规律以及主次顺序,并最终得到高速燃油泵复合叶轮的最佳设计方案。其次,基于CFD数值模拟对常规无分流叶片设计方案与最佳设计方案进行外特性及流场分析,结果表明:最佳方案的扬程和效率在整个模拟工况内均有所提升,其中在实际工况Q为0.5 m~3/h下扬程较常规方案提高了10.4%,效率提高了4.8%。除此之外,最佳方案实际工况下的内流场压力分布与速度分布更加均匀,有效削弱了叶轮流道内的大尺度旋涡以及间隙泄漏对主流的干扰作用。

基于MOP的低比转速离心泵优化设计研究

针对传统低比转速离心泵效率偏低的问题,提出一种实现低比转速离心泵快速和智能化优化方法。以IS 80-50-250型低比转速离心泵为研究对象,采用叶轮机械设计软件CFturbo提取叶轮子午流道和叶片型线控制点参数;利用最佳预测元模型(MOP)和梯度算法得到优化后的参数和三维模型;对优化前、后的水力模型进行CFD数值计算,通过试验验证了数值计算的准确性,并分析优化前、后水力模型性能和流态,验证了优化方法的可行性。结果表明:在设计工况下,通过优化方法得到优化泵的效率与数值计算得到的效率高度一致,说明该方法可以实现离心泵的优化设计,优化后泵的效率提升了2.86%,扬程提高了2.08 m,优化效果较为显著,且优化后泵内部流动得到了较为明显的改善。研究结果对提高离心泵的水力性能具有借鉴意义。

低比速水泵水轮机“S”形特性对尾水管最小压力敏感性研究

水泵水轮机“S”形特性对机组的水力过渡过程有着要的影响,“S”形特性的优劣是判定模型转轮研发成功与否的关键指标之一,对低比速水泵水轮机显得更为重要。为更深入研究转轮“S”形特性、模型转轮优化设计、水力过渡过程三者间联系,本文定义一种对“S”特性曲线定点定量的分析方法,利用不同试验特性曲线,通过水力过渡过程仿真分析加以判定,对“S”形曲线量化分析以探索三者之间的内在联系。研究表明全特性曲线中间等开度线“S”区弯曲程度对尾水管最小压力敏感性最强,等开度线在“S”区内单位流量与单位转速的比值越大,同一等开度线上飞逸单位流量越大,对提高尾水管进口最小压力越有利;叶片型式和活动导叶翼型优化设计可在一定程度上改善“S”形特性品质,提高甩负荷时尾水管最小压力值。本研成果在低比速水泵水轮机模型转轮研发和水力过渡过程优化计算方面均具有一定参考意义。

离心泵叶轮动应力的长短期记忆网络预测与疲劳分析

低比转速离心泵在运行时会伴随着应力集中问题,应力集中和动应力变化可能导致低比转速离心泵发生疲劳损伤。传统的有限元方法在分析应力疲劳问题时受限于预测能力不足。本文提出了一种基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的离心泵疲劳寿命预测方法,通过利用长短期记忆网络对额定工况和小流量工况下动应力时间序列信号进行训练及预测,并结合疲劳寿命模型对不同运行条件下的离心泵运行寿命进行预测。结果表明:LSTM模型能够准确捕捉动应力的变化趋势,额定工况下的动应力拟合效果明显优于小流量工况。额定工况下动应力预测集MAPE值相较于小流量工况下降了21.33%。预测动应力为2.28×10^(7)Pa时,其运行寿命可达3×10^(8)的循环次数,满足高强度运行的寿命要求。本文所提出的方法能够有效提高离心泵的运行寿命预测精度,为离心泵的管理和维护提供更可靠的支持。

超高比转速离心泵的高效设计

为研究叶轮结构参数对提升n_(s)在300~450间的超高比转速离心泵设计点效率的影响,以某超高比转速单级单吸立式离心泵为研究对象,选取叶轮出口宽度b_(2)、叶片进口安放角β_(1)、叶片出口安放角β_(2)和叶片包角φ为试验因素,建立L_(9)(4~3)正交试验方案,在0.9Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况内对各方案模型进行数值计算,分析各因素对泵水力性能影响的主次顺序,进而得到叶轮结构尺寸的最佳参数组合。按照最佳尺寸优化叶轮,将优化后的泵外特性试验结果与原型进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)高效设计时超高比转速离心泵叶轮结构参数对效率影响的主次顺序为φ→b_(2)→β_(2)→β_(1),影响水力性能的主要因素为φ,以便指导超高比转速离心泵的高效设计;(2)确定了高效设计时叶轮结构参数的最优水平组合;(3)优化后泵设计点效率较原型提高约4.2%,高效区扩宽至0.75Q_(n)~1.1Q_(n)工况,效率整体提升2.5%以上;(4) 0.75Q_(n)~1.2Q_(n)工况优化后泵轴功率与原型相比降低5.8%~15.8%,利于节能减排。

长短叶片离心泵正交试验研究

试验设计选择了短叶片进口直径、进口偏置角和出口偏置角3个因素,每因素取3个水平,按L9(33)正交试验方案,设计制作了9副长短叶片复合叶轮,并对其外特性进行试验研究,检测出9副叶轮的动力特性.试验结果表明:短叶片设置对泵扬程有一定的提高,但效率差异较大,当取短叶片进口直径0.4(D2-D1)+D1,进口偏置角10,°出口偏置角0°时,泵的性能有明显改善.

低比转数离心泵叶轮内能量转换特性

对比转数为60的离心泵内部流场进行数值模拟计算,从叶轮做功过程和能量损失过程两方面分析了叶轮内能量转换特性。将叶轮按径向尺寸分为8个区域,展示了不同工况、不同区域中压力和粘性力做功大小、功率密度分布、湍动能耗散率分布、能量损失组成及分布等能量转换相关特征。结果表明,叶轮进口区域能量转换效率相对较低且受叶片进口安放角影响,叶轮中部区域是叶轮做功和流体获得能量的关键区域,叶轮出口区域对叶轮性能有显著影响,壁面摩擦损失是叶轮内能量损失的主要组成部分。

低比转数离心泵内部非定常流动特性数值预测

为了深入研究低比转数离心泵在运行过程中内部的非定常不稳定流动现象的内在机理,采用CFD数值模拟的方法对模型泵内部三维湍流流场进行数值计算,并根据离心泵速度三角形推导了用来直观定量衡量流动非定常强度的时均非定常强度系数。通过分析该时均非定常强度系数在低比转数模型泵中的分布可知,叶轮叶片背面附近流场非定常性较强,且流体流经叶片后缘产生的尾迹现象同样随时间波动明显。蜗壳流道出口管及靠近叶轮出口处流动非定常性较强。

高扬程无过载潜水排污泵的优化设计与试验

为实现低比转速潜水排污泵高扬程、高效率、无过载性能的统一,该文对WQS150-48-37型低比转速潜水排污泵采用不同设计方法,经优化得出3种方案。应用Pro/E软件建模,结合Fluent软件对3种方案进行了多工况内部流场分析和性能预测,并与外特性试验结果对比。研究结果表明:采取增大叶片包角、减小出口角,控制流道扩散程度和增大蜗壳直径等方法可以得到满足高效率、高扬程、无过载要求的设计方案。其中,突破传统离心泵设计方法的新型通道式叶轮高效区范围更宽,扬程曲线陡降,无过载性能较好,可为高扬程无过载潜水排污泵的进一步优化设计提供参考依据。

低比速多级潜水泵优化设计

按无过载设计要求,为大幅度提高效率,以QS10低比速潜水泵的优化为例,选择叶轮出口宽度、叶片进口冲角、叶轮叶片数、导叶进口安放角等10个参数为变化因素,按L27(310)正交试验方案设计了27组模型;研究了适合多级泵性能预测的方法;通过分析计算流体力学两级全流场数值模拟的结果,得到各几何参数对轴功率、效率指标影响的主次顺序:导叶叶片进口安放角β3对效率的影响最大,叶片出口安放角β2对轴功率的影响起主要作用;将正交分析所得到的最优方案制成样机进行性能测试,该优化模型泵额定点效率为58.61%(大于国家规定的效率值51%),最大轴功率值为3.83 kW(符合设计要求的4 kW),验证了正交设计结合数值模拟手段在泵优化设计方面的可行性。

高扬程潜水排污泵叶轮和蜗壳的匹配优化与试验

为提高高扬程潜水排污泵的性能,该文基于数值模拟、粒子成像测速(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量和外特性试验并重的研究方法,以比转速为60的高扬程排污泵为研究对象,针对具有超厚叶片的叶轮与3种不同基圆直径的蜗壳进行了匹配优化。数值计算结果表明,具有超厚叶片的高扬程潜污泵蜗壳基圆直径对泵性能影响较大,当其与叶轮直径比D3/D2=1.13时,泵额定点的效率和扬程下降值均小于1%,但当D3/D2增大至1.19时,泵最高效率下降了3.3%;超厚叶片与蜗壳的匹配将直接决定泵内部流场特征,当D3/D2=1.01时,泵内部压力脉动和非定常径向力的峰峰值为D3/D2=1.13时的3倍左右,当D3/D2大于1.13时,其峰峰值变化较小。试验结果表明,兼顾考虑泵的外特性和内流场,方案B(D3/D2=1.13)具有陡降的流量-扬程曲线和饱和轴功率特性,最大轴功率不超过45kW,比国标规定的55kW小10kW,降低了生产成本。泵的高效区范围宽,在设计点泵效率达到71.80%,比国家标准高10.8个百分点;3个超厚叶片形成的3个通道,最大可通过颗粒直径为40mm的固体颗粒。PIV测量结果表明,在较大的流量范围内,叶轮内流场稳定,未出现不良流动现象,且此时泵内的压力脉动和径向力较小。该研究可为"高效率、无过载、无堵塞"的高扬程潜水排污泵的设计研究提供新的思路和实践指导。

低比转速离心泵范围的界定

对国内外大量低比转速离心泵有关资料进行了统计研究和计算 ,分析了低比转速泵内各种水力损失和结构指标 ,提出了低比转速离心泵的比转速划分范围 。

分流叶片对离心泵流场和性能影响的数值预报

针对低比速离心泵IS50-32-160模型,给出不同叶片数下、不同分流叶片长度的设计方案,采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,对多方案的全流场进行分析。对非设计流量工况计算采用了稳态N-S方程求解,对于叶轮和蜗壳、前后腔体的交界面采用滑移网格技术进行处理。通过叶轮叶片上扭矩分析,并结合以往试验和计算经验,给出适用于低比速离心泵分流叶片长度的设计公式;流场计算结果显示:分流叶片有利于叶轮出口和蜗壳入口的压力、速度分布均匀性,能有效提高叶轮出口压力,减小压力脉动;通过不同工况的计算模拟,预测各个设计方案离心泵的性能,结果表明:含分流叶片离心泵的效率向偏大流量处偏移,扬程提高较多,且功率曲线更加陡峭。最后总结了不同叶片数对水泵性能的影响,给出不同设计要求时叶片数取值参考。

低比转数离心泵驼峰工况附近内部流动特性分析

为了揭示驼峰的产生机理,采用CFD数值预报对低比转数离心泵驼峰工况附近内部流动特性进行了深入分析,建立了扬程与内部流动特性之间的关系.在0.1~1.6倍设计流量下扬程的模拟值与试验值的相对误差在3.62%以内,且预报驼峰所在工况与实测结果基本一致.对驼峰附近工况0.2,0.3,0.4倍设计流量下的内部流动进行了分析,预报结果表明：泵进口管道存在大量回流,造成叶轮进口预旋,诱发驼峰;各叶轮流道内均存在不同程度大小的旋涡,在0.2和0.3倍工况甚至堵塞了整个流道;存在旋涡的叶轮流道出口相对速度值较大,而绝对速度值较小.结合泵基本方程进一步分析,发现出口相对流速的增大使得扬程降低,引发驼峰.对比叶轮出口R/R2=0.9处绝对速度,小流量下波动更加严重,且其圆周分量下降非常明显,直接降低了这些工况下的扬程值;叶轮进口的预旋及出口回流是诱发驼峰的原因,消除或者减小这些非稳态现象可作为抑制驼峰的出发点.

计算离心泵面积比和蜗壳面积的方法

依据离心泵的面积比原理,推导得出了计算离心泵面积比的计算公式,公式体现了面积比值和叶轮、蜗壳的水力参数关系。提出建立在面积比原理基础上、低比转速离心泵在加大流量设计后的面积比、蜗壳第八断面面积的计算方法及公式,面积比及蜗壳的第八断面面积和泵的流量加大系数、比转速加大系数得到了联系,也和叶轮、蜗壳的水力参数有关。解决泵行业一直依据经验统计值确定面积比而不能使低比转速离心泵在设计点效率最高这一问题。实例表明:提出的计算方法能够提高低比转速离心泵的效率,充实低比转速离心泵的设计理论。