A Sketch-Based Generation Model for Diverse Ceramic Tile Images Using Generative Adversarial Network

Ceramic tiles are one of the most indispensable materials for interior decoration.The ceramic patterns can’t match the design requirements in terms of diversity and interactivity due to their natural textures.In this paper,we propose a sketch-based generation method for generating diverse ceramic tile images based on a hand-drawn sketches using Generative Adversarial Network(GAN).The generated tile images can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the user for the tile textures.The proposed method consists of four steps.Firstly,a dataset of ceramic tile images with diverse distributions is created and then pre-trained based on GAN.Secondly,for each ceramic tile image in the dataset,the corresponding sketch image is generated and then the mapping relationship between the images is trained based on a sketch extraction network using ResNet Block and jump connection to improve the quality of the generated sketches.Thirdly,the sketch style is redefined according to the characteristics of the ceramic tile images and then double cross-domain adversarial loss functions are employed to guide the ceramic tile generation network for fitting in the direction of the sketch style and to improve the training speed.Finally,we apply hidden space perturbation and interpolation for further enriching the output textures style and satisfying the concept of“one style with multiple faces”.We conduct the training process of the proposed generation network on 2583 ceramic tile images dataset.To measure the generative diversity and quality,we use Frechet Inception Distance(FID)and Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator(BRISQUE)metrics.The experimental results prove that the proposed model greatly enhances the generation results of the ceramic tile images,with FID of 32.47 and BRISQUE of 28.44.

Synthesis of Ceramic Tiles Reinforced with Addition of Aluminum Particulate Waste

Research conducted on ceramic materials has been investigating the incorporation of solid waste into their formulations,driven by the proper disposal of such waste and the reduction of negative environmental impacts.This study analyzed the effects of adding aluminum powder residue to the physical properties of ceramic masses with the aim of obtaining new formulations for ceramic tiles.The aluminum residue and the standard mass for ceramic tile production were chemically characterized and homogenized to obtain new formulations with the incorporation of 4%,6%,8%,and 10%aluminum powder in the ceramic mass.The specimens were uniaxially pressed and sintered at a temperature of 1,200°C for 2 h,undergoing three different temperatures(100°C,400°C,and 650°C)for 30 min each.They were evaluated for WA(water absorption),RLq(linear shrinkage),SEM(scanning electron microscopy),and TRF(flexural strength)modulus.The results demonstrate that the addition of aluminum powder residue is feasible in the proposed formulations(4%,6%,8%,and 10%),as they enhance the mechanical properties of the ceramics compared to the formulation with 0%residue,at a sintering temperature of 1,200°C.

Assessment of the long-term possible radiological risk from the use of ceramic tiles in Malaysia

This study investigated the level of natural radioactivity and radiological risks of 40 different ceramic tiles through gamma-ray spectroscopy using a high-purity germanium detector. The calculated activity concentrations were evaluated to determine their potential radiological risks to human health. Furthermore, the activity concentrations were subjected to the RESRAD-BUILD computer code to assess the effect of ventilation rate, dweller position, and room size and direction on the total effective dose(TED). The simulated TED received by a receptor when changing the ventilation rate in a room ranged from0.26 ± 0.01 to 0.61 ± 0.01 mSv/y; however,the percentage variations in the TED due to dweller position and room size are 34, 31,and 35% and 33, 27, and 40% for the x-,y-,and z-directions, respectively. The overall TED received by the dweller based on room size and direction is 0.75 mSv/y. The calculated radiological risk parameters were all below the recommended maximum limit. However, the TED received by the dweller is significantly affected by the directions of the measurement, position,room size,and ventilation. Therefore,estimating the TED from one direction would underestimate the total dose received by the dweller.

Preparation of high performance ceramic tiles using waste tile granules and ceramic polishing powder

This paper presents an innovative approach to reusing waste tile granules(TG) and ceramic polishing powder(PP) to produce high performance ceramic tiles.We studied formulations each with a TG mass fraction of 25.0% and a different PP mass fraction between 1.0% and 7.0%.The formulations included a small amount of borax additive of a mass fracton between 0.2% and 1.2%.The effects of these industrial by-products on compressive strength,water absorption and microstructure of the new ceramic tiles were investigated.The results indicate that the compressive strength decreases and water absorption increases when TG with a mass fraction of 25.0% are added.Improvement of the compressive strength may be achieved when TG(up to 25.0%) and PP(up to 2.0%) are both used at the same time.In particular,the compressive strength improvement can be maximized and water absorption reduced when a borax additive of up to 0.5% is used as a flux.Scanning electron microscopy reveals that a certain amount of fine PP granules and a high content of fluxing oxides from borax avail the formation of glassy phase that fills up the pores in the new ceramic tiles,resulting in a dense product with high compressive strength and low water absorption.

Structural Characterization of Bauxite Red Mud to Utilization in Ceramic Wall/Roofing Tile: Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Physic-Chemical Stability

This present research work is on the characterization of bauxite red mud (waste material) from Ngaoundal for the manufacture of ceramic products. After the extraction process, the raw material was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Morphology, mineral phases and chemical composition were determined by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA), Infra-Red (IR), Particle size (PS) were also used. Results of red mud analysis show that major oxides were Fe2O3 (37.21%), Al2O3 (19.6%), SiO2 (7.68%), TiO2 (1.07%), Na2O (4.71%), and CaO (2.75%). These last oxides require low temperature to melt and act as binders which link particles of red mud during the sintering process. Presence of alkaline oxides is an appeal to reduce energy consumption during ceramic manufacture process and to protect our environment for sustainable development. Physical and mechanical properties of fired red mud showed that the firing shrinkage, bulk density, and flexural strength increase with firing temperature. Porosity and water absorption had the same pattern and they decreased with the increase of temperature. Chemical stability reveals that 10% material loss is obtained after 7 days of treatment under acid-base conditions.

一种搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴末端执行器的设计

针对手工铺贴瓷砖成本高、工作效率低、劳动强度大等问题,设计了一种搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴末端执行器。设计真空系统实现瓷砖吸放,设计惯性式激振器实现振动压实,利用激光测距传感器与边缘搜索方法检测定位。基于ROS开发了铺贴系统,实现了搭载机械臂的瓷砖铺贴实验。结果表明,该装置能够实现300 mm×300 mm的瓷砖铺贴作业,重复定位标准偏差小于0.343 mm。

基于空耦冲击回波法的饰面瓷砖层间脱空识别研究

针对饰面瓷砖脱空掉落的现象,建立了空气-饰面瓷砖层间脱空有限元模型,分析了钢球半径、激励速度以及信号采集位置等因素对饰面瓷砖层间脱空检测效果的影响,确定了最优值,然后利用特征识别参数对饰面瓷砖粘结层的脱空程度进行评估,并开展足尺试验对有限元模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:钢球半径建议取9 mm,激励速度建议取1 m·s^(-1),信号采集点与激励点的横向距离不宜小于60 mm,垂向距离取5 mm;黏结层脱空会使冲击回波信号加强。因此,时域图中的信号波动性增强、衰减速度减缓,频域图中的声压级增大,主频段前移并分化为代表结构整体振动和局部振动的两个频段;并且随着脱空程度的增加,频域面积增大,通过计算频域面积可有效评估饰面瓷砖黏结层的脱空状况。研究结果为饰面瓷砖的无损检测提供了参考。

一种仿螺钿装饰艺术陶瓷砖的研发

实验在建筑陶瓷瓷釉的表面开发了一种复配型印刷釉,通过降低釉料的始熔温度、提高釉熔体与金属颗粒的浸润性以形成保护层,有效解决了金属颗粒在釉中高温烧成过程被氧化而失去光泽的技术难题,实现了合金材料在建筑陶瓷釉面的螺钿纹理装饰效果,提升了抛光类瓷砖的艺术装饰性能。

建筑陶瓷固废模拟热液蚀变反应低碳制备陶瓷砖

陶瓷通常需要在1 000℃以上烧结,导致陶瓷工业约有60%的能耗用于烧成工序,降低陶瓷的烧成温度对于陶瓷行业的节能减碳具有重要意义。本文以陶瓷固废为原料提出了一种在200℃下模拟热液蚀变反应低碳制备陶瓷的方法。本研究先对废陶瓷进行球磨预处理,得到亚微米级粉体,再通过模拟热液蚀变反应,以陶瓷固废粉体为原料制备出陶瓷砖。在最佳实验条件下:陶瓷固废球磨6 h,粉体含水率25%,以硅酸钾水溶液作为蚀变溶液,在200℃温度下反应36 h,得到样品的抗折强度为(32.1±4) MPa,满足陶瓷砖的应用要求。利用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜表征反应前后样品的物相组成、官能团结构和微观形貌,给出了可能的反应过程。确认在热液蚀变反应中产生了正长石和α-石英晶体,这两种晶体的生长有效地提高陶瓷砖的抗折强度。

新时代下加强陶瓷砖质量监督管理的研究与思考

陶瓷砖是用于建筑物饰面、建筑构件的陶瓷制品,我国陶瓷砖发展历史悠久,产品远销海内外。本文从中国陶瓷砖行业发展现状、加强陶瓷砖产品质量监督管理的路径、加强陶瓷砖产品质量监督管理的典型案例、未来陶瓷砖发展前景等方面论述了新时代下如何加强陶瓷砖产品的质量监督管理,可以为有关部门、行业协会及企事业单位提升陶瓷砖行业质量监管水平提供一定参考。

利用硅灰石尾矿制备建筑陶瓷瓷质砖的研究

以硅灰石尾矿为主要原料,探究高钙固废制备建筑陶瓷瓷质砖的可行性。借助TG-DTA、XRD、SEM以及力学性能测试研究不同硅灰石尾矿含量、烧成温度对于坯体力学性能、物相与微观结构的影响。结果表明,硅灰石尾矿添加量为35 wt%时,在1150℃的条件下可以制备出吸水率为0.45%,抗折强度为53.9 MPa的瓷质砖试样。对坯体的烧结过程的进一步研究发现当温度低于900℃时,首先发生高岭土和方解石的脱水与分解过程;而在1050~1150℃时,硅灰石由1A型转变为2M型,并且与坯体中的硅铝酸盐反应形成钙长石,最终在低黏度液相的作用下完成坯体的致密化过程。

陶质釉面砖浸泡后粘贴对系统安全性影响研究

对比分析了陶质釉面砖不同浸泡时长及晾置方式对其含水率的影响,比较不同含水率陶质釉面砖采用不同贴砖施工方法对铺贴系统拉伸粘结强度、界面破坏状态的影响。结果表明,未浸泡时系统拉伸粘结强度最高,采用瓷砖胶粘贴陶质釉面砖时,釉面砖无需浸泡;若是施工人员习惯将陶质釉面砖提前浸泡再贴砖,宜将浸泡时长控制在1~2 h,且在浸泡后取出瓷砖进行交叉晾置,晾置时长不少于2 h。背粘法施工存在初始缺陷,应采用薄贴法施工,更有利于提高铺贴系统安全性。

浅谈陶瓷墨水对抛釉砖产生针孔的影响

本文简单探讨了抛釉砖产生针孔的主要原因,同时探讨了陶瓷墨水在抛釉砖生产过程当中对针孔产生的影响。

抗87式5.8 mm普通弹防弹插板的研究与制备

为了开发抗87式5.8 mm普通弹陶瓷复合防弹插板,采用有限元数值模拟研究了弹体侵彻过程及结构设计,探索了防弹插板制备过程中超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)背板的压制工艺以及异形多曲面整板陶瓷插板的真空热压复合工艺。针对UHMWPE背板开展了不同压制压力和温度对其防弹性能影响规律的研究,并探究了真空热压参数对插板的防弹性能影响,确定了最佳的工艺参数设置,成功制备出满足国内军方要求的抗87式5.8 mm普通弹轻质插板产品,该产品能够实现有效防弹。

《卫生洁具清洗剂》新旧标准比较

GB/T 21241—2022《卫生洁具清洗剂》于2022年12月30日发布,针对卫生间内不同的污垢,将卫生洁具清洗剂分为两类,并明确了产品类型标志方式。通过对比分析新旧标准差异,说明了标准的修订原因和修订内容,帮助标准使用人员更好地掌握标准内容。

复合固废材料制备高性能水泥基陶瓷砖胶粘剂性能研究

本研究复合石灰石尾矿、铜矿尾砂两种固废材料替代天然骨料,由废树脂粉替代重钙粉作为填料,加入纤维素纳米晶须等外加剂来辅助改性,同时在制备工艺上改变投料顺序,使其更均匀地混合。试验得出水泥用量为40%~45%,铜矿尾砂在骨料中的比例不超过60%,且加入6%的废树脂粉,再搭配适量的纤维素纳米晶须等外加剂,可以制备出符合《陶瓷砖胶粘剂》JC/T 547-2017中C2T等级的陶瓷砖胶粘剂。

高层住宅薄陶瓷保温一体板与钢托架岩棉板组合节能系统施工技术研究

为满足高层住宅建筑外墙外保温层的安全性、节能性、美观性,需要对高层住宅建筑外墙进行保温系统设计,选用具有提高隔热性能且安全环保的外保温组合系统。本文以三门峡市大修厂周边棚户区改造(黄河新城)工程设计施工总承包项目为例,总结形成高层住宅薄陶瓷保温一体板+钢托架岩棉板组合节能系统施工技术,以供同行参考和借鉴。

防水材料与外墙装饰层材料的粘结性研究

探讨了防水新规下外墙防水材料包括水泥基防水材料、丙烯酸防水涂料、聚氨酯防水涂料与外墙装饰层材料(外墙腻子、瓷砖胶和一体板砂浆)的粘结性能,结果表明,水泥基防水材料与外墙腻子、瓷砖胶和一体板砂浆均具有较好的粘结性,满足相应的粘结强度要求,而丙烯酸防水涂料、聚氨酯防水涂料与外墙腻子、瓷砖胶和一体板砂浆的粘结性均欠佳,粘结强度不符合相关标准的要求。

含水量和孔结构对多孔建筑陶瓷砖导热系数影响的试验研究

多孔建筑陶瓷砖是一种多相复合材料,其导热性受温湿度和孔隙率等多个因素的综合影响。通过试验研究了不同孔结构、孔隙率和含水量等因素变化条件下多孔建筑陶瓷砖导热系数的变化规律。结果表明,以淀粉和碳粉为造孔剂制备的建筑陶瓷均以开口气孔为主,整体连通性强。淀粉造孔的孔径尺寸相对比较均匀,显气孔率高于碳粉。随着造孔剂含量的增加,显气孔率和吸水率线性增大,孔径分布趋于分散。多孔建筑陶瓷砖导热性的各影响因素之间具有明显的耦合作用特征,即含水率越高,温度变化对其导热性的影响越显著;显气孔率越高,导热系数对含水量的变化越敏感。