Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Bending Stiffness of Truss-Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

This paper is concerned with a special steel-concrete composite beam in which the resisting system is a truss structure whose bottom chord is made of a steel plate supporting the precast floor system. This system works in two distinct phases with two different resisting mechanisms: during the construction phase, the truss structure bears the precast floor system and the resisting system is that of a simply supported steel truss;once the concrete has hardened, the truss structure becomes the reinforcing element of a steel-concrete composite beam, where it is also in a pre-stressed condition due to the loads carried before the hardening of concrete. Within this framework, the effects of the diagonal bars on the bending stiffness of this composite beam are investigated. First, a closed-form solution for the evaluation of the equivalent bending stiffness is derived. Subsequently, the influence of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of shear reinforcement is studied. Finally, results obtained from parametric and numerical analyses are discussed.

Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

Estimation of the Temperature in the Weld Penetration Channel in Electron Beam Welding

In this paper, the method of experimental estimation of the temperature in a penetration channel in electron beam welding is described on the basis of chemical elements concentration in the vapors above welding zone. The temperature of a vapor-gas phase in the penetration channel is determined when equating calculated and experimental concentrations of the elements.

背对式槽钢组合梁均布荷载下的弯曲应力研究

研究了均布荷载作用下的冷弯薄壁背对式组合梁的弯曲应力分布,基于梁的经典弯曲理论和约束扭转理论,在考虑翘曲作用的影响下推导了构件在均布荷载作用下的弯曲应力理论公式。并通过有限元软件ABAQUS分析算例,将算例的仿真值和理论解析值进行对比,验证了该理论公式的合理性。结果表明,弯曲应力在横截面上呈现线性梯度分布,以构件OT1.2-86-S75为例,当旋转约束k_(φ)取值分别为10、100、1000 N时,翼缘处的应力梯度分别为3.225、2.465、1.732 MPa/mm,即翼缘处的应力梯度随着旋转约束的减小而增大;沿纵向在相邻螺钉之间呈现连续抛物线式分布;若螺钉间距相等,弯曲应力最大值出现在跨中,弯曲应力极大值随着与支座距离减小逐渐递减。

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete(NC)composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam(CCB)bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports.This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC)layer.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region,field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge.The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics(cracking resistance,economy,durability,and constructability).In the field investigation,strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck,rebar,and steel beam in the negative bending moment region,as well as mid-span deflection,were measured under different load cases.Also,a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results.The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results.This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.

复合土钉墙支护技术在软土地区深基坑支护施工中的应用研究

在软土地区深基坑支护施工过程中,由于地质自身的抗剪强度较低,导致基坑的变形情况较为明显,为此,提出复合土钉墙支护技术在软土地区深基坑支护施工中的应用研究。考虑到在开挖过程中,边坡的变形和位移发展速度较快,通过土钉+预应力锚杆来增加边坡的整体稳定性及变形,土钉和锚杆按照错位排布的方式布置。对坡面布置钢筋网片,并进行C30混凝土喷射处理,使基坑表面形成厚度在100 mm~200 mm的混凝土层。土钉和锚杆通过槽钢腰梁与坡面结构连接,形成一个整体。在测试结果中,基坑在水平方向上的最大位移仅为20.08 mm,竖直方向上基坑的最大位移也仅为11.42 mm,均明显低于对照组。

冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁受弯承载力数值模拟分析

冷弯薄壁型钢常被应用于轻钢结构建筑中,本身具备良好的受力性能、承载能力、轻质高强、便于施工安装,但国内对于冷弯薄壁卷边型钢以及混凝土的组合结构研究较少。为了研究冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁结构的受弯性能,通过有限元软件建立三维模型进行数值分析研究。通过对比同截面高度、用钢量情况下以及与工字形钢-混凝土组合梁结构构件的受力性能之间的差异,分析冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁的受力变形机理。研究结果表明:卷边型钢对于混凝土的约束作用能够较大程度提升组合梁的受弯承载能力;同截面高度的情况下,冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁比工字形钢-混凝土组合梁的受弯承载能力高;同用钢量情况下,有构造措施的腹板开槽冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁的受弯承载能力远高于实腹的冷弯薄壁卷边型钢-混凝土组合梁;FL梁比同截面高度的PEC梁承载能力低12.7%,但前者比后者用钢量少了29.8%。

斜弯组合梁桥槽型钢梁施工稳定性研究

建造弯斜桥,不但能使整个线路线形美观流畅,而且可以缩短桥长,节省建设用地、投资和材料,提高经济效益,因此斜弯梁结构已广泛应用到城市道路、立交枢纽和高等级公路中。以绍兴某智慧快速路工程为例,通过对主跨箱型叠合梁在施工过程中的工作性能研究,提出槽型开口钢箱在架设过程中的防扭措施。

槽形钢-混凝土组合梁及其应用前景初探

提出一种适用于轨道桥梁的新型槽形(U形)钢-混凝土组合下承式桥梁,它是指在槽形截面的钢梁内侧浇筑混凝土,钢板与混凝土通过抗剪连接件组合成整体共同工作。这种结构形式不仅继承了传统混凝土槽形梁结构的特点,而且具有许多自身的优点,钢板可以代替模板,故无需模板或使用较少模板进行施工;结构受拉区外包钢板,既避免了混凝土裂缝暴露,又具有较好的防撞功能,结构的耐久性好。下层钢板在横向和纵向均可以充分发挥抗拉强度,大大简化了构造,减少钢筋绑扎、焊接以及横向预应力张拉的困难。对这种槽形组合梁截面形式的比选进行了初步有限元分析。结果表明,截面各参数对结构受力性能的影响程度不同,其中混凝土底部纵向肋宽度、混凝土翼缘厚度及腹板高度等是较敏感因素;温度和混凝土收缩徐变对结构受力性能的影响也较大。在竖向荷载的作用下钢梁底板和混凝土底板的中面纵向应力沿板宽的分布均表现出一定的剪力滞后现象。还指出关于这种新型组合梁今后值得进一步研究的问题。

简支槽形钢-混凝土组合梁的试验研究

槽形钢-混凝土组合梁是近年来提出的一种新型下承式桥梁结构。对截面尺寸几何比例为1∶3、构件长度比例为1∶4的简支单线槽形组合梁模型进行两点对称加载的静力试验。对槽形组合梁的抗弯承载力、刚度、应力和裂缝分布特征等基本受力性能开展研究。试验结果表明,通过栓钉连接,试验模型中钢板与混凝土的协同工作性能良好,最终破坏时,表现出较明显的弯曲破坏形态。梁上翼缘的侧向水平位移整体形态为支座处外张,中部内收,但其最大值远小于梁跨中的竖向挠度,表明该模型截面具有良好的抗扭性能。钢梁底板纵向应力沿板宽的分布表现出一定的剪力滞现象,混凝土底板的剪力滞效应不及前者明显。采用截面分析法对模型梁的承载力和变形进行计算分析,其结果与试验结果吻合良好。此外,通过抗弯承载力分析表明,槽形钢-混凝土组合梁的极限抗弯承载力不能套用全截面应力的矩形图分布模式进行计算,应考虑适当折减。

冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁极限承载力计算的有效宽度法

为了研究冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁的受弯性能,对三种截面形式共计9根卷边槽钢组合工字梁进行破坏性试验研究,建立有限元分析方法对试件进行模拟分析,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元方法的正确性。接着采用有限元方法对冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁进行大量参数分析,钢种和受压翼缘宽厚比对受压翼缘有效宽厚比的影响较大,梁的长度、腹板高厚比与板件厚度对梁受压翼缘有效宽厚比的影响小。最后在对典型截面梁构件进行参数分析的基础上,得出卷边槽钢组合工字梁受压翼缘板件的有效宽厚比计算表格与计算公式,提出计算冷弯薄壁型钢梁极限承载力的有效宽度法,并通过试验验证了有效宽度法计算梁极限承载力的正确性和适用性。

无边缘构件钢管束剪力墙的墙梁节点抗震性能试验研究

基于钢管束组合结构剪力墙无边缘构件的构造特点,提出了两种墙梁节点构造形式,并进行了四组足尺模型滞回试验,其中一组为肋板型墙梁刚接节点,三组为端板型墙梁刚接节点。研究节点类型、端板厚度等对节点破坏形态和抗震性能的影响。分析研究了节点的破坏特征、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性以及耗能能力等抗震性能指标。研究结果表明：两种类型的节点具有良好的承载能力和延性,其中延性系数μ≈1.29-3.39,滞回曲线呈现饱满稳定的梭型,刚度退化缓慢,耗能能力良好,能量耗散系数E≈1.673 5-2.597 2。节点可以满足美国规范AISC341-10和中国规范GB 50011抗震设计要求,可以在钢管束组合结构剪力墙的实际工程中应用和推广。

2D-C/SiC槽型梁承载性能试验研究

陶瓷基复合材料典型结构件的承载性能研究不足。针对2D-C/SiC槽型梁开展弯扭组合加载下的损伤-破坏特性试验研究,通过变形监测和裂纹观测,分析了槽型梁试件的承载性能、损伤过程及其失效机理。结果表明,复杂加载下,分层和屈曲是2D-C/SiC槽型梁的主要损伤形式,其破坏过程非常复杂,应变响应通常发生波动和突变,力学性能严重劣化,极限承载能力较低。与完好试件相比,翼缘开孔试件的损伤-断裂机理发生改变,分层起始载荷与局部屈曲载荷明显降低。

三铰拱屋架单轨吊梁体系事故分析及改造

铜绿山矿某三铰拱屋架单轨吊梁结构体系,因技术改造增加设备简体重量,随意用滑轮组起吊检修,导致拱架上弦全截面贯通式开裂的结构事故。通过分析研究,采用不撤除屋架、工字钢梁,而分别加固屋架、单轨吊梁的加固改造措施。该措施改变传力受力体系,由新设置柱顶的组合钢梁承担单轨吊梁传来的荷载,满足生产工艺和使用安全的要求。重点介绍了加固改造方案设计及施工工艺。

港珠澳大桥九洲航道桥组合梁钢主梁制作关键技术

介绍了九洲航道桥钢主梁的结构形式和结构特点,分析了钢主梁大节段分幅匹配制作的重点及难点,针对钢主梁大节段底板单元整体组装焊接、锚箱单元安装、大节段预拼装等关键技术进行了分析研究,解决了钢主梁大节段分幅匹配制作精度控制、锚箱单元安装等难题,有效保证了钢主梁的制造质量。

88m钢-混凝土组合简支桁梁设计及施工

赣韶铁路疏解线跨京广铁路处受线路高程及桥下铁路净空限制,需采用建筑高度低的桥式结构,同时为减少后期维修保养对桥下铁路运营的干扰,桥面系不允许采用钢结构。综合考虑以上限制因素,设计采用一孔88 m钢-混凝土组合简支桁梁跨越既有铁路,桥面系采用混凝土槽形梁,此梁型具有造型美观、自重轻、跨越能力强、建筑高度低的优点,在立交条件困难时不失为一种较好的选择。文章重点介绍了桁式、桁宽、桁高、节间距及预应力槽形梁截面形式,通过有限元软件对杆件、系梁、行车道板及钢-混节点进行了系统分析,验证了设计的合理性;同时对钢-混凝土组合简支桁梁的施工进行了介绍,施工采用在既有铁路一侧浇筑混凝土槽形梁并拼装钢桁腹杆和上弦杆,然后整体侧位横移至设计位置并高位落梁,通过合理设置支墩及保护墩,保证了高位落梁的安全。

钢混结合梁梁板起顶结合技术

武汉二七长江大桥非通航孔采用6×90 m钢混结合梁,开口钢槽梁与预制桥面板通过剪力钉结合。在梁板结合施工中,采用了起顶、结合、落梁的施工工艺,使桥面板结合后储备一定的压应力,降低了二期恒载及其他荷载在墩顶区产生的顶板拉应力,充分利用钢材抗拉和混凝土抗压性能,减少顶板开裂,提高结构的耐久性和安全性。

城市高架简支预制槽形钢混组合梁荷载横向分布研究

以城市高架简支预制槽形钢混组合梁桥为研究对象,选取了桥面板与钢梁之间的滑移效应、跨间横梁的个数、桥面板板厚、桥梁宽度和跨径、以及主梁刚度等参数,应用有限元方法,全面分析了各因素对该桥型荷载最不利横向分布系数的影响。研究表明:组合梁的界面滑移效应对荷载最不利横向分布系数影响在5%以内;保证跨径一定,组合梁跨间横梁的个数对宽桥荷载最不利横向分布系数的影响在8%以内,对窄桥则更小;桥面板板厚的增加会使荷载横向分布更均匀,宽跨比越大的桥,板厚对最不利横向分布系数的影响越大;保证桥宽不变,随着跨径的增大,荷载最不利横向分布系数逐渐减小,主梁数相同时,随着宽跨比的增大,最不利横向分布系数逐渐增大。梁高的增加会使最不利横向分布系数更大,但最大增幅保持在5%以内。在今后的标准化设计中,可取某几种最不利参数将其余参数进行包络,从而节约设计成本、提高设计效率。