The angular acceleration due to the spin effect increases the burning rate of solid propellant and changes the motor performance by increasing the operating pressure and decreasing the burning time. So it is important...The angular acceleration due to the spin effect increases the burning rate of solid propellant and changes the motor performance by increasing the operating pressure and decreasing the burning time. So it is important to know the grain regression taken place in the solid propellant rocket motor in the acceleration field. This study represents the grain regression analysis of two-dimensional axis-symmetric star grain configuration of the solid propellant rocket motor with spin induced acceleration effect and pressure effect on burn rate using geometrical and numerical analysis. While the rocket is spinning, the burn rates on each point of the propellant surface are different with its radial distance, acceleration vector angle and surface slope. With the different burn rates on the propellant surface, we analyze the propellant surface perimeter and port area, and these results are compared with those of constant burn rate and burn rate affected by the chamber pressure.展开更多
In solid backfill mining without gangue removal, the gangue is separated directly underground and backfilled into goaf. This necessitates the underground construction of an extra-large section chamber for separation e...In solid backfill mining without gangue removal, the gangue is separated directly underground and backfilled into goaf. This necessitates the underground construction of an extra-large section chamber for separation equipments. For the construction of an extra-large section chamber in the Tangshan mine, we proposed an active support through a combination of bolting, anchor cables, lining, and a reinforced chamber floor by inverted arch pouring. ABAQUS software was used to analyze the surrounding rock deformation and the plastic zone development of the chamber under different excavation schemes.The best excavation scheme was determined, and the effectiveness of the combined supports was verified. In practice, the engineering installation showed good overall control of the movement of the surrounding rock, with roof-to-floor and side-to-side convergences of 154.6 and 77.5 mm, respectively,which meets the requirements for underground coal gangue separation.展开更多
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is an important quantity in planning particle beam cancer therapy. In general, the RBE describes the biological effectiveness of a given primary beam with respect to a reference...Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is an important quantity in planning particle beam cancer therapy. In general, the RBE describes the biological effectiveness of a given primary beam with respect to a reference photon irradiation. RBE varies not only for different primary beams but also with depth in the target for a given beam modality. It is not a quantity that easily lends itself to measurements or computation as it depends on many biological and physical quantities. Numerous experiments in vitro using various cell lines and irradiation modalities have shown that a general relationship between RBE and the physical quantity Linear Energy Transfer (LET) exists. Several groups have proposed including LET in the radiation therapy treatment planning instead of the more complicated and elusive RBE. It has been shown that LET is an important quantity to consider in treating radio-resistant tumors. The concept of LET painting has been proposed with the goal of improving tumor control probability (TCP) for hypoxic tumors by focusing high LET radiation on the hypoxic region of the tumor while restricting the surrounding normal tissue to low LET radiation. In order to properly incorporate LET in clinical treatment, it is important to be able to experimentally measure and verify LET distribution. We propose a novel method for measuring LET using a dual chamber methodology exploiting the difference in the observed recombination between air filled ionization chambers (IC) and liquid filled ionization chambers (LIC). The resulting difference in the measured signals will be used to directly extract the relative LET of an actual treatment beam in real time. This paper describes our initial studies of this method, presents preliminary results, and discusses further improvements toward a practical real-time LET measuring device.展开更多
为探究开顶式气室(Open top chamber,OTC)内外环境差异及其对植物生长的影响,通过对比观测OTC内外的温度、湿度、光合有效辐射以及小麦的净光合速率、生物量、产量,评价了OTC对小麦生长的环境条件及叶片光合速率和产量的影响程度。结果...为探究开顶式气室(Open top chamber,OTC)内外环境差异及其对植物生长的影响,通过对比观测OTC内外的温度、湿度、光合有效辐射以及小麦的净光合速率、生物量、产量,评价了OTC对小麦生长的环境条件及叶片光合速率和产量的影响程度。结果表明:实验通气时间段(9:00—17:00),OTC内部温度比外部高4.8℃(P<0.05),相对湿度低0.6个百分点(P<0.05),光合有效辐射低32.3%(P<0.05)。OTC内小麦的净光合速率显著高于OTC外(P<0.05),且最大影响出现在小麦灌浆阶段。OTC内的小麦单株生物量增加了13.3%,其中穗生物量增加最多(35.2%);小麦单株产量增加了49.2%,其中籽粒数和千粒质量均增加了34.5%。实验结果不仅表明OTC增温能够促进农作物生产并提高产量,而且也提示,若采用OTC开展空气CO_(2)和O_(3)等浓度增加对植物影响模拟实验时,应该尽量减少OTC内外的微气候差异,并考虑OTC增温可能对实验结果的影响。展开更多
文摘The angular acceleration due to the spin effect increases the burning rate of solid propellant and changes the motor performance by increasing the operating pressure and decreasing the burning time. So it is important to know the grain regression taken place in the solid propellant rocket motor in the acceleration field. This study represents the grain regression analysis of two-dimensional axis-symmetric star grain configuration of the solid propellant rocket motor with spin induced acceleration effect and pressure effect on burn rate using geometrical and numerical analysis. While the rocket is spinning, the burn rates on each point of the propellant surface are different with its radial distance, acceleration vector angle and surface slope. With the different burn rates on the propellant surface, we analyze the propellant surface perimeter and port area, and these results are compared with those of constant burn rate and burn rate affected by the chamber pressure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51304206)the Project of National Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Foundation of China (No. 2012BAB13B03)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-11-0728)
文摘In solid backfill mining without gangue removal, the gangue is separated directly underground and backfilled into goaf. This necessitates the underground construction of an extra-large section chamber for separation equipments. For the construction of an extra-large section chamber in the Tangshan mine, we proposed an active support through a combination of bolting, anchor cables, lining, and a reinforced chamber floor by inverted arch pouring. ABAQUS software was used to analyze the surrounding rock deformation and the plastic zone development of the chamber under different excavation schemes.The best excavation scheme was determined, and the effectiveness of the combined supports was verified. In practice, the engineering installation showed good overall control of the movement of the surrounding rock, with roof-to-floor and side-to-side convergences of 154.6 and 77.5 mm, respectively,which meets the requirements for underground coal gangue separation.
文摘Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is an important quantity in planning particle beam cancer therapy. In general, the RBE describes the biological effectiveness of a given primary beam with respect to a reference photon irradiation. RBE varies not only for different primary beams but also with depth in the target for a given beam modality. It is not a quantity that easily lends itself to measurements or computation as it depends on many biological and physical quantities. Numerous experiments in vitro using various cell lines and irradiation modalities have shown that a general relationship between RBE and the physical quantity Linear Energy Transfer (LET) exists. Several groups have proposed including LET in the radiation therapy treatment planning instead of the more complicated and elusive RBE. It has been shown that LET is an important quantity to consider in treating radio-resistant tumors. The concept of LET painting has been proposed with the goal of improving tumor control probability (TCP) for hypoxic tumors by focusing high LET radiation on the hypoxic region of the tumor while restricting the surrounding normal tissue to low LET radiation. In order to properly incorporate LET in clinical treatment, it is important to be able to experimentally measure and verify LET distribution. We propose a novel method for measuring LET using a dual chamber methodology exploiting the difference in the observed recombination between air filled ionization chambers (IC) and liquid filled ionization chambers (LIC). The resulting difference in the measured signals will be used to directly extract the relative LET of an actual treatment beam in real time. This paper describes our initial studies of this method, presents preliminary results, and discusses further improvements toward a practical real-time LET measuring device.
文摘为探究开顶式气室(Open top chamber,OTC)内外环境差异及其对植物生长的影响,通过对比观测OTC内外的温度、湿度、光合有效辐射以及小麦的净光合速率、生物量、产量,评价了OTC对小麦生长的环境条件及叶片光合速率和产量的影响程度。结果表明:实验通气时间段(9:00—17:00),OTC内部温度比外部高4.8℃(P<0.05),相对湿度低0.6个百分点(P<0.05),光合有效辐射低32.3%(P<0.05)。OTC内小麦的净光合速率显著高于OTC外(P<0.05),且最大影响出现在小麦灌浆阶段。OTC内的小麦单株生物量增加了13.3%,其中穗生物量增加最多(35.2%);小麦单株产量增加了49.2%,其中籽粒数和千粒质量均增加了34.5%。实验结果不仅表明OTC增温能够促进农作物生产并提高产量,而且也提示,若采用OTC开展空气CO_(2)和O_(3)等浓度增加对植物影响模拟实验时,应该尽量减少OTC内外的微气候差异,并考虑OTC增温可能对实验结果的影响。
