Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Biological activities of chamomile(Matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick(Acari Ixodidae)

In the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers' extract was studied against engorged Rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. For this purpose, the engorged females of Rhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%) using "dipping method" in vitro. The engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (five ticks for each dilution) for 1 min and they were imme-diately incubated in separate Petri dishes for each replicate at 26 °C and 80% relative humidity. Mortality rate for each treatment was recorded 5 d after incubation. The mortality rate caused by different dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract ranged from 6.67% to 26.7%, whereas no mortality was recorded for non-treated control group. The mass of produced eggs varied from 0.23 g (in 8.0% solution) to 0.58 g (in control), with no statistical differences between the treatments and control (P>0.05). Also the chamomile flowers' extract in highest concentration used (8.0%) caused 46.67% failure in egg laying in engorged females while no failure was observed for non-treated control group. Macroscopic observations indicated that in effective concentrations of plant (4.0% and 8.0%), patchy hemorrhagic swelling appeared on the skin of treated ticks. The results presented for the first time in this study imply that chamomile may be considered as a promising plant for biocontrol of cattle fever tick disease in the field condition.

Performance of Medicinal and Aromatic Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under Different Planting, Manure cum Fertilizer Regimes in Kathmandu Valley

New and old genotypes of German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla Linn.)were experimented under different planting methods,manure and fertilizer combinations first time in Kathmandu valley.The researches aimed at evaluating genotypes performance,identifying suitable planting method and optimum combination of manures and fertilizers.The germplasm evaluation experiment was conducted at the National Agriculture Research Institute(NARI)field,Khumaltar during January-May.Planting method trial was laid out in randomized complete block and manure cum fertilizer trial was in Latin square design(LSD).The results showed good performance of chamomile growth,development and oil content.Major agronomic traits had average figures in all experiments comparable to chamomile growing areas.Most data differed significantly and at par.New genotype produced relatively higher number of branches,leaves and flower heads maintaining more plant density.Growth was higher in row sown and transplanted plots,row sowing found more beneficial.Transplanted plots delayed maturity.Transplanted(0.95%)and broadcasted(0.80%)chamomile gave higher oil percentage,no difference found between genotypes.Significantly(p<0.05)higher and at par branch numbers,flower heads,biomass yield,plant height were recorded in the treatments with higher rate of farm yard manure(FYM)20 t/ha followed by combined application of NPK 60:40:20 kg/ha plus manure 10 t/ha.Oil content was the highest(0.95%)in FYM(20 t/ha)applied plots followed by combined fertilization(0.80%).Despite inferior to treatment N:P:K 60:40:20 kg/ha only to enhance growth and oil production,other results suggested suitable technology and successful cultivation of chamomile in valley conditions are recommended.

俄色菊花复合饮料配方研究及香气成分分析

以俄色茶叶及菊花为主料研制俄色菊花茶复合饮料,基于单因素试验,以感官评分为评价指标,通过正交试验确定俄色菊花茶复合饮料的最佳配方。经顶空固相微萃取气相色谱质谱法(Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析复合饮料香气成分。结果表明,影响复合饮料感官品质的因素排序为俄色茶与菊花茶汤体积比(A)>白砂糖添加量(B)>苹果酸添加量(D)>D-异抗坏血酸钠添加量(C);俄色菊花茶复合饮料的最佳配方为俄色茶与菊花茶汤体积比4∶1,白砂糖添加量8%,D-异抗坏血酸钠添加量0.30%,苹果酸添加量0.03%;复合饮料含有42种挥发性化合物,其中酯类和酸类物质种类及含量最多,为复合饮料的主要增香物质。

从全球专利格局分析“一带一路”外来药物资源洋甘菊的开发策略

洋甘菊为“一带一路”倡议下引进的外来药物资源,利用IncoPat专利数据库检索全球洋甘菊专利数据,并进行可视化分析。结果显示,得到4 576件洋甘菊相关专利,洋甘菊相关专利申请数量从2011年开始增长,但授权发明占比较少;洋甘菊相关专利申请主要市场在中国,申请主体为企业。化妆品、药物制剂为洋甘菊研究领域热点。国内洋甘菊相关专利申请数量较大,但其合享价值度普遍偏低。洋甘菊专利申请处于平稳增长期,其在化妆品、药品、食品、保健品领域的深入研究尚有较大的发展潜力。

罗马洋甘菊精油含量及成分分析

为探究罗马洋甘菊不同开花率和4个不同部位的得油率及成分差异。采用水蒸气蒸馏方法提取罗马洋甘菊挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测分析了4种精油的化学组成。结果表明:开花率为30%的罗马洋甘菊得油率仅为0.12%,开花率为70%的得油率达到了0.2%;以全花为原料制备的罗马洋甘菊精油共检测出50种化学成分,以全叶为原料制备的罗马洋甘菊精油共检测出60种化学成分,以花下20 cm杆为原料制备的罗马洋甘菊精油共检测出59种化学成分,而以根上20 cm杆为原料制备的罗马洋甘菊精油共检测出42种化学成分。4种精油的化学成分以酯类化合物和萜烯类化合物为主,但主要成分有所差异。罗马洋甘菊开花率越高其精油含量越高;不同部位制备的罗马洋甘菊精油物理性状相似,但成分含量不同,使得精油香韵也有所差异,这可能与原料的组成成分不同有关。

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective:To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptwi against Tetranychus urtiaie(T.urticae.)Koch.Methods:Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,3.0%and 4.0%)were used to control T.urticae Koch.Results:The results showed that chamomile(Chamomilla recutita)represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram(Marjorana hortensis)and Eucalyptus.The LC_(50)values of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65,1.84 and 2.18,respectively and for eggs 1.17,6.26 and 7.33,respectively.Activities of enzymes including glutathione-Stxansferase,esterase(α-esterase andβ-esterase)and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved.Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC_(50)of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(CC-MS)proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita areα-bisabolol oxide A(35.251%),and trans-3-farersene(7.758%),while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpincne-4-ol(23.860%),p-cymene(23.404%)and sabinene(10.904%).Conclusions:It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T.urticae.

Nephroprotective Effect of <i>Nigella Sativa</i>and <i>Matricaria Chamomilla</i>in Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury—Supportive Treatments in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.

Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Content of Matricaria chamomilla Extracts from Different Populations of Iran

Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.

洋甘菊中2种咖啡酰基奎宁酸大孔树脂纯化工艺的优化

目的优化洋甘菊中2种咖啡酰基奎宁酸大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺。方法以2种咖啡酰奎宁酸的吸附率和解吸率为评价指标筛选树脂种类。以吸附率和解吸率为评价指标,筛选最优工艺参数,包括上样液浓度、上样量、吸附速率、水冲洗用量、洗脱剂种类和用量等。结果最佳条件为采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化,药液浓度0.20 g/ml,树脂柱径高比1:6,吸附速率2 BV/h,在此条件下,上柱量达7 BV;吸附好的树脂先用1 BV水洗净,流速5 BV/h,再用3 BV 50%乙醇和1 BV 70%乙醇洗脱活性部位,合并洗脱液,浓缩,干燥既得。结论该工艺稳定可靠,可用于大孔吸附树脂纯化洋甘菊中2种咖啡酰基奎宁酸。

洋甘菊残渣抑菌活性及作用研究

该试验通过研究洋甘菊残渣的成分及抑菌活性来探究洋甘菊残渣的应用价值。通过对各极性部位中的酚酸、多糖、黄酮类化合物的鉴定及含量测定,初步判定有效抑菌物质;采用打孔法和试管二倍稀释法测定各极性部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、绿脓杆菌的抑菌活性;探究洋甘菊残渣中乙酸乙酯萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长曲线、电导率、细胞壁完整性、胞外多糖、胞外蛋白的影响。结果表明,洋甘菊残渣各极性部位中均含有黄酮类化合物,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物中黄酮类化合物含量最高,为31.53 mg/g;乙酸乙酯萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强,最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)为15.63 mg/mL,抑菌圈直径为(19.73±0.45)mm;抑菌机制试验表明,金黄色葡萄球菌经乙酸乙酯萃取物处理后,细胞中的内容物流出,胞外蛋白、多糖含量显著升高,菌体培养液电导率也显著增大。

复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶在干槽症治疗中的临床应用

目的:评价常规治疗基础上联合复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶(商品名:甘美达凝胶)对缓解干槽症患者早期疼痛和促进拔牙创愈合的临床效果。方法:纳入2018年12月~2020年12月在北京市顺义区医院口腔科因干槽症而就诊的病例80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组牙槽窝在双氧水、生理盐水擦拭后,均匀涂布甘美达凝胶,再填塞碘仿纱条;对照组在擦拭后的牙槽窝内仅填塞碘仿纱条。评估两组患者治疗后第1、3、7天时的疼痛减轻程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)],治疗后第1、3、7、14天肉芽组织形成状态(拔牙窝内肉芽组织生成量)及干槽症病程时长对比。结果:两组基线数据无显著性差异(P>0.05);观察组早期(治疗后1 d和3 d)疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组3 d和7 d肉芽组织再生评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干槽症病程时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在干槽症治疗中,采用甘美达凝胶联合碘仿纱条填塞治疗,可明显缓解干槽症患者早期疼痛不适,加速创面的愈合,减短病程时间,因而值得临床医师参考借鉴。

洋甘菊总黄酮体外抗肿瘤活性研究

采用CCK-8法研究了洋甘菊总黄酮对人肺癌细胞A549、人胃癌细胞AGS、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa及SiHa、人食管癌细胞Eca-109及TE-1、人肝癌细胞HepG2体外增殖的抑制作用,并采用流式细胞术检测了洋甘菊总黄酮对SiHa细胞周期分布及凋亡率的影响。结果表明,与正常对照组比较,洋甘菊总黄酮对7种肿瘤细胞增殖均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对SiHa细胞的抑制作用最强,作用48 h的IC_(50)值为(97.74±4.02)μg·mL^(-1);洋甘菊总黄酮低、中剂量组(25μg·mL^(-1)、50μg·mL^(-1))干预SiHa细胞24 h后,细胞阻滞在G_(0)/G_(1)期,总凋亡率由5.88%±0.29%分别升至11.57%±0.27%、18.08%±1.63%,说明低剂量洋甘菊总黄酮可抑制SiHa细胞增殖,诱导SiHa细胞凋亡。

洋甘菊在化疗相关口腔黏膜炎防治中的应用研究进展

从口腔黏膜炎的病理生理学,洋甘菊的种类、作用机制及产物,国内外洋甘菊研究现状3个方面综述洋甘菊在化疗相关口腔黏膜炎防治中的应用研究进展,旨在为开展相关研究及临床实践提供参考。

HPLC法测定香菊胶囊中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的含量

建立HPLC法测定香菊胶囊中欧前胡素、异欧前胡素的含量。采用Agilent Extend-C_(18)色谱柱,以乙晴-水(48∶52)为流动相;检测波长为214 nm,流速为1.0 m L/min^(-1)。欧前胡素进样量在0.0603~0.5058μg范围内与峰面积存在良好的线性关系(r=1.0000);异欧前胡素进样量在0.03723~0.2857μg范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=1.0000)。欧前胡素的平均回收率为98.20%,S_(RSD)=1.16%;异欧前胡素的平均回收率为97.90%,S_(RSD)=1.10%。该方法操作过程简便快速,测定结果准确,可用于香菊胶囊的质量控制。

纳米粒凝胶复合材料制备及在牙周炎辅助治疗中的应用

制备一种复方甘菊利多卡因-聚糖纳米粒(FJ)复合水凝胶用于牙周炎进行辅助治疗,并对其性能和临床效果进行研究。结果表明:FJ用量为0.02%时,制备的复合水凝胶综合性能最佳,此时复合水凝胶在释放时间为7 d时,药物释放量约为35%,在生理环境和酶促环境下,降解较为稳定,细菌的增殖率和平板上菌落数基本为0,与CCK-8细胞共同培养5 d后,对细胞增殖不产生抑制,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)表达量明显增加,表现出良好的综合性能。辅助治疗牙周炎患者12周后,探诊深度缩短至2.86 mm,出血指数降至0.61分,P g病菌和P i病菌检出率分别为52.5%和40%,表现出良好的治疗效果。

青海菊科植物的三个新记录种

本文报道了三个青海省新记录种——母菊(Matricaria chamomilla)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata)。三者均为菊科一年生草本植物,都具有药用价值,并且代表了青海省菊科的两个新分布属。其中粗毛牛膝菊是青藏高原的新记录。这三个物种在青海省的发现丰富了青海省菊科植物的多样性,增加了当地药用植物和观赏植物资源。考虑到两种牛膝菊的入侵性特点,相关部门应给予关注,必要时进行防控干预。

不同花期洋甘菊功能性成分含量及抗氧化活性研究

以花苞期、半开期、全开期的洋甘菊为研究对象,检测其总黄酮、总糖和总酚含量,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同花期洋甘菊的总黄酮含量分别为花苞期2.214%、半开期2.202%、全开期2.560%;总糖含量分别为花苞期19.55%、半开期18.89%、全开期24.41%;总酚含量分别为花苞期0.378%、半开期0.441%、全开期0.442%;不同花期的洋甘菊提取物均具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。

洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定

目的测定洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量。方法在美国药典收载的HPLC方法基础上,适当调整色谱条件,采用UPLC法,测定新疆洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷的含量。结果两批洋甘菊样品中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量分别为5.2、5.8mg/g。结论 UPLC方法,可作为洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定。

一测多评法测定新疆两种洋甘菊中5种化学成分含量

目的建立新疆两种洋甘菊中木犀草苷、芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷、7-甲氧基香豆素、木犀草素、芹菜素的一测多评含量测定方法。方法采用超高效液相色谱法,以芹菜素为内标物,建立其与木犀草苷、芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷、7-甲氧基香豆素、木犀草素的相对校正因子,并进行含量测定,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定11批洋甘菊中木犀草苷、芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷、7-甲氧基香豆素、木犀草素、芹菜素的含量,验证一测多评法的准确性。结果外标测定法5种化学成分在标准曲线范围内均呈良好线性关系(r>0.999 3);平均加样回收率分别为:木犀草苷99.7%、芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷97.5%、7-甲氧基香豆素98.8%、木犀草素100.9%、芹菜素99.1%,RSD分别为1.8%,0.6%,0.5%,1.8%,1.9%。一测多评法中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷、木犀草苷、7-甲氧基香豆素、木犀草素相对芹菜素对照品的校正因子f分别为1.441,2.308,1.117,1.490,RSD分别为0.07%,0.04%,0.09%,0.18%。采用一测多评法计算的含量值与外标法实测值之间无显著差异。结论在对照品缺乏、昂贵的情况下,以外标法测定芹菜素,利用相对校正因子实现对木犀草苷、芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷、7-甲氧基香豆素、木犀草素的含量测定可行。