Heterogeneous information phase space reconstruction and stability prediction of filling body–surrounding rock combination

Traditional research believes that the filling body can effectively control stress concentration while ignoring the problems of unknown stability and the complex and changeable stress distribution of the filling body–surrounding rock combination under high-stress conditions.Current monitoring data processing methods cannot fully consider the complexity of monitoring objects,the diversity of monitoring methods,and the dynamics of monitoring data.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a phase space reconstruction and stability prediction method to process heterogeneous information of backfill–surrounding rock combinations.The three-dimensional monitoring system of a large-area filling body–surrounding rock combination in Longshou Mine was constructed by using drilling stress,multipoint displacement meter,and inclinometer.Varied information,such as the stress and displacement of the filling body–surrounding rock combination,was continuously obtained.Combined with the average mutual information method and the false nearest neighbor point method,the phase space of the heterogeneous information of the filling body–surrounding rock combination was then constructed.In this paper,the distance between the phase point and its nearest point was used as the index evaluation distance to evaluate the stability of the filling body–surrounding rock combination.The evaluated distances(ED)revealed a high sensitivity to the stability of the filling body–surrounding rock combination.The new method was then applied to calculate the time series of historically ED for 12 measuring points located at Longshou Mine.The moments of mutation in these time series were at least 3 months ahead of the roadway return dates.In the ED prediction experiments,the autoregressive integrated moving average model showed a higher prediction accuracy than the deep learning models(long short-term memory and Transformer).Furthermore,the root-mean-square error distribution of the prediction results peaked at 0.26,thus outperforming the no-prediction method in 70%of the cases.

Dark Matter: The Source of Space and Time

A simple assumption for dark matter leads to magnetic-monopole-like terms to Maxwell’s Equations, a photon model with wave-particle duality, nuclear stability, a decelerating expansion of the universe, and a dark-matter relativity that defines the origin of space and time.

基于Landsat的兴安县植被覆盖度时空变化研究

本研究使用兴安县Landsat影像,采用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度(FVC),并使用一元线性回归法分析植被覆盖度变化趋势。结果表明:(1)研究区平均FVC在2013-2021年间呈“S”型的上升趋势,在2016年达到最大(0.754),在2019年最小(0.635),平均FVC为0.707;(2)年平均FVC空间分布呈现南北高、中间低的分布情况,其中高等级FVC占比最多,低等级FVC占比最少;(3)研究区多年植被覆盖变化趋势向好。

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Snow Cover Area in the Pamirs from 2010 to 2020

Scientific and comprehensive monitoring of snow cover changes in the Pamirs is of great significance to the prevention of snow disasters around the Pamirs and the full utilization of water resources. Utilize the 2010-2020 snow cover product MOD10A2, Synthesis by maximum, The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover area in the Pamirs in the past 11 years have been obtained. Research indicates: In terms of interannual changes, the snow cover area of the Pamir Plateau from 2010 to 2020 generally showed a slight decrease trend. The average snow cover area in 2012 was the largest, reaching 54.167% of the total area. In 2014, the average snow cover area was the smallest, accounting for only 44.863% of the total area. In terms of annual changes, there are obvious changes with the change of seasons. The largest snow area is in March, and the smallest snow area is in August. In the past 11 years, the average snow cover area in spring and summer showed a slow decreasing trend, and there was almost no change in autumn and winter. In terms of space, the snow cover area of the Pamirs is significantly affected by altitude, and the high snow cover areas are mainly distributed in the Karakoram Mountains and other areas with an altitude greater than 5000 meters.

Groundwater quality and land use change in a typical karst agricultural region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan

Taking the typical karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed in Luxi of Yurman Province as a research unit, utilizing the groundwater quality data in 1982 and 2004, the aerial photos in 1982 and TM images in 2004, supported by the GIS, we probe into the law and the reason of its space-time change of the groundwater quality over the past 22 years in the paper. The results show： （1） There were obvious temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality during the past 22 years. （2） Concentrations of NH4^＋, SO4^2- , NO3, NO2^-, Cl^- and the pH value, total hardness, total alkalinity increased significantly, in which NH4^2-, NO3, and NO2^- of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standards as a result of non-point pollution caused by the expansion of cultivated land and mass use of the fertilizer and pesticide. （3） Oppositely, Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- showed an obvious decline trend due to forest reduction and degradation and stony desertification. Meantime, there was a dynamic relation between the groundwater quality change and the land use change.

The Time-Frequency Energy Attenuation Factor and Its Application on the Basis of Gauss Linear Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wavelet Transform

Based on the Gauss linear frequency modulated wavelet transform, a new characteristic index is presented, namely time frequency energy attenuation factor which can reflect the difference features of waveform in earthquake focus mechanism, wave traveling path and its attenuation characteristics in focal area or near field. In order to test its validity, we select the natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events whose focus mechanisms vary obviously,and some natural earthquakes located at the same site or in a very small area. The study indicates that the time frequency energy attenuation factors of the natural earthquakes are obviously different with that of explosion or collapse events, and the change of the time frequency energy attenuation factors is relatively stable for the earthquakes under the normal seismicity background. Using the above mentioned method, it is expected to offer a useful criterion for strong earthquake prediction by continuous earthquake observation.

基于Landsat的重庆市生态环境质量动态监测及其时空格局演变分析

长江流域是我国重要的生态屏障之一,重庆市作为长江上游最后一道关口,研究其生态质量发展对于有效保护长江流域生态环境具有重要指导意义。基于2011—2021年间的Landsat影像等数据,计算遥感生态指数(Remote sensing based ecological index,RSEI),并采用Sen(Theil-Sen median)趋势分析法和MK(Mann-Kendall)检验研究其变化趋势以及利用Hurst指数模型分析RSEI的持续特征。利用空间转移矩阵和重心迁移模型研究其在空间上分布特征的变化情况,最后使用降水、风速、近地表气温、海拔等辅助数据为影响因素,结合地理探测器进一步探究RSEI变化驱动力,探讨重庆市2011—2021的RSEI空间分布及演变趋势。结果表明:(1)重庆市多年平均RSEI为0.593,使用等间距法将其划分的等级为差、较差、中等、良、优的面积占比分别为2.48%、8.28%、38.32%、41,87%、9.05%。从整体来看重庆市生态质量水平较高,重庆市年际RSEI以显著趋势波动增长。(2)RSEI等级为差的地区空间上主要集中于重庆西部;较差等级主要围绕差一级的周围;中等等级主要位于重庆市中西部;有超过一半的区域RSEI等级为良或优,分布在重庆市中北部地区。(3)利用Hurst指数与Sen氏趋势分析结果利用ArcGIS叠加分析,结果共计有总体53.3%的RSEI会保持增长的可持续性。(4)通过因子探测,本文发现以近地表气温、海拔为主的自然因素以及以土地利用为主的人为因素是影响重庆市RSEI空间分布的主要影响因素。(5)从RSEI空间分布变化来看2011—2021年重庆市生态环境质量主要发生了“较差→中等”、“较差→良”、“中等→良”、“良→优”这四个路径,整体上重庆市生态环境得到优化。

Space-time analysis of the changing patterns of population pressure on the ecological environment in China

This paper examines the temporal change and spatial variation of population pressure on the ecological environment in China.We have collected sufficient data from the statistical yearbooks of 31 provincial administrative areas in 1990,1995,2000,2005,and 2010.Using a geographic information system(GIS) and relevant models,we analyzed the trend of the population pressure on ecological environment and the change of the gravity center of ecological environment quality.We conclude that:(1) generally,population pressure on the ecological environment in China was becoming higher during1990-2010,especially in some areas where the population and environment were in serious imbalance and the ecological environment experienced severe pollution;(2) during a certain period,population pressure on the ecological environment was becoming lower in some areas,but the ecological environment was getting worse;(3) the areas with super-high population pressure on the ecological environment were Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai;(4) the gravity center of population pressure on the ecological environment and the center of ecological environment quality move differently during the study time period,but the general trend was similar- both of them were moving from west to east.Based on the analysis,this paper also provides some policy suggestions on the control of ecological environment quality.

Land Use Characteristics of Areas Around the Metro Station in the Old City of Chengdu: A Case Study of Sichuan Gymnasium Station

Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in 2005, 2011, and 2016 through Google Earth in order to draw the map of land use status in three time nodes. We then analyze the degree of mixing and equilibrium, intensity of development of land, and land use patterns of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station with indexes including the area proportion of land use patterns, information entropy, and degree of equilibrium within a 1,000-m radius centered on the station, so as to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of land around the station in different time nodes. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the development of rail transit has not significantly contributed to the boom of commerce and the development of the old city of Chengdu. We also analyze land use changes in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of space, and find that land use patterns in areas around commuter stations seem to be more complicated than that of the average station, and land use patterns in areas around Huaxiba Station and Nijiaqiao Station on Line 1, which opened first, are more complicated than that of Moziqiao Station and Yiguanmiao Station on Line 3. The original land use patterns formed in the old city often determine the selection of rail transit routes and rail transit stations. Adaptive stations do not play a decisive role in land use patterns in their surrounding areas, but have some impact on the plot ratio and building height of land for commercial use within the core area of the stations.

Study on Ecological Change Remote Sensing Monitoring Method Based on Elman Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network

In this paper, Hailin City of Heilongjiang Province, China is taken as the research area. As an important city in Heilongjiang Province, China, the sustainable development of its ecological environment is related to the opening up, economic prosperity and social stability of Northeast China. In this paper, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of Hailin City in recent 20 years was calculated by using Landsat 5/8/9 series satellite images, and the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological environment in Hailin City were further analyzed and the influencing factors were discussed. From 2003 to 2023, the mean value of RSEI in Hailin City decreased and increased, and the ecological environment decreased slightly as a whole. RSEI declined most significantly from 2003 to 2008, and it increased from 2008 to 2013, decreased from 2013 to 2018, and increased from 2018 to 2023 again, with higher RSEI value in the south and lower RSEI value in the northwest. It is suggested to appropriately increase vegetation coverage in the northwest to improve ecological quality. As a result, the predicted value of Elman dynamic recurrent neural network model is consistent with the change trend of the mean value, and the prediction error converges quickly, which can accurately predict the ecological environment quality in the future study area.

基于1990—2019年Landsat影像的干旱区绿洲土地利用变化与模拟

探明西北干旱区典型人工绿洲阿拉尔垦区的土地利用变化及未来发展情况,为类似地区土地利用变化的调控和管理提供参考。将逐年各月份影像进行多时相合成后,运用支持向量机分类方法获得逐年土地利用分类图,从面积变化、类型转化、空间动态变化3方面进行土地利用变化分析,采用CA(cellular automaton)-Markov模型模拟2050和2080年土地利用变化情况,基于累积距平法和通径分析方法探究其突变情况和驱动因素。研究结果表明:1990—2019年,阿拉尔垦区耕地、园地、水体和建设用地的面积呈增加趋势,其中耕地和园地面积的增加主要是由塔里木河沿岸区域之外的未利用地转换而来。至2080年,垦区东北和东南部的未利用地将被逐渐开垦,耕地、园地和建设用地的面积将大幅增加。阿拉尔垦区土地利用类型面积在2005年发生转折性变化,耕地、园地和建设用地的面积急剧增加;垦区土地利用变化的主要驱动因素为总人口、农业生产总值和棉花价格。研究结论:在未来土地开发利用过程中,应当制定可持续发展的耕地开发政策,严格控制建设用地面积,构建合理的土地利用结构。

考虑RoCoF约束的新能源电力系统惯量分区配置方法

分析了大规模新能源电力系统按分区配置惯量的必要性,并对此给出电压源型换流器采用功率同步控制以配置虚拟惯量的建议。据此,提出一种考虑频率变化率约束的惯量分区配置方法。该方法先将待研究系统按频率响应特性的一致程度进行分区,然后结合分区内部扰动、分区间联络线上功率变化和负荷电压响应等因素计算扰动情况下各分区的最大不平衡功率,从而以分区为单位得到惯量需求并进行配置。最后,基于华东电网规划算例,说明了苏北沿海电网等分区的惯量配置需求,并验证所提惯量分区配置方法的有效性。

Transient Stability Analysis of 33 KV Transmission Network of Egi Community, Nigeria

Transient analysis of 33 KV power transmission line stability of Egi communi-ty is considered in this research work with the aim of reducing the frequency of fault occurrence and voltage collapse in the network. The supply is taken from Egi generating station located at Total Nigeria Limited Gas Plant Obite at voltage level of 33 KV to Egi communities. This work focuses on the transient nature of network stability since transient fault is the most dangerous in elec-trical systems. The swinging of the generator rotor in the event of transient three-phase short circuit fault can be monitored by the circuit breakers and the protective relays which causes mal-functioning of the circuit breakers and pro-tective relays leading to abnormal behavior of the network. Therefore, data obtained from the power station were used as a case study of Independent Power Producer (IPP) in Nigeria. For investigation of the power angle, angular velocity, rotor angle differential changes, and angular velocity differential changes, an electrical transient analyzer tool was employed (ETap version 16.00) for circuit breaker and protective relay time setting of (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60). The work used the Trapezoidal numerical technique for data analysis. The graphs were plotted using Matlab R2015a and the results obtained showed that when a symmetrical three-phase short circuit fault occur at one or any of the feeders, the fault must be cleared as quick as possible through the coordination of the circuit breakers and protective relays. For this research work, 17 cycles corresponding to relay time setting of t = 0.34 s were recommended and at each cycle, changes in time with respect to changes in rotor angle, angular velocity, rotor differential and angular velocity differential were calculated on the power network simultaneously. The results demonstrated that the Trapezoidal method is numerically stable, accurate and has faster respond time when compared to Modified Euler and swing equation techniques in event of fault occurrence in network.

SPACE-TIME DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR MAXWELL EQUATIONS IN DISPERSIVE MEDIA

In this paper, a unified model for time-dependent Maxwell equations in dispersive media is considered. The space-time DG method developed in [29] is applied to solve the un-derlying problem. Unconditional L2-stability and error estimate of order O？τr＋1＋hk＋1/2？ are obtained when polynomials of degree at most r and k are used for the temporal dis-cretization and spatial discretization respectively. 2-D and 3-D numerical examples are given to validate the theoretical results. Moreover, numerical results show an ultra-convergence of order 2r＋1 in temporal variable t.

中国古代人参的时空分布与近现代野生人参资源分布现状

人参是我国著名的中药材,早在两千多年前就已经被发现于山西上党地区,并记载于本草古籍中。随着朝代更替,在人类活动和生态环境不断变化的双重影响下,我国的人参资源由太行山区、燕山山区、东北山区逐渐向东北方向转移,近现代则仅存于我国东北一隅。对古代本草书籍和地理历史文献进行分析,从中整理出古代人参的朝代与产地变迁过程,总结归纳古代人参产地的时空分布变迁原因,并就近现代野生人参资源的分布进行深入分析,为野生人参的研究和保护提供参考。

2022年芦山M_(S)6.1、马尔康M_(S)6.0和泸定M_(S)6.8地震前跨断层形变异常特征与震后变化

基于四川地区多年积累的跨断层短基线、短水准数据,通过原始观测曲线分析、断层近场三维活动及区域预测效能指标定量计算,全面分析2022年芦山M_(S)6.1、马尔康M_(S)6.0和泸定M_(S)6.8三次地震前震中周边断层异常活动及震后变化。结果显示,3次M_(S)6.0以上地震前跨断层短期异常增多,主要表现特征为显著突跳和巨幅异常。3次中强地震分别发生于巴颜喀拉块体的内部、边界断裂带及其相邻的川滇菱形块体东边界,是应力传递、构造活动与块体运动共同作用的结果,因此出现异常的场地时空重叠度较高,无法进行严格区分和剥离。此外,泸定M_(S)6.8地震前观测到粘滑失稳前的预滑现象,震后1个月跨断层形变开始出现调整恢复变化。

1982-2015年黄河中游NDVI时空变化及驱动力分析

[目的]探究黄河中游NDVI时空变化,阐明自然和人为因素对NDVI变化的影响和驱动力,并为黄河中游生态保护与发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于AVHRR GIMMS NDVI数据集,采用线性回归分析、Mann-Kendall检验、地理探测器模型,分析了1982—2015年黄河中游植被NDVI的时空演变特征,并对影响植被NDVI的自然和人为因子进行了驱动力分析。[结果]1982—2015年黄河中游NDVI呈上升趋势,空间上呈东南高西北低分布.植被覆盖改善面积高达70.79%,显著改善面积为49.2%。年降水量是黄河中游NDVI变化的主要驱动因子,植被类型、地貌类型、土地利用类型和土壤类型等因子也能很好地解释黄河中游植被覆盖状况。自然因子对植被变化的影响远高于人为因子,因子交互结果为双因子增强或非线性增强。[结论]黄河中游植被NDVI主要受年降水量影响,34年间在自然和人为因素交互作用下植被显著改善,未来应更加注重人类活动对植被覆盖的影响。

云南省近20年间地表覆盖变化及其对自然保护地体系构建影响研究

对GlobeLand30涉及云南省2000、2010、2020年共15个分幅图进行地表解译,利用点数测算法对各类地表覆盖测算面积,并对地表变化的时空特征进行比较研究,分析其对自然保护地体系构建的影响。结果表明,近20年间云南省9种地表覆盖类型中耕地、林地、草地和灌木地呈“1增3减”、湿地和冰川永久积雪覆盖有所减少、水体先减后增、裸地先增后减、人造地表持续增加等变化特征。全省16个州(市)人造地表扩占耕地并非主导,多数州(市)的林、草、灌地表覆盖面积有所减少,人造地表扩占林草灌是首要矛盾。承载自然保护地的5种主要地表覆盖减少,提出监测地表覆盖变化以维护自然保护地的边界建设稳定性,以省级地表覆盖的视角研发省级荒野地图作为规划底数底图,识别最不被打扰的地理空间纳入自然保护地体系规划的设想。

浙江沿海地区农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素分析

农村居民点时空格局是合理规划农村基础,有利于促进新农村建设和乡村振兴。基于浙江沿海地区1980—2020年8期土地利用类型数据,运用单一土地利用动态度、土地利用活跃度、景观格局指数、标准差椭圆分析、地理探测器等方法,分析浙江沿海地区40年间的农村居民点规模、空间格局变化,探究其影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究时段内浙江沿海地区农村居民点面积持续增大,增幅近81%,转出面积少于转入,转入以耕地和林地为主要来源,活跃度波动大。(2)40年间农村居民点规模呈波动增长趋势,增长率达335.90%,斑块形态指数显示复杂度略有上升,表现出集聚趋势。(3)农村居民点集中扩展于嘉兴市、杭州市等沿海平原地区,集聚程度自北向南逐渐减弱,东南方向为扩张热点。(4)地理探测器分析显示海拔、坡度对空间分布贡献最大,降水、距河流距离和GDP密度影响较高,需重视自然因素在农村规划中的作用。本研究可以为农村规划和发展提供重要参考,指导合理布局农村建设和资源利用,为政府制定农村发展政策、资源配置和管理提供科学依据,推动乡村振兴战略落地生根。

GNSS对流层湿延迟随机游走过程噪声时空变化特征分析

全球导航卫星系统GNSS对流层天顶湿延迟(zenith wet delay,ZWD)随机噪声不仅影响ZWD估计值大小,还会影响ZWD的趋势项变化。为揭示ZWD随机游走过程噪声(random walk process noise,RWPN)的时空变化特征,本文选取全球20个IGS(International GNSS Service)测站,基于JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)、GFZ(Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam-German Research Centre for Geosciences)和CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe)分析中心2010至2020年对流层产品,从不同地理位置和不同时间序列分析GNSS ZWD随机游走过程噪声的变化范围和特征;并且在扣除ZWD的趋势项和主要周期项后,进一步揭示了ZWD残差信号分量构成。结果表明:不同地理位置湿延迟RWPN具有显著差异,年均值范围在0.01~0.146 mm/√s之间,且在大气集中的中低纬地区湿延迟RWPN值较大,在大气相对稀薄的极地地区其值较小;同一测站的湿延迟RWPN具有明显的周年、半周年和季节性特征,极差值高达0.12 mm/√s以上;通过对ZWD残差值分析,发现ZWD残差信号除包含白噪声外,还具有4.8 h至2.43 d的高频信号分量。