Identifying flow regime in the aquifer of fractured rock system in Germi Chai Basin,Iran

Considering the importance of fractured rock aquifers in the hydrogeologic process,this research aimed to analyze the flow regime,internal degree of karstification,and estimate storage volume in fractured rock aquifers of the Germi Chai Basin in northwest Iran,which is attributed to its active tectonics,erosion,and the lithological diversity.Given the geological setting,the hypothesis is that this basin is characterized by a high degree of karstification and diffuse or intermediate flow regime leading to variation in discharge flow rate.The hydrodynamic and hadrochemical analysis was conducted on 9 well distributed springs across the basin from 2019 to 2020.The maximum flow rate in most of the springs appeared in the early wet season despite their different levels of fluctuations on the monthly discharge time series.Analyzing the spring recession curve form revealed an aquifer containing multiple micro-regimes withαrecession coefficients and a degree of karstification ranging between 0.001 to 0.06 and 0.55 to 2.61,respectively.These findings indicated a dominant diffuse and intermediate flow system resulting from the development of a high density of fractures in this area.The electrical conductivity of the spring changes inversely proportional to the change in flow discharge,indicating the reasonable hydrological response of the aquifer to rainfall events.Hydrograph analysis revealed that the delay time of spring discharge after rainfall events mostly varies between 10 to 30 days.The total dynamic storage volume of the spring for a given period(2019-2020)was estimated to be approximately 1324 million cubic meters reflecting the long-term drainage potential and high perdurability of dynamic storage.Estimating the maximum and minimum ratio revealed that the springs recharging system in Germi Chai Basin comes under the slow aquifers category.This finding provides valuable insight into the hydrogeological properties of fractured rock aquifers contributing to effective water management strategy.

Characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu decoction based on randomized controlled trials: A bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu(XCH)decoction in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using a bibliometric method.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to May 27,2022.In the study,XCH decoction(or modified)used alone or combined with conventional Western medicine as an intervention measure was included.The basic characteristics,funding support,relevant diseases,intervention methods,and adverse events(AEs)were analyzed.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:A total of 813 RCTs were included,published from 1989 to 2022.There was only one Englishlanguage literature with the recent impact factor of 5.374.There were 147 studies were from Chineselanguage core journals,with the highest impact factor of 2.414.Only 6.15%of the literatures mentioned funding support.96.31%of the included literature reported the statistical significance of using XCH decoction.The diseases treated mainly included chronic hepatitis B(9.35%),cough variant asthma(5.66%),dizziness(5.54%),bile reflux gastritis(4.43%),and fever(4.18%).However,the overall research design of the included literature was poor,and large sample size,multicenter RCTs are needed.The incidence of AEs of XCH decoction alone was 8.86%,which was significantly lower than that of conventional Western medicine treatment.The combination of XCH decoction and conventional Western medicine treatment could reduce the incidence of AEs,and no serious adverse event was reported.Conclusion:Although the included studies show that XCH decoction is widely used,and has good efficacy and few AEs.Due to the low quality of the included RCTs,there may be some bias,and its rational use based on the specific conditions is recommended in clinical practice.

基于CHAI3D的虚拟手术训练系统研究

CHAI3D具有强大的力觉渲染能力,但相关应用并不广泛,为此,在CHAI3D平台下搭建虚拟手术场景,导入手术台及人体的3ds文件,通过属性设置、纹理贴图、视角变换增强系统的视觉表现;详细给出CHAI3D平台下虚拟手术场景设计的具体流程及其在虚拟训练系统中的力觉渲染优势;最后呈现了不同视角下的虚拟手术训练系统实例。关键程序段及训练系统实例充分体现了CHAI3D在虚拟现实场景创建及人机交互方面的便利性与高效性,为初学者快速入门提供了参考。

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Nine Active Components in ‘Da-Chai-Hu-Tang’

In this study, a simple, reliable and accurate method for the simultaneous separation and determination of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, emodin and chrysophanol in ‘Da-Chai-Hu-Tang’ was developed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm), and the mobile phase composed of methanol and water containing 1% (v/v) acetic acid was used to elute the targets in a gradient elution mode. The flow rate and detection wavelength were set at 0.8 ml/min and 280 nm, respectively. All calibration curves of the nine components expressed good linearities (r2≥0.9992) within the tested ranges. The RSD values demonstrated the intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 2.89%, and the recoveries of the investigated compounds were between 96.22% and 105.28%. The proposed method is simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and successfully applied to determine the nine marker compounds in ‘Da-Chai-Hu-Tang’ for quality control.

Supply Chain Optimized Strategies in the Mode of External Financing

In the circumstance that market demand is uncertain,it studies the decision-making problem of supply chain financial system consisting of the single supplier,a capital constraint retailer and a bank. Considering the mode of external financing,we obtain the optimal order decision of the capital constraint retailer,the optimal financing rate and the optimal wholesale price of the supplier and analyze the effects of owned capitals of retailer on the optimized decision-making of supply chain financial system. At last,it demonstrates the effectiveness of conclusion by numerical examples.

The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infection effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid

Backgroud:To explore the analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-infective effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid and provide evidence for clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:In this study,four groups of experiments were designed:analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antibacterial.In the mouse pain model,the analgesic effect of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid was studied by the writhing method and pain threshold;the anti-inflammatory effect by measuring the level of capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice in different dose groups and the weight of cotton ball granuloma formation in rats;the antiviral effect by measuring the lung index of a pneumonia model of mouse infected with influenza virus;and the antibacterial effect by comparing the difference in the death protection ratio between each dose group and the model group result.Results:In the analgesic experiment,the high and medium dose of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid could significantly reduce the number of writhing in mice caused by acetic acid,and the pain threshold of mice in the high-and medium-dose groups was significantly increased for 1–3 hours.In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the medium-dose group could significantly inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice caused by acetic acid,and the low-dose group could significantly reduce the weight of rat cotton ball granuloma.In the antiviral experiment,the high-and medium-doses of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid could significantly reduce the lung index of normal mouse pneumonia model of influenza virus infection and achieve a higher inhibition rate.In the anti-infective experiment,the death protection rate of the high-dose group was significantly different from that of the model control group.All three dose groups could significantly prolong the survival days of infected mice.Conclusion:These experimental results prove that in addition to its antipyretic effect,Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid also has analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antibacterial effects.

The antipyretic effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid

Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups of experimental models of yeast-induced rat fever model,endotoxin-induced rabbit fever model,and para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were studied by measuring body temperature before and after treatment and the expressions of protein kinase A(PKA),protein kinase C,arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in hypothalamus after administration.Results:In the yeast-induced fever model of rats,the body temperature and PKA expression levels in different dose groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were significantly different from those of the model group 1–3 h after treatment.In the rabbit fever model induced by endotoxin,different dosage groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid have obvious antipyretic effect on 1–3 h after the model is established,and can significantly reduce the expression of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus.In the para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,each dose group of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has obvious antipyretic effect on 1–2 h after the model is established.Conclusion:Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has good antipyretic effect on fever models induced by yeast,endotoxin and parainfluenza by regulating the expression of PKA,AVP,and cAMP.

Effects of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction on cefotaxime in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction(CQCQD)on cefotaxime(CTX)concentration in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into an ANP group(ANP model +CTX,n=20),treatment group(ANP model+CTX +CQCQD,n=20)and control group(normal rats+ CTX,n=20).ANP models were induced by retrograde intraductal injection of 3.5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg),and the control group was injected intraductally with normal saline.All rats were injected introperitoneally with 0.42 g/kg CTX(at 12-h intervals for a continuous 72 h)at 6 h after intraductal injection. Meanwhile,the treatment group received CQCQD (20 mL/kg)intragastrically at 8-h intervals,and the ANP and control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline.At 15 min after the last CTX injection,blood and pancreas samples were collected for the determination of CTX concentration using validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Pathological changes and wet-to-dry-weight(W/D) ratio of pancreatic tissue were examined. RESULTS:Serum CTX concentrations in three groups were not significantly different.Pancreatic CTXconcentration and penetration ratio were lower in ANP group vs control group(4.4±0.6μg/mL vs 18.6± 1.7μg/mL,P=0.000;5%vs 19%,P=0.000),but significantly higher in treatment group vs ANP group (6.4±1.7μg/mL vs 4.4±0.6μg/mL,P=0.020;7% vs 5%,P=0.048).The histological scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in treatment group vs ANP and control group. CONCLUSION:CQCQD might have a promotive effect on CTX concentration in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.

Treatment of refractory H.pylori by Chai Ping Decoction:two case reports

目的:幽门螺杆菌感染是最常见的感染之一,目前已经广泛应用了很多医学治疗措施,比如四联疗法和序贯疗法。但部分患者经多次治疗仍有感染。在幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗中,中药得到了广泛的应用。对于反复感染幽门螺杆菌的患者,中医治疗与抗生素治疗相结合是否有效尚需临床观察。方法:报告2例难治性幽门螺杆菌感染病例。一例是一名60岁的中国妇女,诊断为慢性萎缩性胃炎和幽门螺杆菌感染,胃部不适,食欲不振,情绪低落,排便不规律。另一例是一名46岁的越南妇女,已经腹痛11年。我们采用柴平汤联合序贯治疗两例患者。结果:两例患者治疗后均疼痛缓解,幽门螺杆菌被根除。结论:中药联合序贯治疗可能清除幽门螺杆菌感染。根据中医理论,患者出现腹部不适症状,为脾虚湿气证,可以被较好的治疗。

印支造山带:Song Chay构造带

印支运动是二十世纪初法国地质学家根据越南北部晚三叠世大规模角度不整合所提出。越南北部的Song Chay构造带作为印支造山带概念的提出地,记录了大量经典的印支造山相关的信息,是理解印支造山带构造演化的关键地区。本文在课题组对Song Chay地区十多年研究基础上,结合前人研究成果,系统厘定了Song Chay构造带的几何空间格架、运动学特征及其演化过程。详细的野外地质考察表明,Song Chay构造带从SW向NE依次可以划分成:新生代的大象山单元、代表缝合带的Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩单元,以及越南东北部褶皱冲断系统。其中蛇绿混杂岩单元和褶皱冲断系统中发育NE-SW向矿物拉伸线理,并具有顶部向NE方向的剪切变形特征,指示了Song Chay洋壳向SW的俯冲以及向NE的逆冲过程。精确的年代学工作表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩中斜长花岗岩的结晶年龄为356.4±2.9Ma,表明至少在早石炭世Song Chay洋就已经形成了成熟的大洋地壳。褶皱冲断带内部的低温年代学数据约束了顶部向NE的剪切变形年龄在250~245Ma之间,表明为华南和印支板块碰撞时间。另外,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石物源研究表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石主要是来自于俯冲的华南板块,只有很少一部分来自印支板块,因此推测Song Chay洋可能为一个十分有限的小洋盆。构造几何学、运动学以及碎屑锆石物源研究表明,在Song Chay构造带内的“滇-琼缝合带”两侧构造特征可对比,并未因“滇琼洋”的闭合而造成差异。因此,我们认为“滇-琼缝合带”并不能代表一个大洋。根据我们及前人的构造学、岩石学、年代学工作,建立了一个初步的Song Chay洋从晚石炭世至中三叠世的构造演化模型:(1)310~270Ma,Song Chay洋开始向SW俯冲到印支板块之下,此时岩浆弧并不发育,蛇绿混杂岩物源主要为华南板块;(2)270~250Ma,Song Chay洋继续俯冲,此时弧岩浆岩大量发育,蛇绿混杂岩同时接受弧岩浆岩及华南板块碎屑物质;(3)250~245Ma,Song Chay洋闭合,华南板块与印支板块碰撞;(4)245~230Ma,印支造山带进入碰撞后伸展阶段。

三黄柴术方调控Nrf2抗氧化应激防治急性肝内胆汁淤积性肝损伤

目的探讨三黄柴术方对异硫氰萘酯(ANIT)诱导的急性肝内胆汁淤积大鼠肝脏Nrf2表达及氧化应激水平的影响。方法SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分为正常组、模型组、复方高、中、低剂量组及熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)组,每组8只。实验第3天使用一次性灌服4%ANIT 100 mg/kg造模,各药物干预组于第1~5天进行不同药物灌胃。造模后48 h取材。空腹麻醉后腹腔静脉抽血检测血清肝功能;分离肝脏,存入-80℃冰箱中待用,测定SOD活力、MDA含量、GSH-PX和CAT活力,fluorescent quantitative PCR测定肝组织Nrf2、SOD1、SOD2、SOD3、CAT的mRNA表达,WB检测肝组织Nrf2的蛋白表达。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠造模后48 h肝脏MDA含量较正常组明显升高,SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性明显降低,肝组织Nrf2mRNA及蛋白、SOD、CATmRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比,三黄柴术方各剂量组及UDCA组肝脏MDA含量明显下降,SOD、GSH-Px及CAT的活性全部或部分升高,Nrf2mRNA及蛋白、SOD、CATmRNA的表达明显升高(P<0.05)。结论三黄柴术方对急性肝内胆汁淤积淤积性肝损伤的疗效机制可能是通过增加Nrf2蛋白及mRNA的表达,加强肝脏抗氧化应激能力,减轻肝组织炎症损伤。

基于网络药理学及分子对接策略挖掘柴胡-芍药用于术后疼痛作用机制研究

本研究利用网络药理学结合分子对接,探究柴胡-芍药治疗术后疼痛(Postoperative pain,PP)的活性成分、关键作用靶点及潜在的分子机制。从数据库中检索并收集柴胡及芍药的有效活性成分和对应靶点以及术后疼痛靶点。采用术后疼痛综合征(Postoperative pain syndrome,PPS)及神经性病理性疼痛(Neuropathic pain,NP)相关的靶点,通过网络药理学分析出柴胡-芍药治疗术后疼痛的活性成分、成分一疾病的交集靶点以及可能的信号通路。通过分子对接预测活性成分与靶点蛋白的结合能力,经过一系列的分析,在满足筛选条件的18个成分中共筛选鉴定出5个生物活性成分豆甾醇、山柰酚、beta-sitosterol、Areapilin、isorhamnetin及36个柴胡芍药治疗术后疼痛的作用靶点,其中MAPK8、HMOX1、RELA、NOS2、JUN、PTGS2、PPARG、TNF、IL-6是柴胡-芍药治疗术后疼痛的关键靶点。基因本体论(GO)与京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析结果显示,TNF signaling pathway、IL-17 signaling pathway和C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway通路可能在柴胡-芍药治疗术后疼痛中发挥重要作用。分子对接的结果显示,两个生物活性成分均可较好结合,其中谷甾醇与TNF的结合能负值最大,可能是柴胡-芍药治疗术后疼痛有效活性成分。本研究通过成分-靶点-疾病的角度初步预测和验证了“柴胡-芍药”对治疗PP的药理和分子机制,为后续研究提供参考。

柴可群教授运用四则四法论治乳腺癌经验

[目的]围绕柴可群教授提出的中医防治肿瘤四则四法理论,总结柴可群教授治疗乳腺癌的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师门诊,整理有关医案,分析柴可群教授对乳腺癌的认识,阐述柴可群教授运用四则四法理论治疗乳腺癌的临床经验,并通过临床医案加以验证。[结果]柴可群教授认为,乳腺癌与肝、脾、肾以及阴寒毒邪相关,以肝郁气滞为主要病机,故疏肝解郁、全程调神尤为重要,并提出“话疗”这一治疗方法。柴可群教授采用扶正为本、祛邪有度、全程调神、随证而治的四则和健脾补肾、化痰解毒、疏肝解郁、温阳通络的四法进行辨证论治,所举验案在四则的指导下,以疏肝解郁为治疗大法,配合健脾补肾、化痰解毒的治法,临床疗效显著。[结论]通过阐述四则四法的内涵以及在乳腺癌临证中的运用,总结柴可群教授治疗乳腺癌以疏肝解郁为核心、随证变化加减用药经验,对乳腺癌的临床治疗具有指导意义。

柴德赓的马克思主义转向及其史学贡献

柴德赓是近现代以考据见长的史学家。北平解放后,柴德赓积极学习马克思主义,通过参加政治学习、社会实践活动,并且配合自我检讨等一系列方式,逐步建立了相对系统的马克思主义理论体系,并将其运用到历史研究和历史教学中,取得了诸多重要的成就。在历史研究方面,柴德赓反对唯心论,主张用唯物史观解释历史,主要体现在对人类历史发展规律的掌握和阶级理论的运用。在历史教学方面,他探索将马克思主义贯彻到历史教学中,主张在课堂中运用唯物史观恰当分析历史知识,要求教师具有高度的专业素养和政治素养,谨防对唯心主义观点的不彻底批判。

Modified Da-chai-hu Decoction regulates the expression of occludin and NF-κB to alleviate organ injury in severe acute pancreatitis rats

Modified Da-chai-hu Decoction(MDD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, which was empirically generated from Da-chai-hu decoction, has been utilized to treat severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) for decades. The aim of the present study was to explore its potential organprotective mechanism in SAP. In the present study, rat SAP model was induced by retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct, MDD(23.35 g/kg body weight, twelve times the clinical dose) were orally given at 2 h before and 10 h after injection. At 12 h after model induction, blood was taken from vena cava for analysis of amylase, diamine oxidase(DAO), pulmonary surfactant protein-A(SP-A), and C-reactive protein(CRP). Histopathological change of pancreas, ileum and lung was assayed by H&E staining, myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity were determinated using colorimetric assay, and the expressions of occludin and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) were detected by real-time RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. In addition, the tissue concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that in SAP rats, MDD significantly alleviated histopathological damage, depressed the MPO activity and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 of pancreas, ileum and lung, and reduced the serum levels of amylase [(3283.4±585.5) U·L^(-1) vs(5626.4±795.1) U·L^(-1)], DAO[(1100.1±334.3) U·L^(-1) vs(1666.4±525.3) U·L^(-1)] and CRP [(7.6±1.2) μg·mL^(-1) vs(17.8±3.8) μg·mL^(-1)]. However, the serum SP-A concentration [(106.1±16.6) pg·mL^(-1) vs(90.1±14.9) pg·mL^(-1)] was elevated when treated SAP rats with MDD. Furthermore, MDD increased the occludin expression and reduced the NF-κB expression in pancreas, ileum and lung of SAP rats. Our findings suggested that MDD administration was an effective therapeutic approach for SAP treatment. It could up-regulate occludin expression to protect intercellular tight junction and down-regulate NF-κB expression to inhibit inflammatory reaction of pancreas, ileum and lung.

柴元方治疗儿童气滞血瘀型肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床研究

目的探究柴元方治疗儿童气滞血瘀型肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床疗效。方法选取2019年3月至2022年3月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院儿科门诊收治的120例肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,治疗组接受柴元方治疗,对照组接受头孢克洛治疗,2组均治疗10天,比较2组的临床疗效。结果治疗组的总有效率为91.6%,高于对照组的75.0%,两组临床疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。其中,治疗组在腹痛积分、腹部压痛积分和烦躁、夜寐、腹胀、排便的次要症状积分以及肠系膜淋巴结长、短径的改善上,均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论柴元方治疗肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿疗效确切,可有效改善患者临床症状。

An experimental study of using Chai Lai Prescription to treat in vitro rabbit models of reflux esophagitis

Background Chai Lai Prescription is a Chinese herbal compound which is used to sooth the liver,strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach for descending adverse Qi.We initiated the study to investigate its mechanism of treating in vitro rabbit reflux esophagitis models.Methods Adult male Japanese white rabbits,weighing 1.8-2.2 kg,were divided into five groups of three each,which were：normal control group （Krebs buffer,pH7.4）,esophagitis model group （Krebs buffer,pH5.8）,esophagitis model proup＋low-dose Chinese herbal medicine protection group （0.6 mg·ml1·kg1）,esophagitis model group＋moderate-dose Chinese herbal medicine protection group （6 mg·ml1·kg1）,esophagitis model group＋high-dose Chinese herbal medicine protection group （60 mg·ml1·kg1）.The RT-PCR method was used to test the influence of Chai Lai Prescription on IL-1 and IL-6 in in vitro rabbit models of esophagitis.We treated the in vitro models with different doses of Chinese herbal medicine.Results Esophageal mucosa were filled with various liquids.IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression was increased in rabbit esophageal mucosa stimulated with acid.Chinese herbal medicine significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression in the in vitro cultured rabbit esophageal mucosa.Using Chinese herbal medicine to treat in vitro models of RE,we found that the IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression levels went down,near to or lower than the normal control levels,compared with the group treated with acidified buffer solution.Conclusions Chai Lai Prescription lowered the IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine mRNA levels and protected the esophageal mucosa in the in vitro models of reflux esophagitis,suggesting that the traditional Chinese herbal compound may be able to treat reflux esophagitis by inhibiting the its inflammatory mediators.

基于数据挖掘探讨《妇科冰鉴》“月经门”用药组方规律

目的通过数据挖掘技术探讨《妇科冰鉴》治疗月经病的用药组方规律。方法收集《妇科冰鉴》月经门中所包含的方药,对药物组成进行整理以及规范化处理,通过Mircrosoft Excel 2015录入数据建立数据库,利用中医传承辅助平台的频次统计分析,关联规则分析,聚类分析等功能,对《妇科冰鉴》“月经门”复方中高频药物及配伍规律进行统计分析。结果通过筛选共计复方52首,涉及67味中药,累计频次352次,高频中药(≥10次)的有11味药,排名前五的有当归、川芎、白芍、熟地黄、炙甘草;组方用药性多温、寒、平;药味多甘、辛、苦;药物归经以脾经者居首位,肝经次之,随后为心经。关联分析得出16个常用药物组合,前三位分别是川芎-当归,当归-白芍,川芎-白芍;得出46条关联规则,前五位(置信度≥1)分别是川芎->当归;熟地黄,川芎->当归;熟地黄,白芍->当归,川芎,白芍->当归,熟地黄,川芎,白芍->当归。最后聚类分析得到10个药物核心组合以及5首新方组合。结论《妇科冰鉴》“月经门”治疗月经病以理气调血、培补脾肾、平衡阴阳为总则,在对症治疗加减药味上大多表现为平中见奇之策。

Xiao Chai Hu Tang for Liver Diseases:A Literature Review

The objective of this study is to summarize the pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of action of Xiao Chai Hu Tang(XCHT, Minor Bupleurum Decoction) on liver diseases, so as to give relevant researchers a valuable insight and benefit patients with hepatopathy. PubMed was used to search for and collect scientific publications related to XCHT and liver diseases from 1986 to 2016. The available scientific results or evidence were read, classified, and analyzed. XCHT showed clinical efficacy in patients with hepatic diseases including hepatitis,hepatic fibrosis, and hepatoma. The mechanisms involved the production of cytokines, the regulation of immune function, the suppression of lipid peroxidation, etc., XCHT might work on the metabolism of some medications such as tolbutamide by the regulation of gastric emptying and intragastric pH. XCHT exhibited a very low toxicity profile, such as interstitial pneumonia due to duration of medication,patients' age, and drug combination. XCHT has been a eutherapeutic supplemental remedy for liver diseases. However, many mechanisms of action and effects of XCHT on new types of liver diseases still remain unclear, so more and more animal experiments and human clinical trials are needed to obtain enough proofs for the clinical use of XCHT in new types of hepatosis such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune liver disease.

从“肝”论治飞行疲劳

飞行疲劳是因工作负荷导致飞行员生理心理变化、认知能力下降一种生理状态,若疲劳状态不能及时干预,可能由生理状态向病理状态转化,将致身体器官功能减退。属于中医“劳倦”的范畴,则劳倦属于中医学“未病”范畴。飞行疲劳总责之于肝失疏泄导致心理疲劳、肝筋失养导致身体疲劳、肝不舍魂导致睡眠障碍,本病病位在于心肺脾肾,源于肝,病因多与情志内伤、饮食不节、烦劳过度、禀赋薄弱等因素相关,但以内伤尤其伤神过劳为主要病因,总病机为肝失疏泄、肝筋失养、血不舍魂、气血失和、阴阳失调,总治则治法为疏肝理气、调和气血、平衡阴阳。飞行疲劳飞行员的中医腹诊具有“胸胁苦满”之共同点,根据胸胁苦满的程度、腹力以及症状,运用柴胡类方干预飞行疲劳。