A Solvent-Free Covalent Organic Framework Single-Ion Conductor Based on Ion-Dipole Interaction for All-Solid-State Lithium Organic Batteries

Single-ion conductors based on covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have garnered attention as a potential alternative to currently prevalent inorganic ion conductors owing to their structural uniqueness and chemical versatility.However,the sluggish Li+conduction has hindered their practical applications.Here,we present a class of solvent-free COF single-ion conductors(Li-COF@P)based on weak ion-dipole interaction as opposed to traditional strong ion-ion interaction.The ion(Li+from the COF)-dipole(oxygen from poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate embedded in the COF pores)interaction in the Li-COF@P promotes ion dissociation and Li+migration via directional ionic channels.Driven by this single-ion transport behavior,the Li-COF@P enables reversible Li plating/stripping on Li-metal electrodes and stable cycling performance(88.3%after 2000 cycles)in organic batteries(Li metal anode||5,5’-dimethyl-2,2’-bis-p-benzoquinone(Me2BBQ)cathode)under ambient operating conditions,highlighting the electrochemical viability of the Li-COF@P for all-solid-state organic batteries.

Critical current degradation in an epoxy-impregnated rare-earth Ba_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)coated conductor caused by damage during a quench

High-temperature superconducting(HTS)rare-earth Ba_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)(REBCO)coated conductors(CCs)have significant potential in high-current and high-field applications.However,owing to the weak interface strength of the laminated composite REBCO CCs,the damage induced by the thermal mismatch stress under a combination of epoxy impregnation,cooling,and quenching can cause premature degradation of the critical current.In this study,a three-dimensional(3D)electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical model based on the H-formulation and cohesive zone model(CZM)is developed to study the critical current degradation characteristics in an epoxy-impregnated REBCO CC caused by the damage during a quench.The temperature variation,critical current degradation of the REBCO CC,and its degradation onset temperature calculated by the numerical model are in agreement with the experimental data taken from the literature.The delamination of the REBCO CC predicted by the numerical model is consistent with the experimental result.The numerical results also indicate that the shear stress is the main contributor to the damage propagation inside the REBCO CC.The premature degradation of the critical current during a quench is closely related to the interface shear strength inside the REBCO CC.Finally,the effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the epoxy resin,thickness of the substrate,and substrate material on the critical current degradation characteristics of the epoxy-impregnated REBCO CC during a quench are also discussed.These results help us understand the relationship between the current-carrying degradation and damage in the HTS applications.

Recent Developments in Doping and Structural Modification of Ceria-Based Catalysts

Recent development in the modification of ceria-based catalysts for exhaust gas treatment was reviewed with the dependence of redox properties on structural characters of materials. The doping of ceria with different cations such as rare earth or transition metal oxides results in improvement of structural stability, catalytic function and resistance to sintering at high temperatures. Aging and reduction treatment at high temperatures promote ceria reduction and is beneficial for oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalysts. Chemical filing technique is very effective in modifying the redox property in the low temperature regions.

Effect of Roasting Conditions of Rich Cerium Rare Earth Carbonate on Crystallite Morphology and Polishing Ability of Ceria-Based Rare Earth Oxide

The granule shape and crystal structure of the the ceria-based rare earth oxide which were roasted at 600～1050 ℃ for 2～6 h and then cooled in furnace, cooled out of furnace or cooled in water were studied by means of XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the rich cerium rare earth carbonate could be changed into the rare earth oxide which was a kind of sandwich made of globose granule whose diameter was between 0.5～3.0 μm after being roasted in 900 ℃ for 2 h. This kind of crystal lattice in rare earth oxide belonged to face-centered cubic lattice and its space between crystal surface {111} and {200} (viz. L111 and L200) would enlarge as the roasting temperature increasing. With increasing roasting temperature, L111 would rise straightly upward, and L200 would rise straightly upward when roasting time was 2～4 h but changed little when roasting time was 4～6 h. The glass-polishing experiments found that the polishing ability of the ceria-based rare earth oxide was the best as L111 was 43～53 nm and the L200 was 43～56 nm.

Dynamic Oxygen Storage Capacity Measurements on Ceria-Based Material

Dynamic oxygen storage and release capability （OSC） measurement apparatus was designed to evaluate the OSC performance of ceria-based oxygen storage material. The optimum measurement condition was at a frequency of 0.1 Hz with the inlet gas-flow sequence CO （5S）→O2（5S）→CO→O2 and a flow rate of 300 ml·min^-1. Under this condition, similar regular square wave in the inlet and outlet of the reactor was obtained to guarantee the reliability of the dynamic OSC results. The dynamic OSC performance of the CeO2 and Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 mixed oxide prepared using the citric sol-gel method was studied at the optimum measurement condition with focus on both quantitative and qualitative analyses, The results reveal distinctly that Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 had better dynamic OSC performance because of its higher oxygen migration rate than CeO2. Under dynamic conditions, two CO2 production peaks occurred corresponding to the CO pulse and the O2 pulse, respectively, during the entire cycle. The intensity and ratio between the two CO2 productions were highly influenced by temperature and frequency indicating complex surface phenomena during the oxygen storage/release process, As a result, this set-up can be applied to the evaluation of ceria-based material on the OSC performance.

Numerical Analyses of Ice Jamming in Jacket Platform Conductor Array in Bohai Sea

Serious ice accumulating,pile-up and ice jamming occur around the conductor array of offshore jacket platforms during the winter every year in Bohai Sea,which could cause grave threats to the stability of platform structure,the safety of people and equipment,and even severer calamity.Therefore,the process of ice accumulation and ice jamming in the jacket platform area needs more concern.This study focuses on ice accumulation and jamming behaviors in the jacket platform conductor area by using a coupled two-dimensional hydro-ice dynamics model.A series of cases are conducted with different flow conditions,such as flow velocity,drifting direction and oscillatory flow.Through the simulation,the ice pile-up process is described and changes in ice-jamming thickness,ice pile-up location and ice pile-up volume are investigated.The differences in ice pile-up in the steady flow and oscillatory flow are analyzed.This study proposes a new approach to simulate the ice jamming process in the jacket platform conductor area,providing a reference for ice management on the platform.

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Turbulence Intensity on Iced Conductors Gallop Phenomena

Turbulence is expected to play a relevant role in the so-called conductor gallop phenomena,namely,the high-amplitude,low-frequency oscillation of overhead power lines due to the formation of ice structures and the ensu-ing effect that wind can have on these.In this work,the galloping time history of a wire with distorted(fixed in time)shape due to the formation of ice is analyzed numerically in the frame of afluid-solid coupling method for different wind speeds and levels of turbulence.The results show that the turbulence intensity has a moderate effect on the increase of the conductor’s aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients due to ice accretion;nevertheless,the corresponding changes in the torsion coefficient are very significant and complicated.A high turbulence intensity can affect the torsion coefficient in a certain range of attack angles and increase the torsion angle of the conductor.Through comparison of the galloping phenomena for different wind velocities,it is found that the related amplitude grows significantly with an increase of the wind speed.For a relatively large wind speed,the galloping amplitude is more sensitive to the turbulence intensity.Moreover,the larger the turbulence intensity,the larger the conductor’s vertical and horizontal galloping amplitudes after icing.The torsion angle also increases with an increase in the wind speed and turbulence intensity.

Study on Load Bearing Characteristics of Novel Expandable Deepwater Drilling Conductor Based on Laboratory Experiment and Field Test

A novel expandable conductor was designed and applied in deep-water drilling to improve the vertical and lateral bearing capacity with a significant reduction of conductor jetting depth and soaking time. The vertical and lateral bearing capability of expandable conductors was depicted based on the ultimate subgrade reaction method and pile foundation bearing theory. The load-bearing characteristics of a laboratory-scale expandable conductor were analyzed through laboratory experiments. The serial simulation experiments are accomplished to study the bearing characteristics(vertical ultimate bearing capacity, lateral soil pressure, and lateral displacement) during the conductor soaking process. The laboratory experimental results show that the larger the length and thickness of expandable materials are,the higher the bearing capacity of the wellhead will be. During the conductor soaking process, the soil pressure around the three expandable conductors increases faster, strings representing a stronger squeezing effect and resulting in higher vertical bearing capacity. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of novel expandable conductor is smaller than that of the conventional conductor. All the advantages mentioned above contributed to the reduction of conductor’s jetting depth and soaking time. Lastly, the application workflow of a novel expandable deep-water drilling conductor was established and the autonomous expandable conductor was successfully applied in the South China Sea with a significant reduction of conductor’s jetting depth and soaking time. According to the soil properties and designed installation depth of the surface conductor, the arrangement of expandable materials should be designed reasonably to meet the safety condition and reduce the construction cost of the subsea wellhead.

Simulation analysis on microscopic discharge characteristics of the bipolar corona of a floating conductor

A floating conductor exhibits a bipolar corona phenomenon with microscopic discharge characteristics that are still unclear.In this study,a plasma simulation model of the bipolar corona with 108 chemical reaction equations is established by combining hydrodynamics and plasma chemical reactions.The evolution characteristics of electrons,positive ions,negative ions and neutral particles,as well as the distribution characteristics of space charges are analyzed,and the evolutionary flow of microscopic particles is summarized.The results indicate that the positive end of the bipolar corona initiates discharge before the negative end,but the plasma chemistry at the negative end is more vigorous.The electron generation rate can reach 1240 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1),and the dissipation rate can reach 34 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The positive ion swarm is dominated by O_(4)^(+),and the maximum generation rate can reach 440 mol((m^(3) s)^(-1).The negative ion swarm is mainly O_(2) and O_(4).The O_(2) content is approximately 1.5-3 times that of O_(4),and the maximum reaction rate can reach 51 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The final destination of neutral particles is an accumulation in the form of O_(3) and NO,and the amount of O3 produced is approximately 4-6 times that of NO.The positive end of the bipolar corona is dominated by positive space charges,which continue to develop and spread outwards in the form of a pulse wave.The negative end exhibits a space charge distribution structure of concentrated positive charges and diffused negative charges.The validity of the microscopic simulation analysis is verified by the macroscopic discharge phenomenon.

Research on Breeze Vibration Law and Modal Identification Method of Conductor Considering Anti-Vibration Hammer Damage

In the harsh environment,the structural health of the anti-vibration hammer,which suffers from the coupled effects of corrosion and fatigue damage,is significantly reduced.As part of the conductor structure,the anti-vibration hammer is rigidly attached to the conductor,effectively suppressing conductor vibration.The conductor’s breeze vibration law and natural modal frequency are altered damage to the anti-vibration hammer structure.Through built a vibration experiment platform to simulate multiple faults such as anti-vibration hammer head drop off and position slippage,which to obtained the vibration acceleration signal of the conductor.The acceleration vibration signal is processed and analyzed in the time and frequency domains.The results are used to derive the breeze vibration law of the conductor under multiple faults and propose an anti-vibration hammer damage online monitoring technology.The results show that the vibration acceleration value and vibration intensity of the conductor are significantly increased after the anti-vibration hammer damage.The natural frequency increases for each order,with an absolute change ranging from 0.15 to 6.49 Hz.The anti-vibration hammer slipped due to a loose connection,the 1st natural frequency increases from 8.18 to 16.62 Hz.Therefore,in engineering applications,there can be no contact to determine the anti-vibration hammer damage situation by monitoring the modal natural frequency of the conductor.This is even a tiny damage that cannot be seen.This method will prevent the further expansion of the damage that can cause accidents.

应用脉冲回波的避雷线断线检测系统研究

为高效率、低成本地检测风力发电机组桨叶避雷线断线位置,设计基于脉冲回波的避雷线断线检测系统。该系统以单端行波法为原理,由信号发生模块,传感器模块,信号采集模块、控制器模块四部分构成。信号发生模块负责产生行波脉冲信号,传感器模块负责采集回波信号,信号采集模块负责将采集到的回波信号处理转化送给控制模块,控制模块负责分析回波信号,判断故障类型和故障点位置。该文对各个模块的电路和性能参数进行设计,搭建整体的检测系统。经实验验证,该系统可以精准的实现断线判断,并获得断线位置,测量误差精确到0.5 m以内。

特高压电网不等高差短导线的受力性能

目前中国的特高压电网技术得到了快速发展。然而,工程中常由于忽视对导线受力性能的分析而酿成绝缘事故。根据导线两端挂线点的空间位置,其连接方式可分为等高差导线连接和不等高差导线连接。为此,本文提出了一种计算不等高差短导线端子在不同方向上受力性能的经验公式。通过改变挂线点之间的水平间隔距离、竖直高度差两个因素,开展了不同空间布局组合状态下的导线端子的受力特性分析,提出了可供设计参考的导线端部力学分析公式。结果表明经验公式具有良好的工程适用性。导线两端的受力特性不仅与环境荷载有关,与导线型号、两端竖直高度差、两端水平间隔距离等因素有关。

毫米波多内导体布喇格结构电磁特性研究

基于多模耦合理论,利用三维电磁仿真软件CST对毫米波双内导体和三内导体布喇格结构电磁特性分别进行了比较研究。结果表明:双内导体布喇格结构相比同轴布喇格结构可以抑制竞争模式,反射率稳定并接近1,对称性结构电磁特性优于非对称性结构;随着内导体距离同轴轴心距离的增大,双内导体布喇格结构频率响应带宽变宽,且当内导体距离同轴轴心距离较远时,带宽变宽趋势明显,而反射率值趋于稳定;对于三内导体布喇格结构,随着内导体距离同轴轴心距离的增大,频率响应带宽变窄,且当内导体距离同轴轴心距离较近时,带宽变宽趋势明显。因此,可根据实际需要恰当选择毫米波多内导体布喇格结构参数,拓宽其作为反射器或者滤波器的性能,提高模式的选择性及模式的纯度,改善布喇格结构的性能。

基于充电导体模型的水力压裂电磁响应特征分析

随着中国非常规、超低渗油气资源的大力开发,压裂监测技术迎来重大发展机遇。电磁法在地球物理探测方面具有成本低、时效性强、探测深度大等优点,但面对大深度压裂环境,电磁压裂监测技术的可行性亟须论证。基于充电导体和电偶极源扩散电磁场理论,首先构建了不同深度和不同长度下的裂缝压裂模型,分析了各模型的地面总场及异常场的电磁响应特征。分析结果表明:利用井地电磁法进行压裂监测时,观测总场对裂缝长度增加引起的电磁响应不敏感,异常场存在低值带;深度为4000 m时,电磁异常小于1%,深度越大异常场衰减越严重,且相邻测点间异常场的绝对值与深度呈负相关,电磁法压裂监测技术难以兼顾探测精度与探测深度。然后,通过建立压裂监测物理模型,分析实测数据电磁异常曲线特征,验证了理论计算的正确性。最后,结合前人理论成果和实践经验,提出了一种井中激发—地面接收的测网式电磁法压裂监测观测系统,对测区范围与测点间距进行合理约束,系统具有野外施工简捷、监测深度大等优势,为电磁法压裂监测提供了新的发展方向。

导线倾角与覆冰过程扭转因素对覆冰形状特性影响研究

输电导线覆冰严重威胁电网运行安全,准确预测导线覆冰形状和增长趋势,可以有效预防次生灾害的发生.已有输电导线覆冰增长预测模型较少考虑覆冰偏心扭转对导线表面覆冰形状的影响.为此,综合考虑覆冰偏心、风速等对导线的耦合扭转特性,建立输电导线动态扭转覆冰预测模型.基于预测模型对导线表面覆冰形状进行预测模拟并与文献实验数据对比,验证了模型的有效性.利用预测模型,进一步讨论导线倾角及温度、风速和MVD(水滴中值直径)对冰形和扭转速度的影响.研究发现,导线迎风面覆冰厚度随着倾斜角度的增加,分层现象逐渐明显.与水平布置(零倾角)导线对比,倾斜角度为60°时,导线覆冰面积分别增加18.26%(覆冰125 min)、26.30%(覆冰245 min),扭转角度分别增加10.4°(覆冰125 min)、16.2°(覆冰245 min),冰形呈“沟壑”状.

兼顾传输功率和衰减因素的同轴线半径比优化方法

针对传统的通用型同轴线产品设计、制造基础理论缺陷和目前微波采油现场利用地下石油管构建超长、功率容量大及能量损耗小的井筒同轴线工程需求,进行通用型同轴线结构优化理论和设计方法研究;突破经典的单因素优化方法约束,基于同轴线上传输功率、能量损耗与衰减系数三者之间固有的物理关系,构造兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响的目标函数数学模型;提出同轴线半径比优化设计方法。结果表明:通用型同轴线的外、内导体半径比最优值为2.11,特性阻抗标称值为45Ω;同轴线传输特性对其导体半径比的变化很敏感,应用经典的单因素优化结果不能满足使用要求,只有兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响才能使通用型同轴线具有通用性功能,本文的理论结果与同轴线单模传输公式相结合,构成了完整的通用型同轴线结构优化设计理论体系。

三相导线-相间间隔体系直流融冰热特性有限元及脱冰动力响应分析

为研究输电线路导线直流融冰非对称运行特性,以LGJ-400/50输电导线为研究对象,建立不同运行条件下的输电导线实体模型,采用COMSOL软件探究不同覆冰厚度对导线温度分布的影响,并对不同环境温度和不同风速对导线中心点温度变化进行分析,得到脱冰时刻导线温度作为初始条件施加,应用ANSYS LS-DYNA PrepPost非线性结构动力学模型,建立实际运行过程三相导线-相间间隔体系有限元模型,分析导线体系直流融冰非对称脱冰动力响应。结果表明,在采用不同融冰方案工况下,不同脱冰相数下导线体系最大脱冰跳跃高度不同,三相导线-相间间隔导线体系在融冰过程中相比单导线脱冰情况具有非对称性,依据间隔棒布置条件对导线体系脱冰动力响应影响规律,能够优化导线相间距进而保证直流融冰过程安全运行。

基于分数阶传输线模型的轨道电路暂态分析

为了准确分析暂态信号对ZPW-2000A型轨道电路的影响,考虑传输线中由集肤效应引起的频变损耗问题,建立轨道电路分数阶多导体传输线(Multi-conductor Transmission Line,MTL)模型,针对ZPW-2000A轨道电路高频损耗下暂态响应分析,提出在时域内对轨道电路接收端电压的求解方法.基于传输线理论建立轨道电路传输线系统模型,根据得到的模型建立分数阶传输线方程并对其进行求解.首先,在空间域上利用紧凑有限差分法(Compact Finite Difference Method,CFD)将轨道电路分数阶传输线模型的偏微分方程组离散为常微分方程组;其次,利用G-L分数阶定义将以上方程组转化为整数阶常微分方程组;最后,利用精细积分与递归卷积相结合的方法,得到传输线上每点的电压与电流响应.在双指数信号激励下,通过与状态变量法对比验证了该方法的准确性,两种求解方法的误差在7%以内,且本文方法耗时较短.分析了不同暂态信号输入下轨面过电压变化规律,发现信号频率越大,轨面过电压幅值越小;道床电阻越大,轨面过电压幅值越大且信号从衰减到稳定的时间越长.本文方法可以准确、高效地分析高频损耗下ZPW-2000A型轨道电路暂态响应.

基于镜像法的高频圆导线变压器漏感计算模型

高频变压器漏感是影响固态变压器功率传输特性及运行可靠性的一个重要参数,在设计阶段需要对其进行快速、精确的预测。由于数值法计算成本高昂,难以满足变压器设计阶段快速预测漏感的要求,目前常采用解析法计算漏感参数。基于一维磁场假设的计算模型忽略了绕组端部效应的影响,无法准确估计漏感。多数二维计算模型虽然考虑了横向漏磁通的影响,但泊松方程的求解及电流密度的级数表征导致其计算过程过于繁琐。因此,该文基于镜像原理准确提取磁芯窗口区域的漏磁场,推导该区域直流漏磁能量的解析表达式,并引入计及绕组集肤效应和邻近效应的频率相关因子,揭示宽频区间内漏感的衰减规律,建立能够同时考虑频变特性和绕组端部效应的漏感解析计算模型。最后,搭建漏感测量平台,针对具有不同孔隙率的变压器样机开展详细的实验研究。结果表明:所建模型的最大相对误差不超过5%,验证了该模型的准确性和有效性。

狭窄空间内矩形导体电流测量装置设计与优化

针对狭窄空间内矩形导体电流测量,提出了一种基于霍尔元件椭圆阵列的电流测量装置,通过理论计算和有限元仿真分析确定了相对最优的阵列分布,搭建实验平台并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性,以及导体偏心状态下电流测量的有效性,同时分析了导体偏心状态下的电流测量偏心误差。仿真和实验结果表明,椭圆阵列电流测量装置在行业允许的±1%误差限内,允许导线X轴偏心-4.1~4.1 mm,Y轴无限制;且与传统电流测量装置相比,重量减轻82.9%,安装占用面积减小72.4%,对狭窄空间的适用性更强,为新能源产品轻量化、小型化、持续降本提供了技术支持。