Adding Sub-chain Method for Structural Synthesis of Planar Closed Kinematic Chains

For at least the past five decades,structural synthesis has been used as a main means of finding better mechanisms with some predefined function.In structural synthesis,isomorphism identification is still a problem unsolved well,and to solve this problem is very significant to the design of new mechanisms.According to the given degree of freedom（DOF） and link connection property of planar closed chain mechanisms,vertex assortment is obtained.For solving the isomorphism problem,a method of the adding sub-chains is proposed with the detailed steps and algorithms in the synthesizing process.Employing this method,the identification code and formation code of every topological structure are achieved,therefore many isomorphic structures could be eliminated in time during structural synthesis by comparing those codes among different topological graphs,resulting in the improvement of synthesizing efficiency and accuracy,and the approach for eliminating rigid sub-chains in and after the synthesizing process is also presented.Some examples are given,including how to add sub-chains,how to detect simple rigid sub-chains and how to obtain identification codes and formulation codes et al.Using the adding sub-chain method,the relative information of some common topological graphs is given in the form of table.The comparison result is coincident with many literatures,so the correctness of the adding sub-chain method is convinced.This method will greatly improve the synthesizing efficiency and accuracy,and has a good potential for application.

Constructing representative driving cycle for heavy duty vehicle based on Markov chain method considering road slope

Electrification of heavy duty vehicles(HDVs)is critical to realization of the target of carbon neutralization in the future.For most HDVs,the influence of road slope on vehicle power usually cannot be ignored due to significant road slope variation during long driving mileages.In order to design the powertrain system for electrified HDVs effectively,it is necessary to construct representative driving cycles with road slope information.There are two difficulties for this task.(1)Road slope measuring devices are usually costly.A cheaper yet effective method for measuring road slope needs to be developed.(2)A 3D(three dimension)Markov chain method is usually utilized for constructing cycles with velocity and road slope.This method is complex and time consuming,and needs to be improved.In this paper,a 2D(two dimension)Markov chain method for addressing these issues is proposed.A road slope observation is designed based on normal GPS(Global Positioning System)signals and a high order Butterworth filter.The effectiveness of the method is validated.Driving velocity and road slope are collected and observed for the area between Beijing and Zhangjiakou in northern China.Representative cycles with road slope are constructed using a 2D Markov chain method and a matching algorithm based on average speed.With the introduced technology,three representative driving cycles with road slope for urban,suburban and highway routes are designed.Statistic results on vehicle power show that,the representative driving cycles are effective with relative errors less than 4%compared to the real driving conditions.These driving cycles will be utilized in designing electric HDVs,such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the future.

Seismic fluid identification using a nonlinear elastic impedance inversion method based on a fast Markov chain Monte Carlo method

Elastic impedance inversion with high efficiency and high stability has become one of the main directions of seismic pre-stack inversion. The nonlinear elastic impedance inversion method based on a fast Markov chain Monte Carlo （MCMC） method is proposed in this paper, combining conventional MCMC method based on global optimization with a preconditioned conjugate gradient （PCG） algorithm based on local optimization, so this method does not depend strongly on the initial model. It converges to the global optimum quickly and efficiently on the condition that effi- ciency and stability of inversion are both taken into consid- eration at the same time. The test data verify the feasibility and robustness of the method, and based on this method, we extract the effective pore-fluid bulk modulus, which is applied to reservoir fluid identification and detection, and consequently, a better result has been achieved.

SEMI-BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE-INPUT/MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SYSTEMS BASED ON MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO METHODS

This paper addresses the issues of channel estimation in a Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is employed to jointly estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) and the transmitted signals. The deduced algorithms can work well under circumstances of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate their effectiveness.

Forecasting Methods to Reduce Inventory Level in Supply Chain

Based on the two-level supply chain composed of suppliers and retailers, we assume that market demand is subject to an ARIMA(1, 1, 1). The supplier uses the minimum mean square error method (MMSE), the simple moving average method (SMA) and the weighted moving average method (WMA) respectively to forecast the market demand. According to the statistical properties of stationary time series, we calculate the mean square error between supplier forecast demand and market demand. Through the simulation, we compare the forecasting effects of the three methods and analyse the influence of the lead-time L and the moving average parameter N on prediction. The results show that the forecasting effect of the MMSE method is the best, of the WMA method is the second, and of the SMA method is the last. The results also show that reducing the lead-time and increasing the moving average parameter improve the prediction accuracy and reduce the supplier inventory level.

AUTOMATIC DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS OF PLANAR MECHANISMS WITH MATCHING BASIC KINEMATIC CHAINS METHOD

A simple, efficient, automatic and universal method to fulfill displacementanalysis of a great deal of mechanisms regenerated by Yan's mechanism creative theory has beendeveloped. For a regenerated mechanism, at first, the method identifies its type and structure andchanges it into a rigid structure by fixing the ground link and the input link. And then this rigidstructure is decomposed into a set of basic kinematic chains (BKCs). By matching the type of BKC,the displacement analysis equations can be set up, and all possible configurations, in whichpositions of all movable links are considered, can be given out.

INCOMPLETE SEMI-ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING SINGULAR LINEAR OPERATOR EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACE WITH APPLICATIONS IN MARKOV CHAIN MODELING

We discuss the incomplete semi-iterative method (ISIM) for an approximate solution of a linear fixed point equations x=Tx+c with a bounded linear operator T acting on a complex Banach space X such that its resolvent has a pole of order k at the point 1. Sufficient conditions for the convergence of ISIM to a solution of x=Tx+c, where c belongs to the range space of R(I-T) k, are established. We show that the ISIM has an attractive feature that it is usually convergent even when the spectral radius of the operator T is greater than 1 and Ind 1T≥1. Applications in finite Markov chain is considered and illustrative examples are reported, showing the convergence rate of the ISIM is very high.

基于ESTP-Chain四维分析法的老年福祉技术竞争态势分析

针对我国现阶段对福祉技术的研究较少且主要集中于定性分析,缺乏数据支撑等问题,从定量的角度,在明确福祉技术定义的基础上,采用改进的ESTP-Chain四维分析法,分别从环境链,主体链、技术链和地位链四个维度,对该领域的国际竞争态势进行分析。结果表明,ESTP-Chain四维分析法分析角度更为全面,能更好的揭示出福祉技术领域的竞争格局,为我国有效地适应老龄化社会的发展提供建议与支持。

Rapid detection of sepsis complicating acute necrotizing pancreatitis using polymerase chain reaction

INTRODUCTIONAcute narcotizing pancreatitis usually takes a severe clinical course and is associated with multiple organ dysfunction .With the further understanding of pathophysiological events of acute pancreatisis and the therapeutic measuses taken by the clinicians ,the patients can pass through the critical carry stages ,and then the septic complication caused by rtanslocated bacteria, mostly gram-negative microbes from the intestines ensues[1].

PHYSICAL SUBALGEBRA CHAINS IN A SEMISIMPLE LIE ALGEBRA

Using the defining matrices of A1 in classical algebras An, Bn, Cn and Dn, deduce the embedding indices of the physical A1 algebra in classical algebras, The Ginocchio so(8) model is as an example.

Heisenberg Spin Chain方程的半离散谱方法

本文考察具有小扩散项的铁磁链方程组Ｚｔ＝εＺｘｘ＋Ｚ×Ｚｘｘ＋ｆ（ｘ，ｔ，Ｚ）周期初值问题的半离散的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ谱方法，利用有界延拓法证明了半离散谱格式的收敛性，得到了谱精度的误差估计．

Methods to detect a vian influenza virus for food safety surveillance

Avian influenza （AI）, caused by the influenza A virus, has been a global concern for public health. AI outbreaks not only impact the poultry production, but also give rise to a risk in food safety caused by viral contamination of poultry products in the food supply chain. Distinctions in AI outbreak between strains H5N1 and H7N9 indicate that early detection of the AI virus in poultry is crucial for the effective warning and control of AI to ensure food safety. Therefore, the establishment of a poultry surveillance system for food safety by early detection is urgent and critical. In this article, methods to detect AI virus, including current methods recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） and the World Organisation for Animal Health （Office International des Epizooties, OIE） and novel techniques not commonly used or commercialized are reviewed and evaluated for feasibility of use in the poultry surveillance system. Conventional methods usually applied for the purpose of AI diagnosis face some practical challenges to establishing a comprehensive poultry surveillance program in the poultry supply chain. Diverse development of new technologies can meet the specific requirements of AI virus detection in various stages or scenarios throughout the poultry supply chain where onsite, rapid and ultrasensitive methods are emphasized. Systematic approaches or integrated methods ought to be employed according to the application scenarios at every stage of the poultry supply chain to prevent AI outbreaks.

ADSORPTION OF SHORT TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPACT CHAINS

Short two-dimensional compact chains adsorbed on the attractive surface at different temperatures were investigated by using the enumeration calculation method. First we investigate the chain size and shape of adsorbed chains, such as characteristic ratios of mean-square radii of gyration 〈S^2〉x/N and 〈S^2〉y/N, shape factor 〈δ〉, and the orientation of chain bonds 〈cos^2 θ〉 to illuminate how the size and shape of adsorbed compact chains change with increasing temperatures. There are some special behaviors for the chain size and shape at low temperature, especially for strong attraction interaction. In the meantime, adsorbed compact chains have different behaviors from general adsorbed polymer chains. Some thermodynamics properties are also discussed here. Heat capacity changes non-monotonously, first increases and then reduces. The transition temperature Tc is nearly 1.0, 1.4, 2.0 and 4.2 （in the unit of To） for the case of ε = 0, -1, -2 and -4 （in the unit of kTo）, respectively. Average energy per bond increases while average Helmholtz free energy per bond decreases with increasing temperatures. From these two thermodynamics parameters we can also get another transition temperature Tc＇, and it is close to 0.7, 1.1, 1.5 and 3.4 for ε= 0, -1, -2, and -4, respectively. Therefore, Tc is greater than Tc＇ under the same condition. These investigations may provide some insights into the thermodynamics behaviors of adsorbed protein-like chains.

Analysis on the Structure of Influencing Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Implementation of Water Diversion Project

The systematic analysis of the hierarchical relationship among the factors affecting the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects has theoretical value and practical significance for the sustainable development of large-scale water diversion projects. Through the investigation of relevant literature, books, web pages, materials, and discussions with relevant experts and scholars, a total of 23 factors influencing the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects were identified. Then using ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling Method) to analyze the causality of each factor, a multi-level hierarchical structure model was obtained. The results showed that: 1) The surface-level influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain implementation of the water diversion project mainly included 8 factors such as water-saving awareness and water-saving intensity in the diversion area, water quality, water pollution and other disasters, effective incentive mechanisms, etc., and surface-level influencing factors were directly related to the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects. 2) The indirect influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain of water diversion projects included 12 factors such as the water quality and quantity guarantee rate of the supply chain, the government’s enforcement of laws and regulations, water distribution, ecological compensation, and compensation mechanisms for residents in the water source area. Indirect influencing factor scan acts directly on the direct influencing factors, and intervening in the factors that can be controlled by humans is one of the important ways to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects. 3) The fundamental influencing factors for the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects included three factors: Resettlement policy, government financial support, and sound laws and regulations. Deep influencing factors had multi-channel influence and controllability, and intervening in them was the main means to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects.

中国数字经济发展水平的地区差异、空间集聚与状态转移

文章基于TOPSIS法,通过CRITIC权与灰色关联理论构建CRITIC权灰色关联TOPSIS法,并将其在空间与时间上应用两次,从而可对面板数据进行短期评价。根据新评价法测算2015—2020年中国31个省份的数字经济发展水平并展开分析,结果显示:中国数字经济发展水平地区差异显著,主要取决于三大地区间的差异,且有扩大趋势;北京、上海稳居前2名,浙江、广东、福建、天津、江苏稳居第3至第7名;贵州、青海数字经济发展进步较大,东北三省排名退步显著;省域数字经济发展水平状态转移较难,跨级状态转移基本不会发生,较低水平状态为贫困陷阱,陷于其中的省份很难靠自身得到提升;中国数字经济发展水平存在空间集聚现象,基于配对t检验的结果表明,数字经济可以在一定程度上打破地理限制。

AN ALGORITHM OF MCMC METHOD FOR SOLVING F(X)=0

An algorithm of continuous stage space MCMC method for solving algebra equation f(x) =0 is given.It is available for the case that the sign of f(x) changes frequently or the derivative f′(x) does not exist in the neighborhood o f the root,while the Newton method is hard to work.Let n be the number of random variables created by computer in our algorithm.Then after m=O(n) transactions from the initial value x 0,x * can be got such that |f(x *)|<e -cm |f(x 0)| by choosing suitable positive constant c. An illustration is also given with the discussion of convergence by adjusting the parameters in the algorithm.

IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF BIOGAS FEEDBACK SUPPLY CHAIN IN RURAL CHINA

Feedback supply chain is a key structure in the supply chain system, and the development of feedback supply chain for biogas biomass energy is one of the important ways of the rural ecological civilization construction. Presently, the efficiency problem of biogas supply chain in rural China has been restricting the development of biogas biomass energy business. This article, on the basis of combination of regulation parameters, describes the dynamic changes in the system, using differential equations integrated with simulation to reveal the rules of regulation parameters to investigate the efficiency problem in the biogas supply chain. First of all, on the basis of the actual situation, the flow level and flow rate system structure model and simulation equation set are established for the biogas energy feedback supply chain from a scale livestock farm to peasant households; On the basis of the differentiability of the simulation equation a third order inhomogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients containing regulative parameters is established for the quantity of biogas stored in the feedback supply chain. A theorem and its corollaries are established for the operating efficiency of supply chain to reveal the change law of the quantity of biogas, the quantity of biogas consumed daily by peasant households and its standard-reaching rate as well as other variables.

现代产业链韧性评价及提升路径

国际变局加剧产业链发展风险,产业链韧性是建设现代化产业体系和提升产业链安全的重要基础。理解产业链韧性的内涵及影响因素是建立产业链韧性理论分析的基础,构建包括产业链基础能力、产业链抵御能力、产业链链条控制力和产业链创新能力在内的多维评价指标体系,通过熵值法对产业链韧性水平进行测度评价,并与美国、日本、印度等国家进行国际比较。研究发现,支撑中国产业链韧性的主要因素是包括基础设施、劳动力供给在内的产业链基础能力。与发达国家相比,产业链抵御能力和产业链创新能力对产业链韧性提升的贡献相对较低;近年来中国产业链韧性水平总体呈现上升趋势,但是增速放缓。因此,应该加快关键核心技术攻关的产业链创新能力,提升产业链治理能力,积极开展高水平对外开放和推动产业链数字化转型,成为提升中国产业链韧性的主要政策主张。

Reseach of Supply Chain Modeling Technology

The supply chain modeling technology is research. Firstly, the concept of supply chain and supply chain management is introduced. Secondly, enterprise modeling methods, such as CIM OSA, GIM GRAI, PERA and ARIS, are analyzed and compared. The supply chain modeling technology is studied. Then the ARIS based supply chain modeling method is proposed and the supply chain operation reference model is set up. Finally, the applications of ARIS based supply chain modeling method in Shanghai Turbine Generator Co. Ltd. (STGC) is described in detail.

On Finding the Smallest Generalized Eigenpair Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm

This paper proposes a new technique based on inverse Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for finding the smallest generalized eigenpair of the large scale matrices. Some numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient.