Progress in the evaluation tool of Character Strengths and its application in nursing staff

Character Strengths is a group of positive personality traits reflected through cognition,behavior,and emotion,which play a positive role in improving happiness,alleviating negative emotions,and maintaining physical and mental health.This article reviews the concept,content,methods,evaluation tools,and application progress of Character Strengths in nurses,so as to provide a reference for clinical managers and improve the quality of life,mental health,and professional satisfaction of n urses.

Associations between Mental Health Outcomes and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Character Strengths among University Students in Southern China

Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)can negatively affect mental health,whereas character strengths seem to be positively correlated with mental health.Detailed information on the history of ACEs among university students in China and the extent which mental health is associated with ACEs and character strengths can contribute to the needed empirical evidence for relevant stakeholders.Objectives of this study are 1)to estimate the prevalence of ACEs among undergraduate students in Southern China;and 2)to assess the extent which mental health outcomes(positive growth,well-being,and depression)are associated with ACEs and character strengths among undergraduate students in Southern China.We conducted a self-administered survey amongfirst and second-year students at a university in Southern China and analyzed data using descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses.Among the 779 students who completed the questionnaire,283 were males,439 were females,and 57 did not indicate their gender.The prevalence of ACEs among the participants was 32.1%.History of ACEs was associated with lower positive growth score(Adjusted Beta=-0.20;95%CI=-0.37,-0.02;p=0.030)and lower well-being score(Adjusted Beta=-1.13;95%CI=-2.04,-0.23;p=0.014).Vitality domain of character strength was associated with all three mental health outcomes after adjusting for covariables(all p-values<0.001).Our studyfindings provide empirical evidence for stakeholders in university mental health.However,caveats regarding lack of temporality,selection bias,social desirability bias,and lack of generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the studyfindings.

The mediating role of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in Chinese high school students

The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in high school students. Totally 508 China high school students completed questionnaires measuring character strengths, strengths use and mental health for middle school students＇ inventory. The correlations between character strength, strengths use and mental health were all significantly positive, 0.41 -0.65, P 〈 0.01. Character strengths significantly positively predicted mental health, and standard regression coefficient was 0.65, P 〈 0.01. Strengths use mediated partially the relationship between character strengths and mental health in high school students and the value of mediating effect was 11.3%. Strengths use played a moderated mediating role in the relationship between character strengths and mental health.

Determinants of Positive Mental Health in Adolescents–A Cross-Sectional Study on Relationships between Positive Mental Health, Self-Esteem, Character Strengths and Social Inclusion

Adolescence is a crucial time period with especial vulnerability for development of mental health problems.Growing interest is focusing on the determinants of positive mental health in order to find the key concepts that could be influenced in the promotion of mental well-being of adolescents.In this study we aim to explore the relations between self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion as determinants of adolescents’positive mental health controlled for selected sociodemographic background factors.The study population(n=195)consisted of comprehensive school students who filled in an electronic questionnaire of adolescent’s mental well-being in Fall 2019.The questionnaire included measures of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale(WEMWBS),VIA Youth-measure 96,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Experience of Social Inclusion Scale.The methods included group comparisons and General Linear Model computed by SPSS 24.0.The strongest association was found between positive mental health and self-esteem(β=0.789,p<0.001),followed by character strengths of hope and kindness and experience of social inclusion.Interestingly,family’s socioeconomic factors did not associate significantly with positive mental health in the final statistical model.In terms of our results,it seems that self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion might have stronger association with adolescents’mental well-being than family’s socioeconomic determinants.Therefore,it should be discussed whether psychological determinants overcome the individual effect of poor socioeconomic status as factors that influence positive mental health.Further studies are needed to establish these results more firmly.

Resistance of Cement Paste and Its Relationship to Strength under the Corrosive Action of Ambient Media

In this study, we measured the resistances (test frequency 837.8 Hz) of the paste of Portland cement (PC) and phosphoaluminate cement (PALC) subjected to different types of corrosion and different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. This study aimed to improve understanding of the changing characteristics of paste resistance from both micro and macro perspectives by associating changes in the paste microstructure with changes in the paste mechanical strength using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other methods. Our results showed that changes in the paste resistance under the corrosive action of ambient media could signal the deterioration of paste structure and loss of paste strength. Continuous hydration reactions within the paste were found to render it more dense and increase its resistance. Invasion of corrosive ions was found to continue to increase paste resistance if the structure of the cement paste was not destroyed. Otherwise, paste resistance would decrease. Corrosive media were found to cause the dispersion of hydrated gels with certain degree of polymerization. Because spatial resistance was found to cause difficulty in the transportation of ion clusters, the decreases in resistance caused by long-term corrosion might be reduced due to a compensation effect. This effect was found to be related to the severity of structural damage to the paste. The magnitudes of corrosive effects of chemical media on the radicals in the cement paste structure were found to occur in the following order: SiO4 > AlO4 > PO4. The resistance and strength of the PC was always lower than those of PALC. In addition, losses of resistance and strength by PALC were mainly due to deterioration of the radical structure of AlO6.

Characterization of the copper-containing amine oxidase from Trifolium pratense seedlings

We studied the kinetic characterizations of the Trifolium pratense seedlings copper-containing amine oxidase(TPAO) by using various amine-containing substrates.The catalyzing rate for all of amine-containing substrates can be ordered as diamines > polyamines > aromatic monoamines,and it shows an apparent trend in each category of substrates such as the longer the carbon chain,the lower the V_(max) is,so does the V_(max)/K_m values but is opposite for the K_m value of TPAO.The distinct differences between the kinetic parameters for different amine-containing substrates indicated that the rate-determining step of the catalytic reaction strongly depends on the substrate's chemical structure.It is concluded that both pH and ionic strength can affect the catalytic activity of TPAO via influencing the coulomb interaction-mediated enzyme-substrate docking processes,which can be attributed to the potential of charged groups from both substrates and the activity sites of TPAO by the regulation of ionic strength.

Interfacial characterization of resistance spot welded joint of steel and aluminum alloy

The dissimilar material resistance spot welding of galvanized high strength steel and aluminum alloy had been conducted. The welded joint exhibited a thin reaction layer composed of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 phases at steel/aluminum interface. The welded joint presented a tensile shear load of 3.3 kN with an aluminum alloy nugget diameter of 5.7 mm. The interfacial failure mode was observed for the tensile shear specimen and fracture occurred at reaction layer and aluminum alloy fusion zone beside the interface. The reaction layer with compounds was the main reason for reduction of the welded joint mechanical property.

东北地区白浆土耕层地力特点分析与改良技术

自20世纪70年代我国陆续开展白浆土改良科研与技术实践工作以来,历经50多年的努力,白浆土改良已经初见成效,东北地区的白浆土改良作为黑土地资源保护的重要工作之一,对于恢复耕地地力、提升农业产量意义重大。该文重点论述了东北地区白浆土分布情况、耕地土层结构及理化特征以及对农业生产产生的不利影响,并提出了白浆土改良专项技术策略。

尿素-乙二醛树脂改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂的制备及性能研究

以尿素-乙二醛(UG)树脂和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为主要原料制备大豆蛋白胶(SUG),并对其固体含量、黏度、表面张力系数、接触角及胶合性能进行测试;利用XPS、FT-IR和^(13)C NMR对合成的SUG的结构进行表征;采用DSC及DMA对SUG的固化性能进行测定。研究结果表明:改性后大豆蛋白胶的固体含量、黏度、表面张力系数及接触角随着SPI添加量的增加而增大,其中黏度的变化最显著;合成大豆蛋白胶中主要含有C—C、C—O—C、C=O、C=N、C=O等官能团;结合^(13)C NMR及FT-IR分析结果,可以得出UG树脂与SPI二者之间产生了交联;当SPI用量为30 g,UG树脂用量为50 g时,制备的大豆蛋白基胶黏剂性能较佳且固化后储能模量较大,为4082 MPa,在160和180℃热压温度下制备的胶合板冷水24 h湿强度分别为1.23和1.48 MPa,热水3 h湿强度分别为1.05和1.22 MPa,远大于国家标准GB/T 9846—2015对II类胶合板的要求,且具备一定的耐沸水性能。

基于响应面法的纸浆模塑制品浆内助剂优化及其性能表征

以秸秆纤维为原料,通过浆内添加各类助剂,制备具有一定强度的纸浆模塑试样。采用响应面法优化了助剂添加比例。实验结果表明,结合抗张强度变化,综合分析可以得到最佳工艺参数为CPAM 0.10%、CS 1.35%、CMC 0.74%、PVA1.78%、AKD 0.15%,抗张强度可达36.18N/mm,利用SEM、FT-IR和TGA对试样进行表征,从微观形态、分子结构及其热重特性多方面进一步揭示了助剂添加后纸模制品强度提升的机理。

脱水蓖麻油/马来酸酐加合物的制备工艺优化及其在压敏胶中的应用

以脱水蓖麻油和马来酸酐为原料,酸价为评价指标,通过研究马来酸酐与脱水蓖麻油底物比(物质的量之比)、反应温度、反应时间因素对狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alder)反应加合程度的影响,优化脱水蓖麻油/马来酸酐加合物的最佳制备工艺。研究结果表明:(1)底物比、反应温度和反应时间均对脱水蓖麻油/马来酸酐加合物的加合程度有显著影响,且影响因素排列次序为:反应温度>底物比>反应时间。较佳制备工艺为:底物比为12∶10,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为3.0 h。此时,加合物的性能较佳,加合物的酸价可达60.9 mg KOH/g。(2)脱水蓖麻油和马来酸酐有效地发生了DA反应,且以一分子脱水蓖麻油和一分子马来酸酐反应形成的加合物为主。(3)脱水蓖麻油/马来酸酐加合物的流动性和热稳定性较好,马来酸酐的引入提高了其玻璃化转变温度。(4)马来酸酐的引入赋予脱水蓖麻油较多的极性官能团,因此在与环氧大豆油共聚时,强化了压敏胶的剥离强度和初粘力。与环氧大豆油基压敏胶相比,脱水蓖麻油/马来酸酐加合物与环氧大豆油共聚制备的压敏胶的剥离强度提高了约2倍,初粘力提高了约10倍。

铁尾矿-金尾砂-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备与表征

尾矿长期堆存会造成土地资源的严重浪费,还可能会污染土壤及地下水。我国高度重视固体废弃物的处理处置问题,出台了一系列政策法规,鼓励和指导企业持续提升资源综合利用水平。本文利用铁尾矿、金尾砂和粉煤灰作为原料,制备了一种三元固废基地质聚合物。通过探索试验及条件试验,得到了最佳制备条件:铁尾矿与金尾砂的质量比为1∶1,粉煤灰掺量为40%,水玻璃模数为1.3,碱激发剂掺量为9%,水灰比为0.15,养护温度为80℃,在此条件下制备的地质聚合物3 d抗压强度达33.5 MPa。通过对养护初期地质聚合物试块进行XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDS表征分析,发现原料与碱激发剂反应生成了大量凝胶类物质及沸石晶体。新生成物质与未完全反应原料共同组成了N-A-S-H体系,形成了致密结构,为地质聚合物提供了早期强度。该研究实现了铝硅酸盐类二次资源的再利用,为高硅铝尾矿、尾砂的绿色高效处理提供了新思路。

外墙保温层不同板材剪切粘接强度测试研究

为了保证建筑中设置的外墙保温层具有良好的保温效果,需要在外墙保温施工与应用之前,研究保温层的剪切粘接强度。设计一种建筑外墙保温层剪切粘接强度分析试验,准备试验原料和设备,制备岩棉板、聚氨酯板、挤塑板、聚苯板4种类型的保温层试件。按照设定的剪切力加载方案模拟外墙保温层的脱落过程,通过保温层表征的观测,得出数据,计算设置剪切粘接强度指标的具体取值。结果表明,岩棉板的剪切粘接强度更高、聚苯板的剪切粘接强度最差,而对于相同材质的外墙保温层而言,尺寸越大对应保温层的剪切粘接强度越大。

复合材料壳体结构损伤演化多尺度表征与强度智能预测进展

随着计算机算力的发展和数值模拟技术的日趋成熟,以跨宏细观参数传递为主的复合材料多尺度表征计算应运而生,得到了世界各国学者和研究人员的关注。本文基于纤维缠绕复合材料壳体结构损伤演化研究,详述了在单向纤维增强复合材料宏观工程弹性常数预测、纤维随机分布代表性体积元高效建模、纤维增强复合材料损伤演化多尺度表征与强度预测、机器学习在纤维增强复合材料领域应用方面的进展。最后,对未来发展趋势进行了预测。

某高铝型铁尾矿低碳免烧砖的制备及性能研究

为了解决铁尾矿堆存带来的环境压力,实现资源综合利用,以河北省张家口市某高铝型铁尾矿和水泥为原材料,通过压制成型的方式制备了一种低碳免烧砖。测量了铁尾矿免烧砖的抗压、抗折强度及密度,探究了水泥掺量和铁尾矿颗粒级配对该免烧砖性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段探究了铁尾矿免烧砖的微观机理,结果表明:铁尾矿免烧砖的强度随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,铁尾矿颗粒级配会对铁尾矿免烧砖的强度产生显著影响;通过微观表征手段揭示了水泥掺量影响铁尾矿免烧砖强度的内在机理,即水泥掺量增加,水泥水化产物增多,铁尾矿免烧砖的孔隙被填充,增强了铁尾矿颗粒之间的胶结能力,从而提高了免烧砖强度。本研究成果可为类似铁尾矿资源化利用提供借鉴。

浸水含瓦斯抽采钻孔煤柱稳定性研究及控制

窄煤柱护巷可有效提高煤炭资源采出率,改善采掘接替关系,但施工维护难度大,尤其是在采空区积水且矿井瓦斯含量较高的条件下,煤柱稳定性控制显得更为重要。基于石泉煤矿30108工作面沿空巷道掘进及支护的工程背景,结合钻孔可视化探测技术提出了一种基于MATLAB图像处理的钻孔裂隙定量表征方法。综合浸水煤柱力学模型和数值模拟,确定了合理煤柱宽度,提出了采空区疏水及“锚索网梁+窄煤柱侧索梁补强+窄煤柱侧注浆加固”的巷道高强非对称支护方案,并进行了工业性实践。研究结果表明:钻孔截面中裂隙面积占比随钻孔深度增加呈负对数减小趋势,煤柱宽度为10.00 m时正常区段及含瓦斯抽采钻孔区段的煤柱内部均存在较大范围的弹性区,具备较强的承载能力;相应支护方案控制效果较好,具有显著的经济效益。

天然彩棉纤维的表征及织物性能研究

为了降低染色织物对环境的污染,介绍天然彩棉纤维的长度、线密度、强力等指标,分析其纺高档纱线难度大的原因,并给出改进可纺性的方法;以棕色彩棉纤维为例,测试对比彩棉织物、染色棉织物及白棉织物的顶破性、耐磨性、透气性等。指出:彩棉纤维细短、强力低、短绒含量大,是其可纺性差、纺纱难度大的主因;彩棉织物的顶破强力、耐磨性均高于染色棉织物、差于白棉织物;生物培育技术的发展及先进智能纺织设备的应用,使彩棉织物取代染色棉织物成为可能。

结构性损伤膨胀土三轴加载下的裂隙形态及力学表征

基于Kachanov连续损伤变量及Fredlund非饱和土有效应力理论,提出了结构性损伤膨胀土的强度表征方法。以南水北调中线工程南阳膨胀土为研究对象,利用改进型非饱和土三轴仪对不同损伤程度的三组15个重塑试样进行控制净围压分别为50,100,150 k Pa的三轴压缩试验,定量分析荷载作用下初始孔洞损伤基元及裂隙演化形式对膨胀土力学特性的影响。实验表明:考虑结构性及损伤的非饱和土力学表征能够很好地描述土体的力学行为;孔洞损伤对膨胀土强度没有一致的强化或弱化效果,而裂隙发育形态、演化形式对土体结构及强度起主导作用;围压能够一定程度上抑制裂隙的开展,通过裂隙面咬合产生强度。根据破坏机制将该力学关系表示为裂隙发育及残余强度两个阶段,线性硬化破坏、弹塑性破坏、脆塑性破坏、线性软化破坏四种破坏模式。研究可为揭示膨胀土边坡破坏的力学机制及预测提供新的参考。

温度对地质聚合物胶凝体系激发特性的影响试验研究

为研究不同温度条件对地质聚合物胶凝体系激发反应特性的影响，选取矿渣和粉煤灰作为原材料制备了水胶比为0．31的地聚物胶凝体系，设计了不同温度的碱性反应溶液（10-90℃）和不同的养护温度（10-90℃），以此来分析温度对胶凝体系制备过程中的流变性能的影响和早期（24h）强度的影响。结果表明：矿渣粉煤灰胶凝体系的流变性能和24h抗折、抗压强度与温度密切相关，随温度的升高，其流变性能和24h抗折、抗压强度都是先增大后减小，流变性能的最佳温度在50℃左右，而强度的最佳温度则在60℃左右。

膨胀土损伤变量不同表征方法评价的试验研究

裂隙性是膨胀土的重要结构特征,裂隙损伤对膨胀土的变形、强度和稳定性有重要影响。岩土体损伤演化理论是当前研究的前沿课题,选择合理的损伤变量决定着损伤模型的正确性。为评价几种损伤变量表征方法的合理性,以南水北调中线工程陶岔引水渠坡的膨胀土为试验研究对象,通过控制净围压和吸力分别为100、50 k Pa下的CT-三轴剪切试验,定量研究了分别基于承载面积、CT数的均值ME和方差SD的损伤变量表征方法的合理性。研究发现,损伤面积相同而损伤部位不同的试样偏应力-应变曲线和强度基本一致;损伤面积和SD可以作为损伤变量表征参数,而ME不适合用来表征膨胀土的损伤变量,虽然ME可以很好地用来定义岩石的损伤变量。试验研究结果可以为建立考虑损伤的膨胀土强度理论和本构模型中损伤变量的选择、定义提供科学依据。