Optimised CNN Architectures for Handwritten Arabic Character Recognition

Handwritten character recognition is considered challenging compared with machine-printed characters due to the different human writing styles.Arabic is morphologically rich,and its characters have a high similarity.The Arabic language includes 28 characters.Each character has up to four shapes according to its location in the word(at the beginning,middle,end,and isolated).This paper proposed 12 CNN architectures for recognizing handwritten Arabic characters.The proposed architectures were derived from the popular CNN architectures,such as VGG,ResNet,and Inception,to make them applicable to recognizing character-size images.The experimental results on three well-known datasets showed that the proposed architectures significantly enhanced the recognition rate compared to the baseline models.The experiments showed that data augmentation improved the models’accuracies on all tested datasets.The proposed model outperformed most of the existing approaches.The best achieved results were 93.05%,98.30%,and 96.88%on the HIJJA,AHCD,and AIA9K datasets.

Effect of Co on Solidification Characteristics and Microstructural Transformation of Non-equilibrium Solidified Cu-Ni Alloys

Non-equilibrium solidification structures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys were prepared by the molten glass purification cycle superheating method.The variation of the recalescence phenomenon with the degree of undercooling in the rapid solidification process was investigated using an infrared thermometer.The addition of the Co element affected the evolution of the recalescence phenomenon in Cu-Ni alloys.The images of the solid-liquid interface migration during the rapid solidification of supercooled melts were captured by using a high-speed camera.The solidification rate of Cu-Ni alloys,with the addition of Co elements,was explored.Finally,the grain refinement structure with low supercooling was characterised using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The effect of Co on the microstructural evolution during nonequilibrium solidification of Cu-Ni alloys under conditions of small supercooling is investigated by comparing the microstructures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys.The experimental results show that the addition of a small amount of Co weakens the recalescence behaviour of the Cu55Ni45 alloy and significantly reduces the thermal strain in the rapid solidification phase.In the rapid solidification phase,the thermal strain is greatly reduced,and there is a significant increase in the characteristic undercooling degree.Furthermore,the addition of Co and the reduction of Cu not only result in a lower solidification rate of the alloy,but also contribute to the homogenisation of the grain size.

A Method for Detecting and Recognizing Yi Character Based on Deep Learning

Aiming at the challenges associated with the absence of a labeled dataset for Yi characters and the complexity of Yi character detection and recognition,we present a deep learning-based approach for Yi character detection and recognition.In the detection stage,an improved Differentiable Binarization Network(DBNet)framework is introduced to detect Yi characters,in which the Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODConv)is combined with the ResNet-18 feature extraction module to obtain multi-dimensional complementary features,thereby improving the accuracy of Yi character detection.Then,the feature pyramid network fusion module is used to further extract Yi character image features,improving target recognition at different scales.Further,the previously generated feature map is passed through a head network to produce two maps:a probability map and an adaptive threshold map of the same size as the original map.These maps are then subjected to a differentiable binarization process,resulting in an approximate binarization map.This map helps to identify the boundaries of the text boxes.Finally,the text detection box is generated after the post-processing stage.In the recognition stage,an improved lightweight MobileNetV3 framework is used to recognize the detect character regions,where the original Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE)block is replaced by the efficient Shuffle Attention(SA)that integrates spatial and channel attention,improving the accuracy of Yi characters recognition.Meanwhile,the use of depth separable convolution and reversible residual structure can reduce the number of parameters and computation of the model,so that the model can better understand the contextual information and improve the accuracy of text recognition.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method achieves good results in detecting and recognizing Yi characters,with detection and recognition accuracy rates of 97.5%and 96.8%,respectively.And also,we have compared the detection and recognition algorithms proposed in this paper with other typical algorithms.In these comparisons,the proposed model achieves better detection and recognition results with a certain reliability.

Audio2AB:Audio-driven collaborative generation of virtual character animation

Background Considerable research has been conducted in the areas of audio-driven virtual character gestures and facial animation with some degree of success.However,few methods exist for generating full-body animations,and the portability of virtual character gestures and facial animations has not received sufficient attention.Methods Therefore,we propose a deep-learning-based audio-to-animation-and-blendshape(Audio2AB)network that generates gesture animations and ARK it's 52 facial expression parameter blendshape weights based on audio,audio-corresponding text,emotion labels,and semantic relevance labels to generate parametric data for full-body animations.This parameterization method can be used to drive full-body animations of virtual characters and improve their portability.In the experiment,we first downsampled the gesture and facial data to achieve the same temporal resolution for the input,output,and facial data.The Audio2AB network then encoded the audio,audio-corresponding text,emotion labels,and semantic relevance labels,and then fused the text,emotion labels,and semantic relevance labels into the audio to obtain better audio features.Finally,we established links between the body,gestures,and facial decoders and generated the corresponding animation sequences through our proposed GAN-GF loss function.Results By using audio,audio-corresponding text,and emotional and semantic relevance labels as input,the trained Audio2AB network could generate gesture animation data containing blendshape weights.Therefore,different 3D virtual character animations could be created through parameterization.Conclusions The experimental results showed that the proposed method could generate significant gestures and facial animations.

A Novel 6G Scalable Blockchain Clustering-Based Computer Vision Character Detection for Mobile Images

6G is envisioned as the next generation of wireless communication technology,promising unprecedented data speeds,ultra-low Latency,and ubiquitous Connectivity.In tandem with these advancements,blockchain technology is leveraged to enhance computer vision applications’security,trustworthiness,and transparency.With the widespread use of mobile devices equipped with cameras,the ability to capture and recognize Chinese characters in natural scenes has become increasingly important.Blockchain can facilitate privacy-preserving mechanisms in applications where privacy is paramount,such as facial recognition or personal healthcare monitoring.Users can control their visual data and grant or revoke access as needed.Recognizing Chinese characters from images can provide convenience in various aspects of people’s lives.However,traditional Chinese character text recognition methods often need higher accuracy,leading to recognition failures or incorrect character identification.In contrast,computer vision technologies have significantly improved image recognition accuracy.This paper proposed a Secure end-to-end recognition system(SE2ERS)for Chinese characters in natural scenes based on convolutional neural networks(CNN)using 6G technology.The proposed SE2ERS model uses the Weighted Hyperbolic Curve Cryptograph(WHCC)of the secure data transmission in the 6G network with the blockchain model.The data transmission within the computer vision system,with a 6G gradient directional histogram(GDH),is employed for character estimation.With the deployment of WHCC and GDH in the constructed SE2ERS model,secure communication is achieved for the data transmission with the 6G network.The proposed SE2ERS compares the performance of traditional Chinese text recognition methods and data transmission environment with 6G communication.Experimental results demonstrate that SE2ERS achieves an average recognition accuracy of 88%for simple Chinese characters,compared to 81.2%with traditional methods.For complex Chinese characters,the average recognition accuracy improves to 84.4%with our system,compared to 72.8%with traditional methods.Additionally,deploying the WHCC model improves data security with the increased data encryption rate complexity of∼12&higher than the traditional techniques.

Frontier Progress of Landscape Character Assessment in China

The role of Landscape Character Assessment(LCA)at the level of territorial landscape governance spans both natural and social sciences.By analyzing the development history,research distribution,methods and applications of cutting-edge cases of LCA in China,the following conclusions are drawn:①the LCA research in China originated earlier than that in Europe,but has not yet been systematically applied to the implementation of urban and rural planning at all levels;②the fundamental theory of LCA in China has been well constructed,with three main research directions:technologyled,assessment-led,and assessment combined with other theories;③the development of LCA in rural areas is more mature than in urban areas,but the progress of research is uneven across regions;④the current research presents significant“bottom-up”academic characteristics,and there is an urgent need for government decision-making authorities and academia to jointly promote a“top-down”standardized governance mechanism to comprehensively promote the modernization of territorial landscape governance.

Chip Surface Character Recognition Based on OpenCV

Chip surface character recognition is an important part of quality inspection in the field of microelectronics manufacturing.By recognizing the character information on the chip,automated production,quality control,and data collection and analysis can be achieved.This article studies a chip surface character recognition method based on the OpenCV vision library.Firstly,the obtained chip images are preprocessed.Secondly,the template matching method is used to locate the chip position.In addition,the surface characters on the chip are individually segmented,and each character image is extracted separately.Finally,a Support Vector Machine(SVM)is used to classify and recognize characters.The results show that this method can accurately recognize the surface characters of chips and meet the requirements of chip quality inspection.

南乐源于虞舜时代的农业祭仪

南乐为上古虞舜时代农业祭仪上表演的乐章,具有召唤东南季风的神秘作用,东南季风在《夏小正》《山海经》中又称为“俊风”,这一名称与大舜有关。因时代久远,早期典籍关于南乐的记载零散而不系统,《尚书》中《尧典》《益稷》等篇,《周礼》《礼记》以及《诗经·周颂》中的象舞与勺舞都与大舜韶乐有关;《诗经·国风》中反映江汉汝水流域的《周南》《召南》为《吕氏春秋·音初》中的“南音”。结合甲骨文、金文以及出土战国竹书文献,可以发现大舜南乐包含吹奏乐(箫、竽、笙)、弹拨乐(琴、瑟)以及打击乐(陶钟、陶鼓),最初应用于农业祭仪之中,用以召唤东南季风即“俊风”以及大象、凤凰等动物,与原始自然崇拜的图腾艺术相一致,具有诗乐舞综合性艺术特点,韶乐是大舜南乐的代表作品。

主持人语 八十年后再话《甲申三百年祭》

又逢甲申年,郭沫若八十年前写下的《甲申三百年祭》依旧会被提起,因为它的历史叙事仍然能镜鉴到当下的社会生活、政治生活。再说《甲申三百年祭》,当然不是重拾旧话。《“人心为本”与执政“赶考”——关于〈甲申三百年祭〉的不同解读》一文根据当下的现实,对于《甲申三百年祭》做了更悉心深入的解读。文章认为郭沫若在《甲申三百年祭》中论史的宗旨及表达的核心内容是要以“人心为本”。无论明朝的灭亡还是李自成起义的成功与失败,皆系于此。

祭典类非物质文化遗产的历史形成与现实意义

祭典类非物质文化遗产因祭典的祭祀对象是上古帝王和历代名人而显得特殊,其保护实践饱受争议。公共祭祀的行为源于上古巫祭,在王朝时期得以制度化,形成了一整套的祭祀礼仪。今天仅有少数祭典得以传承,一般以地方公共祭典的形式举办,多数已入选政府认定的非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。传承祭典类非遗的意义主要有三点:一是在国家层面,强化中华民族的文化记忆,增强内在凝聚力,激发爱国情怀;二是在地方层面,活化利用好这笔遗产,可为促进当地经济和社会发展服务;三是在个人层面,能为处于物化状态的当代人提供神圣体验和精神滋养。马克思主义的社会理想与中华文明的精神追求,共同构成了支撑当代中国人的两大信仰力量。保护祭典类非遗的关键,在于深入挖掘祭典的文化内涵和中华礼乐文明的核心要义,以重塑祭典的神圣性、审美性与社会性。

“人心为本”与执政“赶考”——关于《甲申三百年祭》的不同解读

《甲申三百年祭》问世以后,引起了广泛的关注和反响,有国民党政客及其官方舆论的恶意诋毁,有不同思想立场研究者的多种评价,有中国共产党几代政治家的不同阐释,这本身就足以说明,文章的内涵丰富而深刻,释读的时空张力很大。郭沫若通过明朝末期走向衰败和崇祯最后亡国,以及李自成在推翻这个封建专制王朝的过程中由胜利转向失败的原因追寻,旨在揭示人心向背是崇祯、李自成及一切当权者成败的决定性因素,这一历史发展规律颠扑不破。中国共产党在“取天下”和“守江山”的一路“赶考”中,始终秉持为人民谋幸福,为民族谋复兴的宗旨,故能成功跳出“历史周期律”,实现了让人民当家作主、共同富裕的伟大梦想。

苗族祭桥习俗的文化诠释——以黄腊村考察为例

桥在苗族村落社会中被赋予神圣性,并具有护佑生命与消灾解厄的功能。黄腊村的个案调查发现,祭桥(架桥)仪式可以满足人们对子嗣灵魂生命的引渡,助力夫妻婚后孕育,护佑族群人丁繁衍并为子孙积德积福的预期需要。正是生命具有神圣性及桥与生命关联的文化认知,指引求子桥、姻缘桥、保命桥与凳桥等设施在苗族村落社会中的修架,并使祭桥(加桥)仪式实践以家族文化展演的形式一年一度地举行。

非遗语境中的文化内涵“深描”:苗族“祭鼓”仪式活动的古经辞语汇释译

语言是文化的重要载体,语言的民族性是文化民族性的重要表现形式,每个民族的传统文化都会通过语言的积淀得到反映。对非物质文化遗产的深度解读,同样离不开从民族语言入手进行“深描”式的科学阐释。关于苗族“鼓藏节”的调查与研究,这是一项以“祭鼓”作为民族关键符号的祭祀祖先神灵活动,同时也是一项非物质文化遗产。在“鼓藏节”的“祭鼓”活动中,其内容通过古经辞的丰富语汇得到呈现,而“祭鼓”仪式活动的古经辞语汇释译,不但是研究这一节日文化“深描”的基础,也是从“指称论”的语言哲学理论视角出发,准确地理解和解读苗族文化真实性的一个重要方法。

Arabic Optical Character Recognition:A Review

This study aims to review the latest contributions in Arabic Optical Character Recognition(OCR)during the last decade,which helps interested researchers know the existing techniques and extend or adapt them accordingly.The study describes the characteristics of the Arabic language,different types of OCR systems,different stages of the Arabic OCR system,the researcher’s contributions in each step,and the evaluationmetrics for OCR.The study reviews the existing datasets for the Arabic OCR and their characteristics.Additionally,this study implemented some preprocessing and segmentation stages of Arabic OCR.The study compares the performance of the existing methods in terms of recognition accuracy.In addition to researchers’OCRmethods,commercial and open-source systems are used in the comparison.The Arabic language is morphologically rich and written cursive with dots and diacritics above and under the characters.Most of the existing approaches in the literature were evaluated on isolated characters or isolated words under a controlled environment,and few approaches were tested on pagelevel scripts.Some comparative studies show that the accuracy of the existing Arabic OCR commercial systems is low,under 75%for printed text,and further improvement is needed.Moreover,most of the current approaches are offline OCR systems,and there is no remarkable contribution to online OCR systems.

由悬泉汉简“祭祠具”谈汉代河西边地的社祭与臈祭

“祭祠具”简文分别见于悬泉汉简和居延汉简,二简均为简札,文书书写格式相近,内容相同。推断二简文所记为汉代“祠具”,即有关举行祭祠仪式时所应备具的祭食种类和数量的规定。此“祭祀具”简文与“祠令”相类,具有法律效力。综合汉简记载可知,敦煌悬泉置和居延地湾遗址出土的“祭祀具”使用范围应包括河西边地的社祭和臈祭仪式。

Discussion of Online Teaching Strategies for Teaching Elementary Chinese Characters to Foreigners Based on Error Analyses

The expanding role of the Chinese language in international communications has become increasingly prominent as China’s comprehensive national power continues to grow,leading to a significant rise in the number of Chinese language learners.Since online teaching is not limited by time and space,its application is widespread.For beginners in the Chinese language,the Chinese characters are both a priority and a challenge.The“Chinese Character Classification,”also known as the“Six Writings,”is the earliest systematic theory of Chinese character structures,and teaching Chinese characters in categories based on the“Chinese Character Classification”is a method that fits the cognition of beginners.In order to teach Chinese characters in a targeted approach,based on the collection and analysis of the common errors of Chinese characters among beginners,(1)this paper proposes that(a)the intuitive method can be applied to teach pictographic characters,indicative characters,and associative compound characters in online teaching;(b)the inductive-deductive method of“basic characters to new characters”can be applied for the teaching of pictophonetic characters and associative compound characters;(c)the learning of character patterns should be approached in a whole-part-whole process,while importance should be attached to the suggestion of the frequency effect with a view to facilitating the online learning of Chinese characters for beginners.The aim of this paper is to provide some practical implications for the online teaching of Chinese characters to foreigners.

Research on the Path of Integrating Ideological and Political Courses into College Physical Education Courses Under the Background of Cultivating Moral Character and Cultivating People

The national education department clearly pointed out in the“Guidelines for the Construction of Ideological and Political Curriculum in Colleges and Universities”that colleges and universities need to take on the fundamental task of cultivating moral character and cultivating people in the process of education,and reasonably integrate ideological and political courses into the curriculum to promote the overall improvement of students’ideological and political quality.This article outlines the connotation of ideological and political courses in the context of cultivating moral character and cultivating people,analyzes and summarizes the significance of integrating ideological and political courses into college physical education courses,summarizes existing problems in the construction of ideological and political courses in college physical education,and explores the path of integrating ideological and political courses into college physical education courses under the background of cultivating moral character and cultivating people,with a view to providing guidelines for teachers.

Sailfish Optimizer with Deep Transfer Learning-Enabled Arabic Handwriting Character Recognition

The recognition of the Arabic characters is a crucial task incomputer vision and Natural Language Processing fields. Some major complicationsin recognizing handwritten texts include distortion and patternvariabilities. So, the feature extraction process is a significant task in NLPmodels. If the features are automatically selected, it might result in theunavailability of adequate data for accurately forecasting the character classes.But, many features usually create difficulties due to high dimensionality issues.Against this background, the current study develops a Sailfish Optimizer withDeep Transfer Learning-Enabled Arabic Handwriting Character Recognition(SFODTL-AHCR) model. The projected SFODTL-AHCR model primarilyfocuses on identifying the handwritten Arabic characters in the inputimage. The proposed SFODTL-AHCR model pre-processes the input imageby following the Histogram Equalization approach to attain this objective.The Inception with ResNet-v2 model examines the pre-processed image toproduce the feature vectors. The Deep Wavelet Neural Network (DWNN)model is utilized to recognize the handwritten Arabic characters. At last,the SFO algorithm is utilized for fine-tuning the parameters involved in theDWNNmodel to attain better performance. The performance of the proposedSFODTL-AHCR model was validated using a series of images. Extensivecomparative analyses were conducted. The proposed method achieved a maximum accuracy of 99.73%. The outcomes inferred the supremacy of theproposed SFODTL-AHCR model over other approaches.

“Cartoon Characters Can Touch Your Soul and Set Trends”——Interview with Lina JU,Chief Designer of GENMEC

Recently,HUGY has become quite popular in the Chinese market.The character can been seen everywhere,from its emojis,memes,cartoon stories,and art toys,to T-shirts,candies,garments.HUGY is a cartoon of a cute puppy,who is always smiling widely and reaching out his arms,ready to hug you.We invited the character’s creator,Lina Ju for an interview.Lina Ju comes from South Korea but has been working in China for 10 years.She is the chief designer of GENMEC,a trendy brand belonging to Sums Model,a company based in the south of China.

Effects of Microelement Fertilizers on Main Economic Characters and Yield of Peanut

The main purpose of this study was to explore and master the optimal types and application methods of microelement fertilizers suitable for peanut cultivation in Linyi City.The results showed that the application of zinc,magnesium,sulfur,calcium and other microelement fertilizers to peanut plants had a certain yield-increasing effect,and zinc had the most significant yield-increasing effect.Compared with the control check(CK),the yield per unit area increased by 1431 kg/hm^(2),equivalent to an increase of 38.4%.Meanwhile,according to field investigation and observation,the treatment of increasing zinc fertilizer had a certain promotion effect on peanut emergence rate,seedling growth potential,and yield components.