Esophagogastric junction gastrointestinal stromal tumor:Resection vs enucleation

Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) are extremely uncommon,representing approximately 5% of GISTs with the majority of esophageal GISTs occurring at the esophagogastric junction(EGJ).The treatment options available for these GISTs are fairly controversial.Many different options are nowadays at our disposal.From surgery to the target therapies we have the possibility to treat the majority of GISTs,including those which are defined as unresectable.The EGJ GISTs represent a stimulating challenge for the surgeon.The anatomical location increases the possibility of postoperative complications.As the role of negative margins in GIST surgery is still controversial and the eff icacy of target therapy has been demonstrated,why not treat EGJ GISTs with enucleation and,where indicated,adjuvant target therapy?

Enucleation for gastrointestinal stromal tumors at the esophagogastric junction:Is this an adequate solution?

The authors discussed the proposal by Coccolini and colleagues to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) at the esophagogastric junction with enucleation and,if indicated,adjuvant therapy,reducing the risks related to esophageal and gastroesophageal resection.They concluded that,because the prognostic impact of a T1 high-mitotic rate on esophageal GIST is worse than that of a T1 high-mitotic rate on gastric GIST,enucleation may not be an adequate surgery for esophagogastric GISTs with a high mitotic rate in which the guarantee of negative resection margins and adjuvant therapies can be the only chance of survival.

Laparoscopic vs.open surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumors of esophagogastric junction:A multicenter,retrospective cohort analysis with propensity score weighting

Objective:Laparoscopic resection is increasingly performed for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).However,the laparoscopic approach for GISTs located in the esophagogastric junction(EGJ-GIST)is surgically challenging.This study compares the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and the open procedure for EGJ-GIST through the propensity score weighting(PSW)method.Methods:Between April 2006 and April 2018,1,824 surgical patients were diagnosed with primary gastric GIST at four medical centers in South China.Of these patients,228 were identified as EGJ-GISTs and retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological characteristics,operative information,and long-term outcomes.PSW was used to create the balanced cohorts.Results:PSW was carried out in laparoscopic and open-surgery cohorts according to year of surgery,sex,age,body mass index(BMI),tumor size,mitotic rates and recurrence risk.After PSW,438 patients consisting of 213 laparoscopic(L group)and 225 open surgery(O group)patients were enrolled.After PSW,the following measures in the L group were superior to those in the O group:median operative time[interquartile range(IQR)]:100.0(64.5-141.5)vs.149.0(104.0-197.5)min,P<0.001;median blood loss(IQR):30.0(10.0-50.0)vs.50.0(20.0-100.0)mL,P=0.002;median time to liquid intake(IQR):3.0(2.0-4.0)vs.4.0(3.0-5.0)d,P<0.001;median hospital stay(IQR):6.0(4.0-8.0)vs.7.0(5.0-12.0)d,P<0.001;and postoperative complications(10.3%vs.22.7%,P=0.001).The median follow-up was 55(range,2-153)months in the entire cohort.No significant differences were detected in either relapse-free survival(RFS)[hazard ratio(HR):0.372,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.072-1.910,P=0.236]or overall survival(OS)(HR:0.400,95%CI:0.119-1.343,P=0.138)between the two groups.Conclusions:Laparoscopic surgery for EGJ-GIST is associated with the advantages of shorter operative time,reduced blood loss,shorter time to liquid intake,and shorter length of stay,all without compromising postoperative outcomes and long-term survival.

Evidence-based approach to the treatment of esophagogastric junction tumors

The incidence of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)adenocarcinoma is increasing in developed nations due to the rising prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease.Due to the peculiar location in a histological transition zone between the esophagus and the stomach,the management of EGJ tumors is controversial.Two main surgical approaches exist:total gastrectomy with distal esophagectomy or esophagectomy by either transhiatal or transthoracic approach.These operations differ significantly in the extent of lymphadenectomy.In addition,patients with locally advanced disease can receive either preoperative chemoradiation or perioperative chemotherapy.This evidence-based review analyzes current evidence regarding the management of EGJ tumors in order to help defining the best surgical and systemic treatment of these patients.

Surgical resection of esophagogastric junction stromal tumor: How to protect the cardiac function

BACKGROUND Various surgical procedures have been described for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)at the esophagogastric junction(EGJ)close to the Z-line.However,surgery for EGJ-GIST involving Z-line has been rarely reported.AIM To introduce a novel technique called conformal resection(CR)for open resection of EGJ-GIST involving Z-line.METHODS In this retrospective study,43 patients having GISTs involving Z-line were included.The perioperative outcomes of patients receiving CR(n=18)was compared with that of proximal gastrectomy(PG)(n=25).RESULTS CR was successfully performed in all the patients with negative microscopic margins.The mean operative time,time to first passage of flatus,and postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CR group(P<0.05),while the intraoperative blood loss was similar in the two groups.The postoperative gastroesophageal reflux as diagnosed by esophageal 24-h pH monitoring and quality of life at 3 mo were significantly in favor of CR compared to PG(both P<0.001).The 5-year disease-free survival between the two groups was similar(P=0.163).The cut-off value for the determination of CR or PG was 7.0 mm above the Z-line(83.33%sensitivity,84.00%specificity,83.72%accuracy).CONCLUSION CR is safe and feasible for EGJ-GIST located within 7.0 mm above the Z-line.

Predictors of difficult endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer at the esophagogastric junction

BACKGROUND Endoscopic resection approaches,including endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER)and endoscopic fullthickness resection(EFTR),have been widely used for the treatment of submucosal tumors(SMTs)located in the upper gastrointestinal tract.However,compared to SMTs located in the esophagus or stomach,endoscopic resection of SMTs from the esophagogastric junction(EGJ)is much more difficult because of the sharp angle and narrow lumen of the EGJ.SMTs originating from the muscularis propria(MP)in the EGJ,especially those that grow extraluminally and adhere closely to the serosa,make endoscopic resection even more difficult.AIM To investigate the predictors of difficult endoscopic resection for SMTs from the MP layer at the EGJ.METHODS A total of 90 patients with SMTs from the MP layer at the EGJ were included in the present study.The difficulty of endoscopic resection was defined as a long procedure time,failure of en bloc resection and intraoperative bleeding.Clinicopathological,endoscopic and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.Statistical analysis of independent risks for piecemeal resection,long operative time,and intraoperative bleeding were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS According to the location and growth pattern of the tumor,44 patients underwent STER,14 patients underwent EFTR,and the remaining 32 patients received a standard ESD procedure.The tumor size was 20.0 mm(range 5.0–100.0 mm).Fourty-seven out of 90 lesions(52.2%)were regularly shaped.The overall en bloc resection rate was 84.4%.The operation time was 43 min(range 16–126 min).The intraoperative bleeding rate was 18.9%.There were no adverse events that required therapeutic intervention during or after the procedures.The surgical approach had no significant correlation with en bloc resection,long operative time or intraoperative bleeding.Large tumor size(≥30 mm)and irregular tumor shape were independent predictors for piecemeal resection(OR:7.346,P=0.032 and OR:18.004,P=0.029,respectively),long operative time(≥60 min)(OR:47.330,P=0.000 and OR:6.863,P=0.034,respectively)and intraoperative bleeding(OR:20.631,P=0.002 and OR:19.020,P=0.021,respectively).CONCLUSION Endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for SMTs in the MP layer at the EGJ.Tumors with large size and irregular shape were independent predictors for difficult endoscopic resection.

Uncharted Territory: Frequent Relapsing, Steroid Sensitive Secondary Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome Cause by Solid Tumor of the Gastro-Esophageal Junction —(Case Presentation and Review of the Literature)

We reported a biopsy proved case of minimal change nephrotic syndrome in a 72-year-old patient. The minimal change nephrotic syndrome has been steroid sensitive, but the patient had 7 relapses over a span of 5 years. Each time the dose of steroid is tapered, a relapse of the nephrotic syndrome occurred. Eventually, the patient was complaining of dysphagia and difficulty swallowing. Hospital work-up with barium swallow, endoscopy, and CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, revealed a focal stenotic lesion with mild to moderate esophageal dysmotility 7/15/2022. A diagnosis of an ulcerating lesion with biopsy confirmed a neuro-endocrine carcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction was entertained. The CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis, 7/19/2022, has shown, an esophageal mass of 5.1 × 5.6 × 7 cm of the gastro-esophageal junction with ulceration. No evidence of spread beyond the esophagus and stomach. The histology revealed a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the gastro-esophageal junction. The patient underwent several rounds of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery culminating in tumor control. His nephrotic syndrome was resolved after the tumor has been controlled by surgery and chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction:a New Topic for the Tumor Registry

Linzhou, Yangcheng, Shexian and Yangzhong counties are considered to be high-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma using traditional standards. However, based on the incidence of malignant tumors and death statistics from 1998-2002 in Chinese cities and counties, the incidence of esophageal carcinoma in these counties was not the most prominent. In these areas, the incidence of gastric cancer ranked first. So what are the differences between the above-mentioned areas and Changle in Fujina and Linqu in Shandong Province？ The authors have combined the defined norms for cardiac cancer, published by the WHO in 2000, with the epidemiological changes in high-risk areas of esophageal carcinoma. We propose to discuss the importance of cardiac cancer morbidity and death registration in tumor monitoring sites all over China, and to provide new views related to this topic of interest.

Evaluating the use of three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology for precise laparoscopic resection in gastroesophageal junction cancer

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction(EGJ)carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function,thereby providing patients with better treatment outcomes and quality of life.Nonetheless,this surgical technique also presents some challenges and limitations.Therefore,three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology(3D RVT)has been introduced into the procedure,providing doctors with more comprehensive and intuitive anatomical information that helps with surgical planning,navigation,and outcome evaluation.AIM To discuss the application and advantages of 3D RVT in precise laparoscopic resection of EGJ carcinomas.METHODS Data were obtained from the electronic or paper-based medical records at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2020 to June 2022.A total of 120 patients diagnosed with EGJ carcinoma were included in the study.Of these,68 underwent laparoscopic resection after computed tomography(CT)-enhanced scanning and were categorized into the 2D group,whereas 52 underwent laparoscopic resection after CT-enhanced scanning and 3D RVT and were categorized into the 3D group.This study had two outcome measures:the deviation between tumor-related factors(such as maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length)in 3D RVT and clinical reality,and surgical outcome indicators(such as operative time,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,R0 resection rate,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative gas discharge time,drainage tube removal time,and related complications)between the 2D and 3D groups.RESULTS Among patients included in the 3D group,27 had a maximum tumor diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 25 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,24 had a diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 28 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.346,P=0.556),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.808.With respect to infiltration length,in the 3D group,23 patients had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 29 had a length of 5 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,20 cases had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 32 had a length of 5 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.357,P=0.550),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.486.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length measured using 3D RVT were positively correlated with clinical observations during surgery(r=0.814 and 0.490,both P<0.05).The 3D group had a shorter operative time(157.02±8.38 vs 183.16±23.87),less intraoperative blood loss(83.65±14.22 vs 110.94±22.05),and higher number of lymph node dissections(28.98±2.82 vs 23.56±2.77)and R0 resection rate(80.77%vs 61.64%)than the 2D group.Furthermore,the 3D group had shorter hospital stay[8(8,9)vs 13(14,16)],time to gas passage[3(3,4)vs 4(5,5)],and drainage tube removal time[4(4,5)vs 6(6,7)]than the 2D group.The complication rate was lower in the 3D group(11.54%)than in the 2D group(26.47%)(χ^(2)=4.106,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using 3D RVT,doctors can gain a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the anatomy and related lesions of EGJ carcinomas,thus enabling more accurate surgical planning.

Internalization of NK cells into tumor cells requires ezrin and leads to programmed cell-in-cell death

Cytotoxic lymphocytes are key players in the orchestration of immune response and elimination of defective cells. We have previously reported that natural killer （NK） cells enter target tumor ceils, leading to either target cell death or self-destruction within tumor cells. However, it has remained elusive as to the fate of NK cells after internalization and whether the heterotypic cell-in-cell process is different from that of the homotypic cell-in-cell event recently named entosis. Here, we show that NK cells undergo a cell-in-cell process with the ultimate fate of apoptosis within tumor cells and reveal that the internalization process requires the actin cytoskeletal regulator, ezrin. To visualize how NK cells enter into tumor cells, we carried out real-time dual color imaging analyses of NK cell internalization into tumor cells. Surprisingly, most NK cells commit to programmed cell death after their entry into tumor cells, which is distinctively different from entosis observed in the homotypic cell-in-cell process. The apoptotic cell death of the internalized NK cells was evident by activation of caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, NK cell death after internalization is attenuated by the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, confirming apoptosis as the mode of NK cell death within tumor cells. To determine protein factors essential for the entry of NK cells into tumor cells, we car- ried out siRNA-based knockdown analysis and discovered a critical role of ezrin in NK cell internalization. Impor- tantly, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ezrin promotes the NK cell internalization process. Our findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism by which ezrin governs NK cell internalization into tumor cells.

Tumor rupture during surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Pay attention!

In a recently published letter to the editor, we debated the proposal by Coccolini et al to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the esophagogastric junction with enucleation and, if indicated, adjuvant therapy. We highlighted that, because the prognostic impact of a T1 high-mitotic rate esophageal GIST is worse than that of a T1 high-mitotic rate gastric GIST, enucleation may not be adequate surgery for esophagogastric GISTs with a high mitotic rate. In rebuttal, Coccolini et al pointed out the possible bias in assessment of the mitotic rates due to the lack of standardized methods and underlined that the site and features of the tumor need to be carefully considered in evaluation of the risk-benefit balance. Here we confirm that, apart from the problematic issue of mitotic counting, enucleation should not be indicated for GISTs at any site to reduce the risk of tumor rupture, which has been recently considered to be an unfavorable prognostic factor, and to avoid microscopic residual tumor.

Risk factors associated with early recurrence of adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction after curative resection

Objective： To clarify the important clinicopathological factors affecting the early recurrence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction （/kEG）. Methods： We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 147 AEG patients who underwent R0 resection during the period from December 1995 to December 2007. Risk factors asssociated with the early recurrence were analyzed by X2 test and logistic regression test. Results： The mean time to tumor recurrence was 16.3 months after R0 resection, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 48.3%. Univariate analysis showed that the histological grade （poorly and moderately differentiated）, number of positive lymph nodes, and vascular invasion were significantly related with the early recurrence （P〈0.05）. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that only histological grade and vascular invasion were independently related with early tumor recurrence （P〈0.05）, Conclusions： Histological grade and vascular tumor recurrence after R0 resection for/kEG. invasion are independent factors for predicting the early

Tuberous sclerosis patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction:A case report

BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is a rare inherited disease with non-cancerous tumor growths in the skin,brain,kidneys,heart,and lungs.The co-occurrence of neuroendocrine neoplasm(NEN)with TSC is even rarer.There have been few reports on the relationship between TSC and neuroendocrine tumors(NETs),and fewer on the relationship between TSC and neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC),a subtype of NEN.This is the first reported case of NEC occurring at the esophagogastric junction in a patient with TSC.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old woman visiting our hospital for the treatment of TSC was admitted to the emergency department with tarry stools and dizziness.Computed tomography scans revealed thickness of the gastric cardia,multiple metastatic lesions of the liver,and enlarged lymph nodes near the lesser curvature of the stomach.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a type 3 tumor located from the esophagogastric junction to the fundus,and the pathological diagnosis by biopsy was NEC.The patient was treated with seven courses of cisplatin+irinotecan,followed by eight courses of ramucirumab+nab-paclitaxel,one course of nivolumab,and two courses of S-1+oxaliplatin.Twenty-three months after the first treatment,the patient died because of disease progression and deterioration of the general condition.CONCLUSION This case of NEC occurring in a patient with TSC indicates a difference in the occurrence of NETs and NECs.

Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma:Preoperative chemoradiation or perioperative chemotherapy?

Multimodal treatment is currently the standard of care for locally advanced esophagogastric junction(EGJ)adenocarcinoma due to poor results after surgery alone.Neoadjuvant therapy is intended to shrink the tumor and eliminate potential circulating tumor cells.However,which neoadjuvant treatment is best for patients with EGJ tumors remains controversial.We aimed to compare outcomes of preoperative chemoradiation and perioperative chemotherapy for EGJ adenocarcinomas.For this purpose,we performed a thorough review of the literature describing neoadjuvant treatments for EGJ adenocarcinomas or comparing both therapies.Although some studies have shown better locoregional control and higher rates of complete pathologic response after chemoradiation,data suggest that both types of neoadjuvant therapy have similar survival benefits.As current data are heterogeneous and many studies have included significantly different types of patients in their analysis,future studies with better patient selection are still needed to define which neoadjuvant therapy should be chosen.In addition,targeted therapies and immunotherapy have promising results and should be further explored.

HN1L、PLK1在食管胃交界腺癌中的表达及与肿瘤进展和患者预后的关系研究

目的探讨血液和神经表达1样蛋白(HN1L)、Polo样激酶1蛋白(PLK1)在食管胃交界腺癌(AEGJ)中的表达及其与肿瘤进展和患者预后的关系。方法回顾性收集2017年6月至2020年6月邯郸市第一医院手术切除的105例AEGJ组织及其距离肿瘤边缘5 cm处的癌旁组织。采用免疫组化法观察并比较癌组织和癌旁组织HN1L、PLK1表达评分,比较不同临床特征AEGJ患者癌组织HN1L、PLK1表达评分,采用Pearson相关分析两种蛋白表达评分的相关性,根据表达评分分组,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,预后分析采用多因素Cox回归分析。结果癌组织中HN1L、PLK1表达评分均显著高于癌旁组织(均P<0.05)。相比于肿瘤-淋巴结-远处转移(TNM)分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移AEGJ患者,TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移AEGJ患者癌组织HN1L、PLK1表达评分显著升高(均P<0.05)。癌组织HN1L表达评分与PLK1表达评分呈正相关(P<0.01)。AEGJ患者3年总生存率为43.8%。生存分析显示,HN1L高表达组患者和PLK1高表达组患者3年总生存率均显著低于HN1L低表达组和PLK1低表达组(均P<0.01)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、HN1L和PLK1高表达是影响AEGJ患者预后的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。结论AEGJ患者癌组织HN1L、PLK1表达与肿瘤恶性程度有关,可作为预测患者预后的潜在指标。

肿瘤坏死因子-α对小鼠小肠类器官生长、屏障功能和肠道功能细胞的影响

[目的]研究肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)对小肠类器官生长、紧密连接蛋白及各种功能细胞标记基因的影响,以建立小肠类器官的疾病损伤模型。[方法]取小鼠小肠,用温和细胞解离试剂(GCDR)消化液分离小鼠隐窝细胞并用肠道类器官培养基培养。选取0(对照组)、50、250、500 ng/mL TNF-α刺激小肠类器官48 h,光学显微镜下观察类器官生长情况,Edu染色示踪细胞增殖的情况,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞增殖、屏障功能和肠道功能细胞标记基因mRNA表达水平。[结果](1)与对照组相比,50和250 ng/mL TNF-α显著降低小肠类器官的出芽率(P<0.05),而对类器官形成率无影响(P>0.05);250和500 ng/mL TNF-α导致小肠类器官坏死率显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,250 ng/mL TNF-α显著降低小肠类器官紧密连接蛋白Occludin mRNA表达量(P<0.05);500 ng/mL TNF-α显著提高小肠类器官紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1 mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,50、250、500 ng/mL的TNF-α均导致TNF-α mRNA表达量显著上升(P<0.05),但对白细胞介素6(IL-6)的表达量无显著影响(P>0.05);250和500 ng/mL TNF-α导致IL-1β mRNA表达量显著上升(P<0.05)。(4)250 ng/mL TNF-α导致增殖细胞标记基因Ki67和Pcna基因mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。(5)与对照组相比,50 ng/mL TNF-α刺激显著降低Lgr5基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05);250和500 ng/mL TNF-α刺激显著降低Muc2、Chga和Lyz基因mRNA表达量;250 ng/mL TNF-α刺激显著降低Alpi基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。[结论]250 ng/mL TNF-α刺激可抑制小肠类器官的生长,抑制肠道干细胞的增殖及各种功能细胞的分化。本研究结果可为今后临床应用提供参考。

规范化淋巴结分拣对胃食管结合部恶性肿瘤手术治疗的效果

目的 探讨手术后规范淋巴结分拣对胃食管结合部恶性肿瘤手术疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析医院外科胃癌数据库中所有胃食管结合部恶性患者资料,根据手术后是否有外科医生立即进行淋巴结分拣,将患者分为淋巴结分拣组(分拣组)和淋巴结未分拣组(未分拣组);一般资料包括性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、术前白蛋白水平、术前血红蛋白等,围术期及病理资料包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤距上切缘距离、淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数等;使用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-rank检验进行生存分析,倾向性评分匹配分析调整组间混杂因素。结果 共纳入患者386例,淋巴结分拣组、未分拣组分别为133、253例,中位随访时间40.18月;分拣组淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数分别为(26.38±12.18)、(6.63±10.14)枚,未分拣组淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数分别为(12.25±7.06)、(3.07±3.77)枚,淋巴结分拣组与未分拣组在淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),未匹配前分拣组和未分拣组生存差异无统计学意义;两组进展期胃癌患者分别为112、203例,分拣组患者总体生存曲线优于未分拣组,中位生存时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);将卡钳值设置为0.02,倾向性匹配94对患者,匹配后分拣组淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数分别为(24.71±12.03)、(5.70±9.95)枚,未分拣组淋巴结总数、阳性淋巴结数分别为(13.05±7.63)、(3.37±4.32)枚,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),分拣组患者总体生存曲线优于未分拣组,中位生存时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 胃癌术后淋巴结分拣可显著提高总淋巴结、阳性淋巴结送检数目,降低淋巴结迁移,改善术后生存时间。

胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤的手术策略

目的明确胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤定义,建立其临床分型,并根据术前临床分型选择胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤手术治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月南部战区总医院收治的11例胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤患者。根据肿瘤与胸腰椎相对解剖位置的关系,将横向最远端距脊柱后正中线距离≥6 cm的肿瘤定义为胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤,并制定新的临床分型,即椎旁型(肿瘤未超过椎体前缘)和椎前型(肿瘤超过椎体前缘)。对椎旁型采用后路肿瘤切除术,对椎前型行后路联合前路肿瘤切除术。术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月及每年行X线、CT及MRI检查,评价肿瘤切除情况、是否复发及脊柱稳定性、内固定情况;定期随访并评估术后疼痛改善情况。结果椎旁型8例,5例行后路肿瘤切除术+内固定术,3例行后路肿瘤切除术。椎前型3例,2例行后路+前路肿瘤切除术,1例行后路+前路肿瘤切除术+内固定术。术前与术后JOA及VAS评分差异有统计学意义(分别为P=0.03;P<0.001)。术后组织病理学确诊为神经鞘瘤9例,神经纤维瘤2例。11例均获随访。随访时间6个月~2年。所有患者术后复查均未见肿瘤复发,神经症状均明显改善,胸腰背部无酸痛感,内固定无松动、断裂。结论肿瘤横向最远端距脊柱后正中线距离≥6 cm为胸腰交界椎旁巨大哑铃形肿瘤,可分为椎旁型和椎前型。椎旁型采用单纯后路肿瘤切除术即可实现满意切除;椎前型宜采用后路联合前路肿瘤切除术方能实现满意切除。

缝隙连接蛋白26与肿瘤关系的研究进展

缝隙连接蛋白(Connexin,Cx)是一种介导细胞间信息交流与物质交换的跨膜蛋白,其功能和表达的改变[如异常表达、亚细胞定位改变及缝隙连接细胞间通讯(Gap junction intercellular communication,GJIC)缺失]常参与多种肿瘤的发生发展。缝隙连接蛋白26(Connexin 26,Cx26)是缝隙连接蛋白家族的重要成员,与癌症的关系复杂。在不同肿瘤组织中,Cx26以GJIC依赖性或GJIC非依赖性作用发挥抑癌或促癌作用。此外,Cx26与多种肿瘤预后相关,具有作为肿瘤预后标志物及抗肿瘤治疗靶点的巨大潜力。本文对Cx26与多种肿瘤的关系及机制进行综述,为Cx26作为抗肿瘤治疗的干预靶点提供思路。

胃食管结合部恶性肿瘤的外科治疗

近年来有胃食管结合部恶性肿瘤患者的数量逐渐增加,外科手术治疗是其最主要的治疗方式,然而对该肿瘤的最佳手术方式及切除范围一直还未有一个普遍的共识。由于胃食管结合部肿瘤特殊的生物学特性,其手术方式不可能单纯地按照食管或胃肿瘤的手术方式进行选择,从而导致了其治疗的选择的多样性。充分认识胃食管结合部肿瘤的分类及手术选择,有利于对肿瘤进行判别并选择手术的最佳手术切除方式,淋巴结清扫范围和消化道重建方式。笔者查阅了国内外相关文献,就胃食管结合部恶性肿瘤的分型、手术方式及入径、淋巴结清扫范围及消化道重建进行综述,探讨胃食管结合部肿瘤的外科治疗选择及其治疗前景。