Land-use Change and Ecological Footprint Analysis of Harbin City

Appraisaling the land-use change degree of urban land objectively, analyzing the reasons, and proposing the countermeasures have important meanings to promote land sustainable development. The article analyzed the dynamic change of land-use ecological footprint in Harbin City from 1996 to 2006. Through the measurement of ecological footprint to assess the social impact and the extent of sustainable land-use. The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint in Harbin had increased year by year, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity had decreased, the per capita ecological deficit was increasing, and land-use in Harbin City was in an overload status. Finally, reasonable land-use proposals were proposed.

Spatial-temporal Patterns of Land-use Change in Typical Transect Area Along China National Highway 106 During 1996-2008

Based on land-use database updated with the survey of 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, this paper analyzed the land-use changes in the typical transect area along National Highway 106 with the aid of GIS technology and quantitative models. The results showed that arable land had been continuously decreased from 1996 to 2008, with a loss of 65.85× 10^3 hm2 and an average decrement of 5.49×10^3 hm^2 per year, and the loss in northern areas was larger; garden land and woodland were gradually centralized to the predominance area with an increment of 25.73×10^3 hm2 and 22.37×10^3 hm2, respectively; residential and industrial land increased year after year, and the transportation land showed the equalized developing spatial pattern; the increment of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the national macroscopic land-use policies, the rapid advance of urbanization and the development level of the regional economy. Through this case study, it is suggested that differential land- use policies should be adopted to create good environmental conditions to guarantee food security and to promote the economic development.

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha,China

Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.

The Assessment and Predicting of Land Use Changes to Urban Area Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery and GIS: A Case Study on Zanjan, IRAN (1984-2011)

Due to inappropriate planning and management, accelerated urban growth and tremendous loss in land, especially cropland, have become a great challenge for sustainable urban development [1]. Detection of such changes may help decision makers and planners to understand the factors in land use and land cover changes in order to take effective and useful measures. Remote sensing and GIS techniques may be used as efficient tools to detect and assess land use changes.In recent years, a considerable land use changes have occurred in the greater Zanjan area. In order to understand the type and rate of changes in this area, Landsat TM images captured in 1984 and 2011 have been selected for comparison.First, geometric correction and contrast stretch are applied. In order to detect and evaluate land use changes, image differencing, principal component analyses and Fuzzy ARTMAP classification method are applied. Finally, the results of land cover classification for three different times are compared to reveal land use changes.Then, combined Cellular Automata with Markov Chain analysis is employed to forecast of human impacts on land use change until 2020 in Zanjan area. The results of the present study disclose that about 44 percents of the total area changed their land use, e.g., changing agricultural land, orchard and bare land to settlements, construction of industrial areas and highways. The crop pattern also changes, such as orchard land to agricultural land and vice versa. The mentioned changes have occurred within last 27 years in Zanjan city and its surrounding area.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE BUILT-UP AREA OF DALIAN CITY

With the astounding development and gradual improvement of remote sensing technology,as an advanced science technology,it is used to pro vide multi-temporal,large scope re al-time information for land-use dynamic change,and also is one of the best efficient m ethods for studying the earth resour ces and environment.Remote sensing image has its characteristics of ample inform ation and reflecting the objective r ealities.The paper uses multi-temp oral TM images in1986,1996and 2000,and relevant sta tistic data to analyze land-use chan ges of Dalian City in Liaoning Provin ce of Chi-na over ten years by means of the corre lation analysis method.The results have shown that two methods could con-formably reflect the present land-u se change.Urbanization is closely c orrelative to natural factors and ec onomic develop-ment.Especially in recent 20years,under the influence of the reform and open-up policy,Dalian,as a specifi c coast city,is becoming an international m etropolis.

Dynamic change of desertified land in each county around Qinghai Lake in recent 30 years

Desertification is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems around Qinghai Lake.Based on GIS and RS,GIS analysis was used to obtain the information of spatial-temporal change and different pattern of desertification in each county around Qinghai Lake in four phases of1976,1987,1995 and 2006.Using the function of intersect and overlay supported by ARCGIS,with analyzing attributes of vector RS images,we obtained transition data and established transfer matrix of land-use types in recent 30 years,besides,protracted land-use transition maps of all desertification classes.In further,we analyzed transition quantity and direction of desertification in each county,moreover,reconstructed the process of spatial-temporal evolution of desertification.The results are showed below:(1)it's the transition between desertified land and others but not in the desertified that played the main role in Gangcha and Gonghe County,while the transfer between desertified lands were greater than that with other land-use types in Haiyan County.(2)Extremely severe desertified land mainly distributes in Ketu and Sand Islands that belongs to Haiyan County,and moderate desertified land in riversides of Gangcha County,also,the light desertification expanded too rapidly to become the most desertified land-use type in the surrounding of Qinghai Lake since 1976.(3)By using relative change rate of desertified land,the regional variability rank from top to toe was Gangcha,Haiyan and Gonghe.

武汉市南湖2000—2021年水域面积时空变化分析

基于Landsat卫星数据,采用波段比值法获取2000—2021年武汉市南湖水域面积,分析南湖水域面积时空变化。结果表明:南湖2003年水域面积最大,水域面积在2000—2007年呈现缩小,2008—2012年呈现增大,2013—2021年又呈现缩小,南湖治理时间与水域面积增大时间点重合,说明湖泊治理取得了成效。南湖2000—2021年水域面积整体呈现缩小,面积缩小总量为1.02 km~2,且北面、东面的面积缩小变化最为明显,南湖水域面积在2004—2005年呈现突变性快速缩小。南湖水域面积与蒸发量存在正相关,南湖水域面积与气温存在负相关。指数平滑模型和神经网络模型(LSTM)都能预测南湖水域面积,且水域面积在2022—2024年呈现增大,但指数平滑模型预测结果更准确。

凯里市农区鼠类组成及种群数量变化规律研究

为摸清凯里市农区鼠类种类,组成及种群数量变化规律,本研究在2011—2023年对贵州省凯里市农区鼠情进行连续监测。结果表明:在住宅区、稻田区和旱地区3种生境共置夹50733个,捕获鼠类915只,种类有9种,其中,住宅区优势鼠种为褐家鼠,占比为96.18%,农田区(稻田区和旱地区)优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占比为64.27%,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠是本地区监测及防治的重点。住宅区鼠类在1、3、10月出现3个种群数量高峰,农田区鼠类在1、3、11月出现3个种群数量高峰。住宅区、农田区鼠类种群数量均以秋季最高,夏季最低。因此,在每年的3—5月和8—10月是本区域农区鼠害防治的关键时期。研究结果为农区鼠害监测及防控工作提供了科学依据。

“十三五”期间杭州市农村地区环境空气质量变化趋势及臭氧影响研究

杭州市作为我国东部沿海地区的一个重要城市,近年来其农村地区面临着日益严峻的环境空气质量问题。2016—2020年杭州市农村地区空气质量综合指数呈现总体下降趋势,综合指数从2016年的1.91下降到2020年的1.66,但臭氧O3的浓度总体呈上升趋势,首要污染物O3占比从2016年的6.5%上升到2020年的26.7%。O3是一种高度植物毒性的空气污染物,会影响水稻、小麦和玉米等主要粮食作物的产量。“十三五”期间公顷粮食产量随着首要污染物O3占比的上升总体上呈下降趋势,对比国内外研究结果,O3对粮食产量存在一定影响。

基于多源数据的南宁市建成区数据提取及变化分析

为监测南宁市建成区的范围变化,以便更加准确、直观地了解城市扩张的规模与趋势,通过统计数据比较法和随机森林监督分类法提取南宁市2005-2020年的4期城市建成区数据,以此为基础进行建成区变化分析。研究发现,首先与统计数据相比,提取结果的最小误差率为-0.68%,最大误差率为2.66%;与美国国防气象卫星计划(defense meteorological satellite program,DMSP)/线性扫描业务系统(operational line-scan system,OLS)影像相比,利用索米国家极地轨道伙伴卫星(Suomi national polar orbiting partnership,NPP)/可见光近红外成像辐射(visible infrared imaging radiometer suite,VIIRS)影像进行建成区提取更具优势,总体误差更小;其次,2005-2020年南宁市建成区平均扩张速度为16.01 km2/a,该扩张速度经历了由稳步扩张到快速扩张的2个阶段,扩张强度与扩张动态度的变化趋势与扩张速度基本一致;最后,2005-2020年南宁市建成区重心整体向东(即青秀区)偏移,重心转移方向和速度受到政策和经济发展的影响。该研究方法准确有效,可为建成区数据提取研究提供新的思路。

新标准实施后我国城市人均建设用地变化研究——基于用地管控的视角

合理管控城市建设用地增长是实现城市集约、高效、健康发展的重要前提,也是走好我国城镇化后半程的迫切要求。本研究从建设用地管控视角,分析新标准实施以来我国城市人均建设用地面积及超标城市占比变化,结果表明,二者均继续增加,且不同等级、不同地区城市之间差异明显,建设用地管控压力较大。采用偏最小二乘法分析影响城市人均建设用地超标度的主要因素,发现超标度除受到城市原有用地水平、区位、等级影响外,社会经济发展也对其有一定作用。据此建议综合考虑城市区位、等级差异开展城市建设用地差异化管控,并结合城市社会发展水平、经济增长速度、公共财政状况等具体情况来进行弹性调节。

气候变化视角下上海黄浦江滨水区洪涝风险评估与分区分策

为进一步降低河口城市滨水区因气候变化引起的洪涝灾害风险,提高城市抗洪能力,基于政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)关于风险的定义,按照危险性、脆弱性、暴露度构建洪水风险指数评估模型,选取11个评价指标,采用场景模拟与GIS空间叠加的方法计算洪水风险指数。选取上海市黄浦江滨水空间为研究区,并分别以2030年、2050年及2100年为时间节点进行情景模拟,进一步按照人口密度单因子进行叠加评价,通过情景模拟识别黄浦江滨水空间景观,更新“三区三策”。结果显示:根据黄浦江滨水区气候变化目标下洪水风险的空间格局,显示风险度等级逐年提高;在2050及2100年的场景模拟中,黄浦江上、下游两部分均显示了高洪涝风险段。采取抵抗(抗洪)策略的岸线逐年增长,对城市高密度人口区等区域威胁日益增大;采取疏散策略的岸线逐年增长,水岸的宜居性降低;采取共处(承洪)策略的岸线逐年减少,需要采取更多抵抗策略与疏散策略。根据气候变化视角下黄浦江滨水区洪涝风险分区分策,泛洪区位于宝山区以东及浦东新区西北角,黄浦江滨水空间需要采取后退疏散策略,实施人口疏散,规划“河口保护计划”,以及在中游松江区内进行生态湿地建设;抗洪区位于中心城区,滨水空间需要继续采取抵抗洪水策略,且风险日益扩大;承洪区位于大部分黄浦江滨水空间,可采取与洪共处策略,但潜力日益缩小。

1990—2020年承德市御道口地区产水与水源涵养功能时空演变

承德市御道口地区作为京津冀水源涵养功能区的组成部分,是区域可持续发展的重要生态支撑。基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(InVEST模型)定量分析了1990—2020年御道口地区的产水与水源涵养功能的时空演变,并采用情景模拟法分析评估气候要素与土地利用类型变化对产水量与水源涵养量的影响。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,御道口地区平均产水深度与水源涵养深度分别为103.26,81.66 mm,产水量与水源涵养量呈现先减小后增加的波动变化趋势;空间均呈现东北高西南低的分布特征,高值区主要集中于东北林、草地区域,低值区则主要集中于未利用地与西南部耕地区域;(2)各气候要素中,产水深度、水源涵养深度与降水量呈正相关关系,与潜在蒸、散发量呈负相关关系;各土地利用类型中,草地的平均产水量贡献率最大(51.23%),林地的平均水源涵养量贡献率最大(50.77%);(3)1990—2020年,气候与土地利用变化对产水量变化的年平均贡献率分别为94.99%和5.01%,对水源涵养量变化的年平均贡献率分别为92.21%和7.79%,气候变化是御道口地区产水、水源涵养功能时空演变的主导因素,而土地利用变化的影响正在逐渐增强。

Surface Regional Heat(Cool) Island Effect and Its Diurnal Differences in Arid and Semiarid Resource-based Urban Agglomerations

With the rapid development of urban agglomerations in northwest arid and semiarid regions of China, the scope of the urban heat island(UHI) effect has gradually expanded and gradually connected, and has formed a regional heat island(RHI) with a larger range of impact to the regional environment. However, there are few studies on the heat island effect of urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions, so this paper selects the urban agglomeration of Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos(HBO) of Inner Mongolia, China as the study area. Based on the 8-day composite Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) surface temperature data(156scenes in all) and land use maps for 2005, 2010, and 2015, we analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of regional heat(cool) islands(RH(C)I) and the responses of surface temperatures to land-use changes in the diurnal and interannual surface cities. The results showed that: 1) from 2005 to 2015, urban areas showed the cold island effect during the day, with the area of the cold island showing a shrinking feature;at night, they showed the heat island effect, with the area of the heat island showing a first decrease and then an increase.2) From 2005 to 2015, the land development(unutilized land to building land) brings the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 1.36°C)during the day, while the greatest temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of cultivated land to building land(ΔT =0.78°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. From 2010 to 2015, the land development(grassland to building land) bring the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 0.85°C) during the day, while the great temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of water areas to building land(ΔT = 1.38°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. Exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of surface urban heat(cool) islands in urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions will help to understand the urbanization characteristics of urban agglomerations and provide a reference for the formulation of policies for the coordinated and healthy development of the region and co-governance of regional environmental problems.

Public Perception on the Role of Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Land Use Management in Rapidly Urbanized Countries:The Case of Hawassa City,Ethiopia

Urban green areas are essential elements of cities and contribute to the quality of life in numerous ways by maintaining and regulating the environment.However,increased urbanization and development have placed urban green areas under extreme pressure,while unplanned urban growth has resulted in the loss of urban landscape and ecosystem.This study’s objective was the public perception on the role of urban green infrastructure and land use management.The 385 sample households were selected by using random sampling method.Descriptive and econometric analyses were used for analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data by using SPSS version 25.Among the major factors influencing the urban green infrastructure by respondents perception were education,income,family size,sex of respondent,marital status,type of employment,ownership of house,participation on public involvement,and frequency of visit to nearer planning which are significant variables in the model.Individuals visited the given green structure at least twice a week,and those not done it were 47.9% and 52.1%.The amount of individuals who visited it twice a week in positive perceivers was 64%,and the amount of those who have not done it was 36%.The Chi-square value of 10.9 was very big and telling us that the frequency of visit was determinant factor of perception.It is vital to keep in mind that while the built-up area and the agricultural areas are rising due to urbanization,the core-ecosystem land is being“eaten”as a result of the past and present land uses inside the administrative limits,as well as the services they provide.In the last 6 years,the rate at which the most precious ecosystems are disappearing has tripled.The population,which reflects the demand for these services and benefits,is still growing,putting more strain on the environment.The recommendations include:Public involvement in urban green space planning and development was determinant and core variable of the study.The government of the town administration should prepare the meeting.The result showed a high correlation between urban green planning and land use changes.

2015~2020年济南市城区大气污染特征分析

大气是人类生存环境的重要组成部分,直接影响着人们的生活水平和社会发展。近些年随着经济迅猛发展,大气环境污染也变得尤为严重。对2015~2020年济南市城区的空气质量指数AQI值及PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)这四种大气污染物的浓度进行了分析,研究结果表明:从年际变化看,2015~2020年济南市城区空气质量指数AQI呈现逐年降低的趋势;SO_(2)和NO_(2)这两种污染物质量浓度年际变化不大,相对较稳定;PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度在2015~2018年呈下降趋势,2019年略有上升。从季节变化看,由于气象条件和燃煤情况对污染物浓度的影响具有季节性差异,所以季节变化具有冬季最高、春季与秋季次之、夏季最低的规律特征,而且早春的空气污染情况更加明显。2015~2018年PM_(10)的浓度值远超限值,而且在所有污染物中所占比重最大,因此PM_(10)是济南市城区最主要的大气污染物。

集约化农区耕地资源资产价值核算及其时空变化——以江西省九江市湖口县为例

采用收益还原法、生态因子当量法,以长江中下游平原的江西省九江市湖口县为例,综合利用湖口县统计数据、土地利用数据,测算了其在2010年、2020年湖口县耕地资源资产价值的时空变化。结果表明,2010—2020年湖口县耕地资源经济价值呈减少趋势,减少了61.73%;距离县城较近的双钟镇耕地资源经济价值减少较多,而距离县城相对较远的乡镇(场)耕地资源经济价值减少较少。2010—2020年湖口县耕地资源社会价值呈明显上升趋势,增长率为252.64%;其中,2010—2020年湖口县耕地资源社会稳定价值呈减少趋势,而耕地资源社会保障价值呈增加趋势。2010—2020年耕地资源生态价值整体呈增加趋势,但变化较小。2010—2020年土壤保持价值是湖口县耕地资源生态价值的主要部分,其次为废物处理和维持生物多样性;除双钟镇、南北港水产场和马影镇的耕地资源生态价值呈下降趋势外,其他各乡镇(场)的耕地资源生态价值均呈上升趋势。2010年耕地资源资产价值为54.18亿元,2020年达119.98亿元,增长率为121.45%。耕地资源社会价值明显增长是导致耕地资源资产价值增长的主要原因。

北京市怀柔区森林资源现状评价与经营建议

森林资源是地球上最重要的资源之一,是生物多样化的基础,反映森林资源数量的主要指标是森林面积和森林蓄积量。根据北京市怀柔区第八次、第九次园林绿化资源普查数据,分析两期调查森林面积、蓄积的动态变化,从森林管理水平、龄组结构、生态空间等方面提出合理化建议。

九江市建成区时空变化及驱动因子分析

随着城市用地的快速增长,城乡发展不平衡、生态环境污染,土地承载力下降等问题日益显现,分析城市建成区边界时空变化及驱动因子对国土空间规划和城市的可持续发展具有重要意义。以九江市为研究区,选取2000-2020年五期建成区数据,利用GIS空间分析,结合扩张速度、强度、紧凑度、分形维数指数等指标对建成区时空变化及驱动力机制进行分析,以探索城市建成区时空演化特征和规律。结果表明:①九江市建成区空间形态一直处于扩张模式;②在研究时间段内,九江市建成区重心总体呈现出西偏南转移的趋势,城市建设不断向外扩张,且建成区边界不规则,形态不稳定;③城市建成区边界扩张驱动力因素主要包括自然、人口、经济、交通、政策,而其中政策具有关键的强制性作用。

生态脆弱区多年气候变化特征分析--以陕西榆林市为例

基于1974—2004年榆林市气温、降水等气象数据，对近30年来区域气候的年际、季节及各年代的气候变化进行了定量分析。结果表明：榆林市在20世纪70年代属偏冷湿时期，80年代为逐渐转暖的偏暖干时期，90年代为异常暖干时期，21世纪前四年气候较为暖湿。揭示区域气候变化，可以为榆林能源重化工基地产业发展的优化与调控、榆林市农业的可持续发展，以及生态环境脆弱地区能源与矿产资源开发对区域生态环境的影响研究提供重要的基础理论依据。