Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereal...Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereals and oilseeds, however, for a long time, their process suitabilities are still unknown, resulting in the lack of precision processing. This paper summarized the characteristics of cereals and oilseeds, including sensory, physicochemical and processing qualities, their characteristic fingerprinting and products qualities. Furthermore, the quality fast detection method was also analyzed. It also explored the role of mathematical model and the standard evaluation index to determine the process suitability and discussed the opportunity for advanced model capability. We also prospected on scientific problems for expanding the predictive capabilities for processing suitabilities of these abundant varieties, focusing on the better results and advancements towards the processing of cereals and oilseeds products and improvement of their quality.展开更多
Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,...Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.展开更多
Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,s...Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.展开更多
Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and animals.Preventive measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions ...Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and animals.Preventive measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions that can be carried out through food processing.Several proposals have been tested and illustrated also in scientific papers during the last decades,however clear,easy to implement,practical suggestions and guidelines for process adaptation are much more needed.Europe and South East Asia can find synergies and complementarities moving from processing to analysis,from risk assessment to reduction strategies,from gap-analysis to communication roadmaps.Stakeholders from both Europe and Southeast Asia must then ensure that there is a way to ease and harmonize the regulation in the food supply chain in order to ensure food safety and at the same time facilitate trade in both regions,taking into account of the various landscapes,agrosystems and also different consumer preferences within the countries themselves.Concerning the example of cereals,processing steps cover primary processing(cleaning and milling operations)and secondary processing procedures(such as fermentation and thermal treatments during baking),special attention is devoted to the production of baked goods and to the estimation of processing factors for DON in wheat bread production especially in Europe.With reference instead to the specific context of Asian producers,a case-study focuses on ochratoxin A in coffee in Southeast Asia region,combining the expertise of the farming community,coffee industry and science researchers.The strategy to reduce mycotoxins in a farm setting poses several challenges to coffee farmers:it needs to be analyzed in the context of good agricultural practices,socioeconomic and behavioral factors of both coffee producers and consumers.As the world becomes more globalized,food and feed supply chains also become more complexed and hence,a more comprehensive strategy to ensure food contaminants mitigation is needed.展开更多
This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth m...This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0400200)Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903043)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-201X-IAPPST)
文摘Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereals and oilseeds, however, for a long time, their process suitabilities are still unknown, resulting in the lack of precision processing. This paper summarized the characteristics of cereals and oilseeds, including sensory, physicochemical and processing qualities, their characteristic fingerprinting and products qualities. Furthermore, the quality fast detection method was also analyzed. It also explored the role of mathematical model and the standard evaluation index to determine the process suitability and discussed the opportunity for advanced model capability. We also prospected on scientific problems for expanding the predictive capabilities for processing suitabilities of these abundant varieties, focusing on the better results and advancements towards the processing of cereals and oilseeds products and improvement of their quality.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Doctor Research Fund of Henan University of Technology(2020BS009)Science,Technology and Innovation in the Soybean and its Alternative Crops Chain(SQ2019YFD100114).
文摘Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.
基金The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14).
文摘Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops,rich in lipid(40–65%),protein(19–35%),and bioactive compounds.The review starts with bioactive components(fatty acid,tocopherol,phytosterol,sesamin,sesamolin,and sesamol)of sesame seeds.It considers processing techniques for extracting oil(aqueous extraction and pressing)from seeds.Novel technologies,such as enzyme-assisted aqueous,supercritical CO_(2),and microwave-assisted solvent extraction,are also discussed.The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed.In the future,the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.
基金FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM,Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies,University of Aveiro,(UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020),through national funds(Portugal).
文摘Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and animals.Preventive measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions that can be carried out through food processing.Several proposals have been tested and illustrated also in scientific papers during the last decades,however clear,easy to implement,practical suggestions and guidelines for process adaptation are much more needed.Europe and South East Asia can find synergies and complementarities moving from processing to analysis,from risk assessment to reduction strategies,from gap-analysis to communication roadmaps.Stakeholders from both Europe and Southeast Asia must then ensure that there is a way to ease and harmonize the regulation in the food supply chain in order to ensure food safety and at the same time facilitate trade in both regions,taking into account of the various landscapes,agrosystems and also different consumer preferences within the countries themselves.Concerning the example of cereals,processing steps cover primary processing(cleaning and milling operations)and secondary processing procedures(such as fermentation and thermal treatments during baking),special attention is devoted to the production of baked goods and to the estimation of processing factors for DON in wheat bread production especially in Europe.With reference instead to the specific context of Asian producers,a case-study focuses on ochratoxin A in coffee in Southeast Asia region,combining the expertise of the farming community,coffee industry and science researchers.The strategy to reduce mycotoxins in a farm setting poses several challenges to coffee farmers:it needs to be analyzed in the context of good agricultural practices,socioeconomic and behavioral factors of both coffee producers and consumers.As the world becomes more globalized,food and feed supply chains also become more complexed and hence,a more comprehensive strategy to ensure food contaminants mitigation is needed.
基金This survey forms part of the CONSUS program which is funded under the Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnerships Program(16/SPP/3296)and is co-funded by Origin Enterprises Plc.
文摘This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.
