Stressors in Nurse Students’ Formation in the New Normality Post COVID-19

Background: Mental health has been impaired and at risk due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences due to confinement impacted every scenario, which directly influenced the daily routine of nurse students;in each setting students faced stressors that trigger fear, anxiety and others, since being in confinement learning of topics moved to the home, laboratory practices in hospitals were cancelled leaving the room that is uncertain up to their return to in-person activities. It is important to highlight the need for innovation and strengthening of theoretical-pedagogic aspects centered at the student’s context as a human being with their own needs and problems, who will interact with others in the continuous process of health-illness. Objective: the aim was to identify the stressors in the nurse students’ formation in the new normality post-COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research with 27 participants aged 20 - 25 years, nurse students of a public university. The information collection was through four focal groups of 6-7 members each, data analysis was done according to Miles & Huberman after signed informed consent of each participant, and authorized by the chairperson of the Nurse’ career. Results: Category 1, Cumulative stressors with sub-categories 1.1 Uncertainty, 1.2 Isolation, 1.3 Invisibility, 1.4 Mockery, 1.5 Exclusion. Category 2, Expectancy states with sub-categories 2.1 Low self-esteem, 2.2 Insecurity, 2.3 Anxiety, 2.4 Depression, 2.5 Temporary leave, 2.6 Search for authenticity. Category 3, Internalization processes with sub-categories 3.1 Social rejection, 3.2 Self-censorship, 3.3 Discrediting, 3.4 Disempowerment. Category 4, Academic aspects affected with sub-categories 4.1 Deficient studying habits, 4.2 Deficient assimilations of knowledge, 4.3 Archived knowledge in the computer, 4.4 Absence of practice in previous semesters. Conclusion: Once identified the stressors in nurse students in the new normality post-COVID-19, it will allow the creation of settings that help in getting confidence for students, i.e., a safe surrounding promotes the development of abilities and competencies during formation, as well as recommendations of teachers in the classroom and laboratories that contribute to filling space that students perceive as empty, and to intensifying the companionship in clinical settings where students perceive most aggressiveness.

Not one thing at a time:When concomitant multiple stressors produce a transdiagnostic clinical picture

A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.

保活运输应激对水产动物肌肉品质影响的研究进展

【目的】揭示应激对水产动物肌肉品质的影响,以期为水产动物保活运输提供参考。【方法】将保活运输过程中的应激源分为温度、低氧、拥挤、振动、氨氮和空气暴露等,综述各种应激源对不同水产动物肌肉品质的影响;在此基础上,概括加盐、暂养、加抗氧化剂、休眠和冷驯化等减缓应激措施对水产动物肌肉品质的影响,总结组学技术在揭示应激影响水产动物肌肉品质机制的应用。【结果与结论】应激状态下,水产动物的生命活动中,如基因表达、代谢和免疫等都会进行适应性调控,使蛋白质、代谢物组成和细胞形态等发生改变,并最终影响肌肉品质。消除应激可提升水产动物肌肉品质,关于其对提升肌肉品质的机理方面研究是未来的研究方向。

祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制适用于我国祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中的祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷,并检验其信效度,为研究隔代教养中老年人的身心健康提供有效的评估工具。方法 采用文献回顾、质性访谈、专家咨询法,形成问卷初始条目池。采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取山东省1032名隔代教养的老年人进行问卷调查。抽取其中451例样本对所编制问卷进行项目分析和探索性因子分析,其余581例样本用于验证性因子分析及内部一致性信度检验;采用老年人抑郁量表对所编制问卷进行校标关联效度检验。结果 最终形成的隔代教养压力与益处问卷包括躯体健康压力、教养益处、教养冲突、社会经济压力、教养知识缺乏5个维度,共24个条目。探索性因子分析结果显示,累计方差贡献率为65.060%;验证性因子分析结果显示,χ^(2)/df=2.350,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.933,TLI=0.924,RMSEA=0.062;问卷整体的Cronbach′s α系数为0.912,各维度的Cronbach′s α系数区间为0.812~0.920。结论 适用于祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中的祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷的信效度符合心理测量学要求,可用于我国祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中祖辈身心健康的相关研究。

学习压力源对全日制体育硕士研究生学习倦怠的影响机制

目的基于压力源二维结构理论,探讨挑战性压力源与阻碍性压力源这两种压力源和全日制体育硕士研究生学习倦怠的关系及其作用机制。方法采用挑战性和阻碍性压力源量表、学习倦怠量表、应对方式量表和心理弹性量表,对广东省地区415名全日制体育硕士研究生进行调查。结论1)挑战性学习压力源对学习倦怠无显著影响,而阻碍性学习压力源对学习倦怠具有显著正向影响。2)挑战性学习压力源通过积极应对方式的完全中介作用对学习倦怠有负向影响,阻碍性学习压力源通过消极应对方式的部分中介作用对学习倦怠有正向影响。3)心理弹性负向调节阻碍性学习压力源与学习倦怠的关系,相对于高心理弹性的学生,低心理弹性的学生其阻碍性学习压力源对学习倦怠的正向影响更强。本研究扩宽了压力源二维结构理论的应用范围,为高校对体育硕士研究生学习倦怠的干预提供参考借鉴。

员工对企业数字化转型的反应研究:基于压力的理论视角

在数字经济蓬勃发展的时代背景下,数字化转型已成为推动企业高质量发展的关键环节。然而,很多企业在数字化转型过程中都遇到缺乏员工支持、消极合作等来自企业内部的挑战。目前,有关企业数字化转型的研究主要集中在宏观战略层面,探讨数字化转型对企业内部员工影响的研究尚不充足。因此,本文从企业内部微观层面着手,采用工作压力动态过程模型,将数字化转型视作一种压力源。通过聚焦数字化转型给员工带来的工作压力,试图揭示员工对数字化转型产生的差异化反应及其内在机理。第一,探究压力源,基于扎根理论归纳员工对数字化转型中压力源的感知和识别。第二,追踪压力结果,基于变革分析框架,探索数字化转型对员工工作绩效的影响及其随时间的动态变化。第三,分析压力体验,分别从认知和情绪视角,探讨员工支持或抗拒数字化转型的作用机制、边界条件及后续结果。本文不仅丰富了企业数字化转型在人力资源管理领域的研究范畴和内容,还为企业科学推动数字化转型、提升员工对数字化转型的支持水平提供了实践启示。

科研压力源对博士生学术激情的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

面对日趋激烈的“学术内卷”,博士生的科研压力逐渐增大,学术激情是其在科研压力下保持对科研工作孜孜不怠的追求与恒久坚持的内在动力。本文基于538份在校博士生的调查问卷数据构建了一个有调节的中介模型,探讨不同性质的科研压力源对博士生学术激情的影响及其作用机制。结果发现:挑战性科研压力源正向预测博士生学术激情,阻碍性科研压力源则负向预测博士生学术激情;科研角色认同在挑战性-阻碍性科研压力源与学术激情之间发挥中介作用;包容型导师风格负向调节科研角色认同在阻碍性科研压力源与学术激情之间的中介作用。基于此,制定个性化的激励机制与支持机制、健全有组织的科研训练体系、营造宽松自主的科研氛围是帮助博士生缓解科研压力、增强学术激情的重要途径。

安徽省某高校硕士研究生心理压力状况调查

为了解硕士研究生心理健康状况,对安徽某土建类大学329名硕士研究生心理健康现况进行调查。结果表明:大部分硕士研究生心理压力程度处于适中水平,受访者中32.42%的硕士研究生有重度心理压力。硕士研究生心理压力程度与年级、学生干部经历呈显著正相关,与专业认知度、职业规划清晰度以及生活满意度呈显著负相关。硕士研究生整体上可以通过接纳、转移和合理宣泄等方式应对心理压力,但在重度心理压力情况下,有11.32%的硕士研究生选择压抑方式应对,而且寻求专业心理咨询的仅占2.83%。针对调查发现的问题,结合硕士研究生的群体特点,从高校、导师、学生三个层面提出相应的对策,促进硕士研究生身心健康全面发展。

抗逆力在军队医院急诊科护士挑战性-阻碍性压力源与工作投入间的中介效应

目的:探讨抗逆力在军队医院急诊科护士挑战性-阻碍性压力源与工作投入间的中介效应。方法:采用整群抽样法于2022年4月—6月选取某军队三级甲等医院急诊科护士为研究对象,应用一般资料调查表、挑战性-阻碍性压力源量表、医护人员抗逆力量表及工作投入量表简版对其进行问卷调查。运用SPSS 21.0软件描述变量及相关分析,采用AMOS 26.0软件检验抗逆力在挑战性-阻碍性压力源与工作投入间的中介效应。结果:军队医院急诊科护士挑战性压力源得分为(18.57±4.14)分,阻碍性压力源得分为(14.68±3.86)分,抗逆力得分为(64.55±15.06)分,工作投入得分为(32.17±7.19)分;挑战性压力源得分与抗逆力总分、工作投入总分(r值为0.423,0.450,均P<0.01)均呈正相关,阻碍性压力源得分与抗逆力总分(r=-0.220,P<0.05)、工作投入总分(r=-0.409,P<0.01)均呈负相关,抗逆力总分与工作投入总分呈正相关(r=0.448,P<0.01);抗逆力在挑战性压力源、阻碍性压力源与工作投入间存在部分中介作用,中介效应值分别为0.109,-0.067,中介效应分别占总效应的22.7%和13.5%。结论:急诊护士挑战性压力源、阻碍性压力源均处于中等水平,抗逆力和工作投入处于中等偏上水平,挑战性压力源可通过正向影响抗逆力从而提高工作投入水平,阻碍性压力源则负向影响抗逆力和工作投入。建议管理者识别两种压力源水平,合理安排工作负荷,营造良好的工作环境,同时采取有效干预策略提升护士抗逆力,有助于提升护士工作投入和职业稳定。

Biological responses of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) to multiple stressors: a case study in the Yellow Sea, China

Temporal changes in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea were examined for the period of 1960–2008. The body size and age of small yellow croaker decreased substantially, in particular, average length of fish in 2008 was reduced by ~85% than those occurring in 1985, and at that time ~93% of the total catch was dominated by one-year-old individuals. Correspondingly, growth parameters also varied significantly over the years, i.e., k(growth coefficient) and t_0(zero-length age) gradually increased from 0.26 and –0.58 year in 1960 to 0.56 and –0.25 year in 2008, respectively. Although, L∞(body length)sharply decreased from 34.21 cm in 1960 to 24.06 cm in 2008, and t_r(inflexion age) decreased from 3.78 year in1960 to 1.61 year in 2008. There was a great increase both in natural mortality coefficient and fishing mortality coefficient. However, according to the gray correlation analysis, changes in the biological characteristics of small yellow croaker were induced by different stressors ranked as: fishing vessel power>feeding grade>sea surface temperature. This study suggests that the active fishery management measures for biological characters of fish populations should be considered.

College Students’Academic Stressors on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison between Graduating Students and Non-Graduating Students

The study aimed to investigate the influence of academic stressors on mental health and the mediating effect of social support and self-identity among college students and further studied the difference between the graduating students and non-graduating students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Recruiting 900 college students as sub-jects,used the college students’academic stressors questionnaire,social support questionnaire,self-identity scale and depression anxiety stress scales(DASS-21).The results showed that:(1)The college students’academic stressor posi-tively predicted mental health;(2)Social support and self-identity mediated the relationship;(3)The model also held when academic stressors was replaced by work stressor,but there were differences between the graduating and non-graduating students;(4)The direct effect work stressor on mental health in the graduating group was not significant;(5)The non-graduating students’work stressor could not predict mental health through social support.

Validation of Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version (SINS-CN) in a Population of Macao Nursing Students

Objective:To validate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version(SINS-CN) in a population of Macao nursing students.Methods:A methodological study was designed with 2 phases.In phase 1,a three-expert panel was invited to evaluate the content validity of SINS-CN,and then its test-retest reliability was examined over a 2-week interval.In phase 2,211 undergraduate nursing students were recruited,and203 valid responses to the questionnaire were obtained.A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to validate the structure of the instrument.Results:The content validity index(CVI) was 0.89.The correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.82 for the overall instrument and 0.70-0.88 for the instruments sub-dimensions.Based on the 43 items of the instrument five components were identified and accounted for 60.28%of the variance with eigenvalues ranging from 1.32 to 10.18.The factor loadings were 0.42-0.79.The internal consistency reliability of Cronbachs α was 0.96 for the overall scale and 0.67-0.94 for its sub-dimensions.Conclusion:The study findings indicated that SINS-CN had acceptable psychometric properties in terms of content validity,stability and internal consistency reliability.The principal component analysis generated a 5-component structure with 43 items;this was slightly different from the original structure but was more applicable to the studied population,which suggests that this instrument has cross-cultural sensitivity.

Which stressors are responsible for the worsening in the clinical symptomatology of lupus?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test which stressors worsen the symptoms perceived by patients with lupus, thus broadening and corroborating results obtained in a previous study published in Psychosomatic Medicine. Methods: In order to examine this question, we selected 43 patients with lupus whose symp-toms worsened due to the effects of daily stress. These patients were divided into two groups: patients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors on the same day (G1) and pa-tients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors the day before and the same day (G2). Later, three factorial analyses were con-ducted with the items related to stressors and the items related to lupic symptoms. Results: The results showed that in G1 there were three factors that made up a total of 35.08% of the explained variance. The stressors associated with certain symptoms of the illness in this group are feeling ill or being worried about their physical appearance, with the main stressor being the illness itself. However, in G2, two factors were found that made up a total of 40.37% of the explained variance for lag=0 and 38.67% for lag=1. The stressors associated with the majority of the lupus symptoms are of an interpersonal and work-related nature. This as-sociation was maintained when we carried out the factorial analyses with the items of the symptoms from the following day. Conclusions: The interpersonal and work-related stressors are related to a worsening in the majority of the lupic symptoms in the patients whose sympto-matology worsens as a result of daily stress experienced the day before.

Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of a Job Stressor Scale for Triage Nurses in Emergency Departments

Background: With an increasing number of patients who visit emergency outpatient units, a shortage of physicians and nurses in emergency units has become an issue in Japan. Triage nurses who interview patients and their families before medical examinations feel stressed to determine the triage level in a limited time, necessitating the measures to alleviate stressors. Objective: To develop a triage nurse job stressor scale (TNJSS) for Japanese triage nurses in emergency outpatient units and to verify the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods: Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were sent to nursing directors of 180 emergency and critical care centers randomly selected from 251 centers throughout Japan, requesting to distribute the questionnaire to nurses. Results: Based on the responses obtained from 363 nurses, the construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity were verified. A factor analysis of 44 items yielded five factors: “Lack of triage ability”, “Busy triage work”, “Patients without understanding of explanations”, “Complaints from patients waiting for treatment”, and “Lack of support to improve triage ability”. Cronbach’s α was 0.93 for the full scale and significant correlations were observed between the nurses’ stressor scores and scores for the Stress Response Scale-18 (r = 0.409;p < 0.01) and for the Nursing Job Stressor Scale (r = 0.410;p < 0.01). Conclusions: The TNJSS with a five-factor structure containing 44 items was determined to be a reliable and valid tool for evaluating Japanese triage nurse job stressors. The findings suggest the necessity to continuously educate and support triage nurses.

The Relationship between Workplace Stressors and Job Strain with Psychological Distress among Employed Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivors

Evidence showed occupational factors may contribute distress to breast cancer survivors, however, very few studies focused on the occupational factors and job strain among breast cancer survivors. This study examined the relationship between job strain and workplace stressors with psychological distress among employed breast cancer survivors after the completion of their medical treatment. Study subject were outpatients of 2 hospitals and members of 4 breast cancer support groups. They were requested to fill up the Job Content Questionnaires (JCQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were filled up by the selected respondents. On simple logistic regression, psychological job demand and job strain were significantly associated with anxiety, distress on HADS-T and DT at (p < 0.001). While, psychological job demand (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.047) and job strain (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Results showed survivors with high job strain has 4.74 time the odds of having anxiety (p < 0.001). Survivors with high psychological job demand have 8.08 time the odds of getting depression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, social support served as a protective factor of depression, (p = 0.041). Survivors with high psychological job demand were 4.4 time the odds of having distress (HADS-T) (p = 0.012). As a conclusion, survivors who experienced high psychological job demand, low social support and high job strain were reported with anxiety, depression or psychological distress.

Stressor analysis approaches for endangered species assessments

The US Endangered Species Act is legislation with the power to limit human activities that may have deleterious effects on the viability of threatened and endangered species of fauna and flora. However, because most endangered species face multiple threats, it is often unclear whether limiting specific activities will improve the likelihood of long-term survival, particularly when the relative importance of different stressors is uncertain. Wildlife managers responsible for protecting these species face the challenge of determining the optimal allocation of limited funds and personnel among risk management and conservation priorities, in the absence of a good understanding of the relative importance of these stressors. We present an analytical framework that can serve as a technical basis for evaluating multiple risks to endangered species. Predictive and retrospective causal analysis applications are considered. The former address proposed projects where the potential exists for adverse interaction between the project and an endangered species. The latter involve existing projects or products for which a determination is being or has been made concerning the threats posed to an endangered species. The causal analysis method described herein is a well-established procedure that is widely used in other scientific fields and offers a practical and logical process through which threats to endangered species can be assessed and recovery actions prioritized.

A Japanese version of the stressors in nursing students(SINS)scale

Objectives:To translate and study the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Stressors in Nursing Students scale.Methods:The Stressors in Nursing Students scale was translated into Japanese and administered to a large cohort(N=1298)of female Japanese nursing students across five universities and across all four years of the nursing programme.The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis.Results:Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors:‘Clinical’;‘Conflict and confidence’;‘Education’;and‘Free time’.The relationship between the total score on the Stressors in Nursing Students scale and the demographic aspects of the sample was weak but there was a significant increase in the perception of stressors between first and second year students.Conclusions:There were similarities and differences between the perception of stressors by nursing students in Japan compared with,for example,the United Kingdom and China mainland.While a fourfactor structure was found here,the distribution of items in the Stressors in Nursing Students scale differed from previous studies in the United Kingdom and China with the‘Free time’factor being unique to this study.Stress is an issue for nursing students and is related to the specific stressors they encounter in the process of their work and study.Findings can inform the development of strategies to reduce such stressors among nursing students in multiple,global contexts.

Stressors and coping mechanisms of people with mental disorders in the community

Background:People with mental disorders often experience human rights violations,discrimination,exclusion,and stigma.Objective:To determine the stressors and coping mechanisms of people with mental disorders in society.Methods:This research is a qualitative phenomenological research.We wanted to explore and describe the experiences of mentally ill patients in the community at the rehabilitation stage in stress management,including the stressors in people with a mental health condition and the coping mechanisms used.Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with 15 participants.Results:The results of this study show that the stressors of mental illness patients are a less-accepting environment,feeling of shame,fear of being excluded,having no income,and side effects of drugs.Conclusions:The coping mechanisms used include carrying out activities,telling stories to others,and diverting emotions.

Separate But not Equal:Stressors in the Work of Arab Teachers in Israel

Teaching is a stressful profession characterizing the work of teachers.The Neoliberal reforms have added a further burden on teachers’work,increasing stress at work and resulting in negative health,occupational and economic consequences.The aims of the study were to examine the perceptions of stress factors among Arab teachers in Israel,and the relationship between Arab teachers’stress factors by types of school(elementary,middle school,and high school)and gender.Stress factors were measured by using an instrument developed by Ablin et al.(2010).Three hundred forty-two public school Arab teachers participated in the study,of whom 230 were female and 112 were male.One hundred twenty-five worked in elementary schools,78 in middle schools,and 130 in high schools.The most stressful factors among Arab teachers were“busy schedule and lack of flexibility”,“the student composition of the class”,and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”.Significant statistical differences were found between teachers’stress factors by gender and school type.Female teachers rated stress factors“the student composition of the class”and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”higher than male teachers.Elementary teachers rated stress factors“student parents”,“lack of proper physical conditions”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than high school teachers.Middle school teachers rated stress factors“school management”,“general supervisor”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than primary school teachers.The leading stressor in this study is a result of educational disparities between Jews and Arabs.Israel formally purports to embrace the liberal responsibility of providing educational and development opportunities to all of its citizens,enabling them to actualize their full potential as human beings.

A Study on the Correlation between Stressors and Psychological Behaviors of Nurses in Support of COVID-19 Ward

COVID-19 has been a hot topic of research in medical journals. There are many articles which have been published on the genetic sequencing, pathology and other medical conditions associated with COVID-19, however, there are very few articles which acknowledge the psychological and behavioral aspects of front-line medical workers especially nurses. The purpose of the study is to understand the stressors, psychological behavior status and the correlation between psychological behavior and stressors for nurses who served in COVID-19 ward. The general information questionnaire, the nurse job stressor scale in Chinese, and the emergency public health incident questionnaire were used to survey 282 nurses in Jingzhou Central Hospital who supported COVID-19 ward. The result shows that the average work stress of nurses in this study was 1.40 ± 0.54 points. The top 3 dimensions were conceptual stress (1.67 ± 0.68), working environment stress (1.57 ± 0.60), and occupational hazard stress (1.57 ± 0.66). With different marital status, the average scores of stress are different, and the difference is statistically significant (t = 2.139, P = 0.034). For nurses in COVID-19 ward who faced sudden public health crisis, the self-evaluated psychological score of nurses in COVID-19 ward averages 1.40 with a deviation of 0.54. In our study, fear had the highest influence on psychological behavior, while the lowest was the compulsive-anxiety factor. There was a positive correlation between the stressor scores and the psychological behavior scores (P < 0.01). The conclusion is that the pressure of nurses supporting COVID-19 ward is under moderate pressure, and the psychological behavior is moderately responded with a few nurses having psychological behavior deviation.