ChMYB1-ChbHLH42-ChTTG1 module regulates abscisic acidinduced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cerasus humilis

Cerasus humilis is a kind of economic fruit tree peculiar to China,which is widely used in the food,landscape,and pharmaceutical industries.Anthocyanins are a phenolic metabolite that plays an essential role in fruit coloration.However,the regulatory network of C.humilis in anthocyanin biosynthesis is still unclear.In this study,the R2R3-MYB transcription factor ChMYB1 was isolated from the full genome of the species.Yeast one-hybrid,dual-luciferase assays,and GUS staining showed that ChMYB1 significantly increased anthocyanin contents in C.humilis fruit by promoting the expression of ChCHS and ChUFGT by binding MBS(MYB-binding elements).ChMYB1 interacted with ChbHLH42and ChTTG1 to form the MBW complex and further enhanced the expression of ChUFGT.In addition,abscisic acid(ABA)treatment promoted the expression of ChMYB1 and anthocyanin accumulation in C.humilis fruit.Interestingly,ABA treatment enhanced the interaction between ChMYB1 and ChbHLH42.Furthermore,ChABI5 inhibited the interaction between ChMYB1 and ChbHLH42.Our data elucidated the primary molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C.humilis fruit,deepening the understanding of the regulatory network affecting anthocyanin metabolism in edible fruit crops.

Pectin fractions extracted sequentially from Cerasus humilis:Their compositions,structures,functional properties and antioxidant activities

Three pectin fractions(water-soluble fraction(WSF),chelator-soluble fraction(CSF),and sodium carbonatesoluble fraction(NSF))were obtained from Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis)fruits.All of them were branched low methoxylated pectins with an amorphous or partially nanocrystalline nature and eight neutral monosaccharides(arabinose and galactose were most abundant).WSF,CSF and NSF had a degree of methylation(DM)of 35.82%,14.85%and 7.13%,uronic acid(UA)content of 76.02%,83.71%and 69.01%,and total protein content of 2.4%,2.1%and 8.8%,respectively.Their molecular weights were 340.31,330.16 and 141.31 kg/mol,respectively(analyzed by gel permeation chromatography(GPC)).WSF,CSF and NSF exhibited good rheological,thermal,emulsifying,emulsion-stabilizing,water-adsorbing,oil-binding,cholesterol-binding and antioxidant properties.NSF had the highest emulsifying,emulsion stabilizing,water-/oil-/cholesterol-binding and antioxidant capacities,followed by CSF.NSF had the highest viscosity(406.77 m Pa·s),flowability,and resistance to heat-induced changes/damage,which may be related to its lowest polydispersity index,DM and UA content and highest protein content.The three pectin fractions with desirable characteristics can be used as food additives/ingredients and dietary supplements.

北京玉渊潭公园关山樱(Cerasus serrulata cv. Sekiyama)的观赏性及其晚樱景区植物配置初探

对玉渊潭公园晚樱的实地调查表明,关山樱为公园目前晚樱的主要观赏品种,其花开至7、8成时观赏效果最佳.调查结果为玉渊潭公园晚樱最佳观赏时机的选择,及景区内的植物配置与管理提供帮助.

Effect of glucose on the soil bacterial diversity and function in the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis

Most cherry orchards in China have low organic carbon content,though carbon is very important for plant growth.The changes in soil carbon and bacterial diversity were determined after different amounts of 12C-glucose were added to the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis.Soil bacteria diversity was measured using high throughput sequencing,and bacteria containing 13C-glucose were identified using DNA-SIP methods.The results demonstrated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content and the soil respiratory rate were increased at 3 and 7 days after adding glucose.The soil organic carbon(SOC)content was decreased on the 7th day in the treatment where the added glucose-C was equivalent to the MBC content.SOC content was decreased on the 15th day after adding glucose-C equivalent to five times that of the soil MBC.Compared to the controls,the relative abundance of taxa at the phylum level displayed no significant change in the treatments with glucose-C added as 10%and equal amount of soil MBC 3–30 days after treatment.However,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of glucose-C equivalent to five times of soil MBC.The main changes were observed in the bacteria in several genera including A4,Flavisolibacter,Aquicella,and Candidatus Solibacter.DNA-SIP results indicated that the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas was the highest;these were the primary bacteria phylum and genus,respectively,from day 3 to day 15.In conclusion,the changing pattern demonstrated that with the addition of more glucose,the range of the bacterial communities changed more.Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas may be the bacteria promoting priming effect.

Comparison among Cornelian Cherry and <i>Prunus cerasus</i>According to Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity by Three Various Methods of Extraction

Cornelian cherry and Prunus cerasus with red pigments possess precious source of flavonoids and phenolic acids which have various applications in treatment of various health problems. This study is conducted to compare different methods of extraction (shaking incubator, soxhelet, ultrasonic) were applied in order to identify the best method which shows the highest rate of antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and total phenolic compounds via Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, p-coumaric acid content of fruits were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, cornelian cherry with 1313.13 mg/Kg average TPC score exhibits higher total phenolic content than Prunus cerasus with 1270 mg/Kg. It’s notice worthy that there was a slight difference among antioxidant activity in two fruits. Consequently, DPPH revealed nearly stronger antioxidant activity for Prunus cerasus while cornelian cherry had a little more potent antioxidant activity according to FRAP Test. p-coumaric acid content was almost twice in Prunus cerasus (10.8 mg/ml) than cornelian cherry (5.6 mg/ml). In addition, both shaking incubator and ultrasonic extraction procedures were more efficient than soxhelet in two fruits.

The Chloroplast Genome of Cerasus Campanulata Diverges from Other Prunoideae Genomes

Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination.Here,we determined the complete chloroplast(cp)genome sequence of C.campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats,20 palindrome repeats,2 complement repeats,4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).We additionally performed a comparative study of C.campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species.Then,maximum parsimony(MP)and maximum likelihood(ML)phylogenetic analyses were carried out in the little part of Rosaceae,respectively.The results strongly support a position of C.campanulata as a member of the Cerasus in the Rosaceae family.Moreover,the complete cp genome can be used for plant phylogenetic and evolutionary studies that will provide insight into the degree of gene conservation.

Three Wild Ornamental Cerasus Deserved Developing in Landscape Architecture of South China

Based on in-depth investigation of wild Cerasus in South China,the paper introduces three species of Cerasus that are suitable for popularization and utilization in South China from the aspects of morphological characteristics,ecological habits,reproduction,ornamental value and landscape purpose,etc.

Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of developing seed in Cerasus humilis for lipid related gene discovery

Cerasus humilis is a woody shrub with increasing economic importance. Due to its high oil content in seed with desired fatty acid(FA) composition, C. humilis has been considered as a potential woody oilseed crop in China. However, FAs accumulation and related molecular mechanisms of FA biosynthesis in C. humilis seed have not been elucidated well. In this study, oil contents and FA compositions of developing C. humilis seed were analyzed. The total oil content in mature seed reached 48.7% while unsaturated FA concentration reached a high level of 96.2%. Three c DNA libraries of C. humilis developing seed were constructed at the beginning and 2 fast oil-accumulation stages, followed by Illumina sequencing with the platform of HiSeq^TM 2000. Differentially expressed unigenes(DEGs) were identified during the respective seed development stages to investigate transcription dynamics. Among DEGs, 82 unigenes were identified as being closely involved in de novo FA and triacylglycerol(TAG) biosynthesis. Surprisingly, among DEGs involved in TAG biosynthesis, expression of unigenes encoding GPATs(glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) were relatively low and unigenes encoding LPAATs(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase) were highly expressed, suggesting that LPAAT contributed more in storage lipids metabolism in C. humilis seed. Genes encoding DGAT2(diacylgycerol acyltransferase2) were the most highly expressed while expression of DGAT1 was very low, suggesting DGAT2 was the dominant DGAT which catalyzed TAG biosynthesis. To verify these results,10 unigenes were selected and their expression patterns were analyzed by quantitative RTPCR. These data provided comprehensive information for understanding the molecular mechanism of FA and TAG biosynthesis in C. humilis seed.

Research progress of phenolic compounds and pharmacological effects in Cerasus

The phenolic compounds in Cerasus were complex,mainly including flavonoids,phenolic acids and lignin,and had antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,hypoglycemic and other pharmacological activities.Its fruit contains calcium,sugar,iron,phosphorus,protein,carotene and vitamin C,which has high nutritional value.This paper reviews the research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cerasus in recent years,so as to provide reference for its further research.

玛瑙红樱桃最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基的筛选

为提高玛瑙红樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.)愈伤组织诱导率,以MS培养基为基本培养基,采取单因素试验分别对0.1%HgCl_(2)处理外植体的时间、NAA浓度和IBA浓度范围进行探究,再使用BoxBehnken响应面法进行三因素的优化试验,筛选玛瑙红樱桃的最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基。结果表明,单因素试验中,0.1%HgCl_(2)最佳处理时间为5 min,NAA浓度为0.35~0.65 mg/L,平均诱导率达73%,IBA浓度为0.20~0.40 mg/L,平均诱导率达67%;Box-Behnken响应面模型分析得出最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基配方为MS+0.51 mg/L NAA+0.35 mg/L IBA,0.1%HgCl_(2)处理外植体时间为4.5 min,平均诱导率达95%。NAA与IBA配合使用效果优于单独使用。

魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜和加速器辐照对车厘子冷藏保鲜研究

研究了不同处理对车厘子(Cerasus pseudocerasus)冷藏过程中品质指标的影响。以车厘子为试材,采用魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)涂膜和电子加速器辐照处理后,置于温度(4±1)℃的冷藏箱中贮藏,测定贮藏过程中失重率、色泽亮度变化、总抗坏血酸含量、SOD活性、阿魏酸等各项品质指标的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组能不同程度地延缓车厘子的成熟进程和品质下降。KGM涂膜和电子束辐照能够显著减少果实的失重率,减缓总抗坏血酸、SOD活性、阿魏酸和果皮颜色亮度的下降,保持果实营养品质。因此,KGM涂膜和电子束辐照处理能够有效保存果实营养并延缓果实衰老,可以作为车厘子的保鲜方法 。

汉江樱桃果实发育的品质变化及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究

为探明汉江樱桃[Cerasus pseudocerasus(Lindl.)G.Don]在生长发育过程中的品质变化,采用不同处理对其保鲜效果进行分析,比较果实在发育过程中单果重、果柄拉力、糖度的动态变化;分别在25℃、0℃、0℃+气调(80%N_2+15%CO_2+5%O_2)不同贮藏条件下比较果实腐烂率和预冷物流后果实好果率的差异。结果表明,樱桃果实在硬核期、转色期、七成熟、八成熟、九成熟的单果重分别是0.80、1.50、2.34、3.03、3.24 g;果实成熟度越高,果柄拉力越小;不同成熟期的糖度分别为7.55%、10.04%、13.62%、15.40%、16.34%;果实在25℃环境下,贮藏至第四天腐烂率达72%,0℃环境下,第四天腐烂率仅4%,而在0℃+气调条件下,无腐烂现象发生。果实在预冷24 h后物流运输41 h,好果率达90%。因此汉江樱桃在低温+气调的条件下保鲜效果优于单独低温冷藏。

黑珍珠樱桃新梢与果实生长发育动态

试验考察了黑珍珠樱桃（Cerasus pseudocerasus）新梢和果实的生长发育动态。结果表明,新梢3月上旬开始生长,有5个生长高峰期,伸长生长持续到6月下旬;叶片量增长持续至6月中旬,有5个生长高峰;增粗生长有4个生长高峰期,8月下旬停止生长,生长期长达148 d。果实在5月下旬停止生长,生长期达49-56 d;果实有两次快速生长期：4月5日至4月12日和4月26日至5月3日,其中4月26日至5月3日是果实全年生长最高峰期;黑珍珠樱桃新梢净增加量出现3-4个生长高峰;果实纵径、宽横径和厚横径均出现2次生长高峰期,除第1次生长高峰期外,黑珍珠樱桃果实纵径、宽横径、厚横径和新梢生长高峰期是交替出现的。建议在栽培管理中头年应加强肥水管理,增加树体养分积累;4月中旬是施壮果肥最佳时期;在新梢生长和果实膨大期注意加强根外追肥来缓解梢果竞争;采收期以5月中下旬为宜。

酸樱桃果实中原花青素提取工艺的研究

研究了酸樱桃(Prunus cerasus)果实中原花青素的提取方法和提取的工艺条件,考察了提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对原花青素提取率的影响。结果表明,酸樱桃果实中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为70%乙醇、提取温度60℃、提取时间3.0 h、料液比1∶4、浸泡时间8 h;并对提取液进行了纯化,经过用乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩离心后用3∶1石油醚萃取后再用2∶1乙酸乙酯萃取,得到初步原花青素产品,得率为0.38%。

樱桃主要病害及其防治措施探讨

樱桃(Cerasus Mill.)在湖北省内多地普遍种植,近年来发展成为一种新兴的种植产业,随着果园规模的扩大,樱桃上的病害不容忽视,通过对湖北省内樱桃上病害的调查,分析了为害樱桃叶部、枝干、根部、果实的主要病害的为害特性,并提出了切实可行的防治措施。

赤霉素浸泡与层积时间对山樱种子萌发的影响

研究了层积前用不同浓度的赤霉素浸泡48h以及层积时间对山樱(CerasusserrulataDon.)种子萌发的影响。结果表明:山樱种子具有低温休眠的特性,未通过休眠的种子不发芽,通过低温层积能打破休眠,促进发芽。层积前用赤霉素浸泡能显著缩短层积时间,提高种子发芽率。在所有处理组合中,以1500mg/L赤霉素浸泡48h后层积60d和层积40d两处理打破休眠效果最好,其种子发芽率分别达到92.2%和88.1%,极显著或显著地高于其它处理组合。清水浸种虽能在一定程度上促进种子的发芽,但效果并不明显。

武夷山和宝华山野生早樱群落植物区系研究

为了解野生早樱(Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens)的群落特征,根据吴征镒科属区系分析方法,对武夷山和宝华山野生早樱群落植物区系进行了研究。结果表明,野生早樱群落共有种子植物261种,隶属于64科、144属,其中以寡属种居多,物种分布不均匀。区系特征上,从科的区系成分来看,两地3个群落植物区系热带性强于温带性分布类型;从属的区系成分来看,武夷山野生早樱群落植物区系热带性分布和温带性分布类型基本持平,而宝华山温带性分布类型要明显强于热带性分布。该群落区系T/R值随着纬度的增加而增大,但海拔高度的影响不明显。该群落植物区系起源古老,保留有大量的原始植物,具有明显的热带向温带过渡的特征。

酸樱桃中原花青素的分离与纯化

以NKA树脂为吸附剂,对酸樱桃(Prunus cerasus)中原花青素的分离纯化进行了研究。通过单因素试验分析确定了原花青素分离纯化的最佳工艺条件为,上样浓度7 mg/L,上样流速1.0 mL/min,用体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液作为洗脱剂,以1.0 mL/min流速进行洗脱。经树脂纯化后的原花青素通过HPLC/ESI-MS分析确定其主要含两种组分,分别为原花青素-3-葡萄糖苷和(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯。

毛樱桃调查研究初报

毛樱桃[(Cerasus tomentosa Wall)Drunus tomentosa Thunb]又称山豆子、山核桃、梅桃、无梗樱桃。属蔷薇科樱桃属。原产于我国,分布较广,而以江苏、河南、河北、陕西、山东、甘肃、辽宁、黑龙江等省和内蒙古自治区分布较多。我省燕山地区是主产地之一,昌黎县杏树园村,年产可达2.5万公斤。果实成熟期早,果形近球形,颜色艳丽,形如珍珠,味道佳美,营养含量高,可溶性固形物含量平均为15.2％,Vc32.5毫克/100克,果酸2.32％,氨基酸0.501克/100克,铁59.39ppm,钙1607.69ppm,铜7.69ppm,锰19.49pp m,锌9.1ppm。

樱花组织培养研究进展

樱花(P.serrulata)别名:山樱花、福岛樱、青山樱,泛指蔷薇科(Rosaceae),李亚科(Prunoidea),樱属(Cerasus)观赏植物,共120余种,有340个品种及改良的杂交品种。