This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technol...This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technological advances since the 19th century. From 1900 to 2010, temperatures in the Midwest rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which would also lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Precipitation is also expected to increase due to increased storm activity and changes in regional weather patterns. This paper explores the impact of these changes on urban and agricultural areas. In urban areas such as the city of Chicago, runoff from the increasing impervious surface areas poses challenges to the drainage system, and agriculture areas are challenged by soil erosion, nutrient loss, and fewer planting days due to excessive rainfall. Sustainable solutions such as no-till agriculture and the creation of grassland zones are discussed. Using historical data, recent climate studies and projections, the paper Outlines ways to enhance the Midwest’s ecology and resilience to climate change.展开更多
China has experienced a rapid urbanization since late 1970s. The great increase of urban population has resulted in various environmental changes, of which urban water shortage and water environment problems have oc-c...China has experienced a rapid urbanization since late 1970s. The great increase of urban population has resulted in various environmental changes, of which urban water shortage and water environment problems have oc-curred in most cities, especially in the rapidly developing urban agglomerations in the eastern coastal region. This research, taking Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration (SPUA) as a case study area, analyzes the urbanization expansion in the last decades, discusses the water shortage and water environment changes following the rapid eco-nomic development and urbanization such as groundwater sinking in the urban and plain area, sea water and salt-water intrusion in the coastal cities, water pollution overspreading and water ecosystem degradation, and puts for-wards some strategies for sustainability in populous regions with severe water shortage. Some countermeasures for sustainable development of SPUA are put forward, such as constructing modern water resources inter-city networks to regulate water resource between cities, adjusting urbanization policy and urban scale planning to promote the de-velopment of small towns and medium sized cities, optimizing urban industry structure by restricting high water con-sumption enterprises and stimulating the growth of tertiary industry, improving water use eff iciency to reduce fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge, introducing economic means to water pricing and water management system, and restoring ecological conditions to strengthen the natural water-making capacity.展开更多
采用LICOR-6400便携式光合作用仪连接6400-09土壤叶室,对山西大学校园内的三种绿地（黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨）的土壤呼吸进行了一年的测定。结果表明：土壤呼吸速率具有较明显的季节变化,冬春季较低,盛夏秋初较高,最大值出现在8月...采用LICOR-6400便携式光合作用仪连接6400-09土壤叶室,对山西大学校园内的三种绿地（黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨）的土壤呼吸进行了一年的测定。结果表明：土壤呼吸速率具有较明显的季节变化,冬春季较低,盛夏秋初较高,最大值出现在8月,最低值出现在12月。土壤呼吸速率与0-10 cm深度的土壤温度关系显著,黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨土壤温度变化分别解释土壤呼吸季节变化的57.3%、65.4%、46.6%（线性函数）和60.6%、71.3%、50.7%（指数函数）;黑麦草地土壤呼吸与土壤水分的关系均为极显著（p〈0.01）;用土壤温度和土壤水分的复合方程可以解释土壤呼吸变化的52%-84%。黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨的年土壤呼吸总量分别为1.246 kg C.m^-2、1.822 kg C.m^-2、1.806 kg C.m^-2。展开更多
文摘This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technological advances since the 19th century. From 1900 to 2010, temperatures in the Midwest rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which would also lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Precipitation is also expected to increase due to increased storm activity and changes in regional weather patterns. This paper explores the impact of these changes on urban and agricultural areas. In urban areas such as the city of Chicago, runoff from the increasing impervious surface areas poses challenges to the drainage system, and agriculture areas are challenged by soil erosion, nutrient loss, and fewer planting days due to excessive rainfall. Sustainable solutions such as no-till agriculture and the creation of grassland zones are discussed. Using historical data, recent climate studies and projections, the paper Outlines ways to enhance the Midwest’s ecology and resilience to climate change.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China（Grant No.06BJL036）Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province （Grant No.Y2006E05）.
文摘China has experienced a rapid urbanization since late 1970s. The great increase of urban population has resulted in various environmental changes, of which urban water shortage and water environment problems have oc-curred in most cities, especially in the rapidly developing urban agglomerations in the eastern coastal region. This research, taking Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration (SPUA) as a case study area, analyzes the urbanization expansion in the last decades, discusses the water shortage and water environment changes following the rapid eco-nomic development and urbanization such as groundwater sinking in the urban and plain area, sea water and salt-water intrusion in the coastal cities, water pollution overspreading and water ecosystem degradation, and puts for-wards some strategies for sustainability in populous regions with severe water shortage. Some countermeasures for sustainable development of SPUA are put forward, such as constructing modern water resources inter-city networks to regulate water resource between cities, adjusting urbanization policy and urban scale planning to promote the de-velopment of small towns and medium sized cities, optimizing urban industry structure by restricting high water con-sumption enterprises and stimulating the growth of tertiary industry, improving water use eff iciency to reduce fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge, introducing economic means to water pricing and water management system, and restoring ecological conditions to strengthen the natural water-making capacity.
文摘采用LICOR-6400便携式光合作用仪连接6400-09土壤叶室,对山西大学校园内的三种绿地（黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨）的土壤呼吸进行了一年的测定。结果表明：土壤呼吸速率具有较明显的季节变化,冬春季较低,盛夏秋初较高,最大值出现在8月,最低值出现在12月。土壤呼吸速率与0-10 cm深度的土壤温度关系显著,黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨土壤温度变化分别解释土壤呼吸季节变化的57.3%、65.4%、46.6%（线性函数）和60.6%、71.3%、50.7%（指数函数）;黑麦草地土壤呼吸与土壤水分的关系均为极显著（p〈0.01）;用土壤温度和土壤水分的复合方程可以解释土壤呼吸变化的52%-84%。黑麦草、紫叶小檗和日本黄杨的年土壤呼吸总量分别为1.246 kg C.m^-2、1.822 kg C.m^-2、1.806 kg C.m^-2。
