Present-day movement characteristics of the Qinghai Nanshan fault and its surrounding area from GPS observation

The Qinghai Nanshan fault is a larger fault in the Northeastern Xizang Plateau.In previous studies,its movement characteristics are mainly investigated with geological and seismic observations,and the tectonic transformation role of the fault on its east is not yet clear.This study uses data fusion to obtain denser GPS observations near the Qinghai Nanshan fault.Based on tectonic characteristics,we establish a block model to investigate the fault slip rate,locking degree,and slip deficit.The results show that the Qinghai Nanshan fault slip rate is characterized by sinistral and convergent movement.Both the sinistral and convergent rates display a decreasing trend from west to east.The locking degree and slip deficit are higher in the western segment(with an average of about 0.74 and 1.1 mm/a)and lower in the eastern segment.Then,we construct a strain rate field using GPS observations to analyze the regional strain characteristics.The results indicate that along the fault,the western segment shows a larger shear strain rate and negative dilation rate.Regional earthquake records show that the frequency of earthquakes is lower near the fault.The joint results suggest that the western segment may have a higher earthquake risk.In addition,the insignificant fault slip rate in the eastern segment may indicate that it does not participate in the tectonic transformation among the Riyueshan,Lajishan,and West Qinling faults.

Research on the influences of motion characteristics of jetting projectile charge under water

Shaped charge warhead is important for enhancing the damage performance of underwater weapons.This paper used finite element analysis software and based on JPC water penetration experiments to examine the influence of liner parameters(wall thickness,material),charge aspect ratio,and stand-off distance on the movement characteristics of JPC in water.The findings reveal that the head diameter of the JPC increases and experiences significant erosion after entering the water,the effective length of the JPC in water undergoes two distinct phases:a growth phase and a decrease phase,with the velocity of the JPC decaying exponentially.Increasing the liner thickness,stand-off distance and the charge aspect ratio can improve the erosion resistance and the velocity retention capacity of the JPC.The optimal ranges for liner thickness and stand-off distance are 0.0363D_(k) to 0.0545D_(k)(D_(k) is the charge diameter),the stand-off distance should be within 1.0D_(k).After the charge aspect ratio higher than 1.25,the charge structure exerts minimal influence the movement characteristics of the JPC in water.Material density plays a crucial role in the velocity decay pattern of the JPC during penetration.JPC with higher densities exhibit superior velocity retention capabilities in water,with the velocity decay pattern converging if the densities are similar.Consequently,copper,tantalum and tungsten liners are deemed appropriate for underwater shaped charge warhead.Finally,the results will provide an important reference for the design of underwater shaped charge warhead.

Dynamic response characteristics of a circular lined tunnel under anisotropy frost heave of overlying soil at the tunnel portal section in cold regions

The rapid development of traffic engineering in cold regions and its consequent problems need to be considered.In this paper,the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel portal section in cold regions with harmonic load acting on the lining were studied in the frequency domain.The lining is in close contact with the frozen soil,and there is relative movement between the frozen and unfrozen soil due to the phase change.The analytical solution of the vibration of tunnel portal section caused by the harmonic load acting on the lining was derived under the consideration of the anisotropy frost heave of overlying soil.Based on the continuity conditions and boundary conditions,the undetermined coefficients were obtained,and the analytical solutions for different medium displacements and stresses of the cold-region tunnel system were acquired.The vertical pressure coefficient was equivalently simplified as a variable that could be used to replace the thickness of the overlying soil above the tunnel.The analysis of the parameter model shows that the change of the medium parameters(lining,frozen,and unfrozen soil)affects the circumferential stresses,the radial displacements and their peak frequencies of the soil.For example,the increase of density ratio of tunnel lining to frozen soil decreases the radial stresses of the frozen and unfrozen soil;the increase of volumetric frost heaving strain of the frozen soil increases the radial displacements of the frozen surface and decreases the stability of the frozen surface;the increasing of thickness of the frozen soil significantly reduces the radial displacement of unfrozen soil at dimensionless radius η=4.5 compared with that of frozen soil at η=1.5.

Experimental study on age and gender differences in microscopic movement characteristics of students

Campus security has aroused many concerns from the whole society.Stampede is one of the most frequent and influential accidents in campus.Studies on pedestrian dynamics especially focusing on students are essential for campus security,which are helpful to improve facility design and emergency evacuation strategy.In this paper,primary and middle school students were recruited to participate in the single-file experiments.The microscopic movement characteristics,including walking speed,headway,gait characteristics(step length,step frequency and swaying amplitude)and their relations were investigated.Age and gender differences in the headway-speed diagram and space requirements were analyzed by statistical tests.The results indicated that the impacts of age and gender were significant.There were three stages for the influence of gender on the headway-speed diagram for both age groups.The impacts on students'space requirements were consistent for different age and gender groups.But the impacts of age and gender on free-flow speed were affected by each other.Due to the connection of walking speed and gait characteristics,the comparisons of gait characteristics between different ages and genders were performed to understand the corresponding differences in speed more deeply.The results showed that differences in step length and swaying amplitude between males and females were significant for both age groups.The effect of gender on step frequency was significant for primary students.But for middle school students,whether gender had significant impact on step frequency was not clear here because of the large P-value.Besides,the influence of age on gait characteristics changed with gender.

Research on dynamic characteristics of arc under electrode relative motion

The relative motion of the electrodes is a typical feature of sliding electrical contact systems.The system fault caused by the arc is the key problem that restricts the service life of the sliding electrical contact system.In this paper,an arcing experimental platform that can accurately control the relative speed and distance of electrodes is built,and the influence of different electrode speeds and electrode distances on arc motion characteristics is explored.It is found that there are three different modes of arc root motion:single arc root motion mode,single and double arc roots alternating motion mode,and multiple arc roots motion mode.The physical process and influence mechanism of different arc root motion modes are further studied,and the corresponding relationship between arc root motion modes and electrode speed is revealed.In addition,to further explore the distribution characteristics of arc temperature and its influencing factors,an arc magnetohydrodynamic model under the relative motion of electrodes is established,and the variation law of arc temperature under the effect of different electrode speeds and electrode distances is summarized.Finally,the influence mechanism of electrode speed and electrode distance on arc temperature,arc root distance,and arc root speed is clarified.The research results enrich the research system of arc dynamic characteristics in the field of sliding electrical contact,and provide theoretical support for restraining arc erosion and improving the service life of the sliding electrical contact system.

Characteristics of Horizontal Crustal Movement in the North China Region in the Last Decade

Based on high-precision data obtained in the past decade from GPS re-measurement in the North China Network, the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and GPS measurement along the Shanxi graben zone, the status and evolution of horizontal crustal movement in the North China region are analyzed. The results show that(1) the Yanshan tectonic zone (Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea zone)is an active one with the largest horizontal strain in the North China region; The largest tendency differential movement of adjacent blocks is seen between the Yanshan block and the North China plain block; about 2mm/a (left lateral); (2) The significant horizontal differential movement along the boundaries of the North China region is characterized by right-lateral strike-slip movement at the middle-north segment on its west boundary (composed of Yinchuan and other active tectonic zones) and compressive movement at the south segment; while the Yinshan rift zone located along the west segment on its north boundary is dominated by tensile movement. Other boundaries and zones have no obvious differential movement; (3) On the whole, measurements of each period differ from one another, which might result from the nonlinear movement component as well as from the error effect. In the paper, results of the relative movement and strain in different periods are given for different blocks and boundary zones.

Construction of GPS MonitoringNetwork,Characteristics of RecentCrustal Movement,and Relationbetween Stress Field andEarthquake Activity in the NingxiaRegion

GPS observation network is deployed in the central part of Ningxia, which is the juncture of the Alxa block, Ordos block and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block. Using the data of five phases of repeated survey sine 1996, the current state of crustal movement in the central part of Ningxia is analyzed. From the result, we can know the following. (1) In the period from Dec. 1996 to May 1999, the central part of Ningxia had the phenomenon of left-lateral movement about the west margin of Ordos (measuring station P2) and the Lingwu fault on the east of the Yinchuan basin displayed the mode of left-lateral reverse strike slip movement. In that region, the direction of the principal stress field was NNE-SSW (with an azimuth of 29.8?; the central part to the south of the measuring station P2 displaced eastward; the vertical deformation was obviously greater than the horizontal deformation in order of magnitude; the Yinchuan basin and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block were in a state of rising; the measuring station P1 in the hinterland of Ordos showed a trend of subsiding year by year; and there may be a hidden fault to exist between the measuring points P3 and P4. (2) About one year before the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes in the vicinity of the measuring region, deformation anomalies and abnormal changes of principal stress direction can be observed by the GPS measuring stations in that region; before moderately strong earthquakes near the measuring region and before strong earthquakes in adjacent regions, the simulated GPS deformation vector field ofthat region can betoken the approximate position of the coming earthquake. These results can be regarded as the eigenvalues of earthquake prediction for consideration.

XI JINPING THOUGHT ON SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A NEW ERA OPENS NEW HORIZON FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

The 19^(th) National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)established Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guiding ideology of the CPC,marking a new leap forward in synthesizing basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete conditions.This Thought enriches and develops scientific socialism,the guiding ideology of the International

Crustal Motion Characteristics in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Regions after the Wenchuan Earthquake

The Wenchuan earthquake has altered the crustal motion characteristics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions.Using discontinuous GPS survey data for 2008–2012, the velocity field for the Eurasia reference framework has been obtained, and the general trend of contemporary crustal motion after the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake has been studied.In addition, using the velocity field, the block movement velocity has been estimated by least-squares fitting.Furthermore, the properties and displacement rates of main faults have been obtained from the differences in velocity vectors of the blocks on both sides of the faults.The results reveal that there are no obvious changes in the general characteristics of crustal motion in this area after the Wenchuan earthquake.The earthquake mainly changed the rate of the movement of the Chuan-Qing block and caused variation in the movement direction of the South China block.The effect of the earthquake on faults is mainly reflected in variations in fault displacement velocity; there is no fundamental change in the properties of fault activity.The displacement rates of the Xianshuihe fault decreased by 3–4 mm/a, the Longmenshan fault increased by 9–10 mm/a, and the northern segment of the Anninghe fault increased by approximately 9 mm/a.Furthermore, the displacement rates of the Minjiang, Xueshan, Huya, Longquanshan, and Xinjin faults increased by 2–3 mm/a.This implies that the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on crustal movement can mainly be observed in the Chuan-Qing, South China, and N-Chuan-Dian blocks and their internal faults, as well as the Xianshuihe and Longmenshan faults and the northern section of the Anninghe fault.The reason for this is that the Wenchuan earthquake disturbed the kinematic and dynamic balance in the region.

Effect of Precipitation Characteristics on Spatial and Temporal Variations of Landslide in Kermanshah Province in Iran

Landslide can be defined as the mass movement of sloping slopes under the influence of mass gravity and its stimuli such as earthquakes,floods and flood plains.This phenomenon is one of the natural hazards that every year causes a lot of financial and financial losses in mountainous,rain-fed and seismic areas.Detection of time and the magnitude of landslides are necessary to understand the causes of landslide and to warn potential hazards.In this research,the amount of landslide displacement in Kermanshah province was evaluated by the characteristics of rainfall.To this end,a network of fixed points in and out of the slipping mass of 20 points was created to monitor the amount of displacement on different slip load users and the amount of displacement of each point in 5 time intervals using the Global Positioning System for two-dimensional GPS measurement.The results of the 511-day follow-up showed that the total horizontal displacement of the moving points in the 5 intervals measured at 1658 mm has a monthly displacement rate of 112 mm.Also,the total vertical displacement of moving points at the same time is 899 mm,with a monthly movement rate of 71 mm.Then,precipitation variances such as rainfall,rainfall,precipitation duration,maximum rainfall intensity in the intervals of 10,20,30 and 60 minutes and the average rainfall intensity were calculated and extracted for each of the 5 time periods.The drawing of the vectors of points on the topographic map of the area indicated that the direction of mass movement is in the direction of elevation gradient of the region.The results showed that only the precipitation severity with the landslide had a good correlation.The landslide movement had the highest correlation with average rainfall intensity(R=0.85)and with maximum 30 minutes rainfall(R=0.67),respectively,and other rainfall characteristics like amount,duration,and type of rainfall had not significantly correlated with movement of landslides.

Characteristics of Gas Emission at Super-Length Fully-Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face

Characteristics of gas emission at the K8206 working face in the Third mine of the Yangquan Coal Group were investigated. The effects of strata movement,advancing velocity of working face,production capacity of working face and gas extraction capability of strike high-level entry on gas emission at K8206 working face were analyzed. A regression equation,reflecting the relationship between relative gas emission rate and the production capacity of work-ing faces,was established. Another regression equation showing the relationship between the gas emission rate from adjacent layers when the working face was advancing for one metre and advancing velocity was derived. It can be con-cluded that,1) the amount of gas emitted at the K8206 working face is far greater than that of ordinary top coal caving faces with a dip length of 180-190 m; 2) the dynamic process of gas emission from adjacent layers during the initial mining stage is controlled by the movement of key strata; 3) the amount of gas emitted that needs to be forced out by air is greatly affected by the capability of gas extraction; 4) when the advancing velocity is between 3.5-5.5 m/d or when the output is up to 8-12 kt/d,the gas emission from adjacent layers is almost constant.

Current tectonic deformation and seismogenic characteristics along the northeast margin of Qinghai -Xizang block

Based on the data from repeated precise leveling and across-fault deformation measurements carried out in recent 30 years and the analyzed results from GPS observations made in recent years along the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang block, and combined with the geological structures and seismic activities, some characteristics in regional tectonic deformation and strong earthquake development are studied and approached preliminarily. The results show that: a) The space-time distribution of current tectonic deformation in this area is inhomogeneous with relatively intensive tectonic deformation in the vicinity of main boundary faults and weak deformation in the farther areas. The intensity of vertical differential movement and the deformation status vary with time, and the horizontal movement and deformation are characterized by apparent compression and strike-slip. b) The tectonic stress field generated by the NE-trending continuous compressive movement of Qinghai-Xizang block due to the northward press and collision of India plate is the principal stress for the tectonic deformation and earthquake development in this area. The evolution of space-time distribution of tectonic deformation and seismicity is closely related to the block activity and dynamic evolution of regional tectonic stress field. c) The vertical deformation uplift and high-gradient deformation zones and the obvious fault deformation anomaly appeared along the boundaries of tectonic blocks can be considered as the indicators of hindered block motion and intensified tectonic stress field for strong earthquake development. Usually, the above-mentioned phenomena would be followed by the seismicity of M6.0, but the earthquake might not occur in the place with the maximum movement. The zones with the fault deformation anomaly characterized by tendencious accumulation acceleration turning and the surrounding areas might be the positions for accumulation of strain energy and development and occurrence of strong earthquakes.

不同风格驾驶员眼动特性分析——夜间快速路分流区

为提高驾驶员在夜间快速路分流区换道的安全性,以不同风格的驾驶员为研究对象,分析不同风格驾驶员换道时眼动参数的变化规律。首先在前人研究基础上自编夜间快速路驾驶风格量表,对量表进行信度和Pearson相关系数法的效度检验;然后通过主成分分析法对问卷调查法得出的结果进行分析,得出驾驶风格综合得分量化模型,并使用K均值聚类分析法划分驾驶风格;最后基于眼动仪进行实车试验,获取三种风格驾驶员换道的眼动数据。试验结果表明:谨慎型、一般型、激进型驾驶员对于后视镜平均注视次数占比为48%、27%、25%;对左右两侧的平均累计注视时间占比是31%、25%、19%;平均瞳孔面积占比为56.3%、27.6%、16.1%。试验结果可以为提高驾驶员换道的行车安全性研究提供一定的数据支持。

秀山花灯的舞蹈动作形态研究

秀山花灯系第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,是融合了歌、舞、戏等多种艺术形式为一体的综合表演艺术。秀山花灯具有高台花灯、单花灯、双花灯、群花灯等多种表演形式,舞蹈作为其重要组成部分,主要以扇法、身法、步法三种舞蹈动作技法为主,舞蹈形态特征则主要表现在扇法中的“绕转”、身法中的“颤膝”以及步法中的“弧线”等。这些舞蹈形态特征所展现出的艺术魅力,可推动秀山花灯的现代性传承与发展。

我国男子跳马单项决赛动作特征分析--以2022年全国体操锦标赛为例

文章运用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等方法,以2022年全国体操锦标赛男子跳马单项决赛动作选择为切入点。按照上板、第一腾空、第二腾空、落地的顺序进行对比分析,研究国内优秀跳马运动员动作选择倾向以及动作特征,找出特长与优势,为运动员日常训练提供理论指导从而将运动训练过程置于科学控制状态之下,提高训练的科学性。研究得出:通过预赛的层层选拔,进入跳马单项决赛的8名选手在一定程度上代表了国内跳马的最高水平,随着国内跳马项目迅速发展,运动员动作难度价值整体上升了一个水平,但完成质量有待提高;跳马单项决赛中5.4是基本难度水平;动作选择依旧集中在手翻类动作,踺子上板类动作较少;单一轴转体的动作是运动员动作选择的主流;动作完成质量以及落地稳定性是世界大赛中夺金的有力保障。以上结论有利于了解当前国内跳马现状;为运动员提出了未来训练的发展方向和要求;为备战巴黎奥运会,在世界大赛上冲击奖牌具有重要意义。

上山下乡运动时期青海省安置知青人数及其特点分析

上山下乡运动时期青海省共安置下乡知青4.2万多名,这些知青大多是来自省内西宁等地的城镇知识青年,主要安置分布于省内河湟谷地等农业区。这一时期青海知青下乡人数的升降起伏与全国总体一致,但受自然条件、经济及人文社会条件等因素的影响,也具有自身的特点。

库区浮泥层纵向流速垂线分布特性研究

水库浮泥是存在于水库底部的一层高含沙水体,流动性较强,直接影响水库淤积形态和水库排沙,研究其运动规律对水库减淤优化调度具有重要意义。根据三峡库区实测泥沙矿物组成和级配资料,配置沙样进行流变试验,以幂律流变模型描述浮泥的本构关系。构建了浮泥运动的速度分布理论模型,通过水槽试验对模型进行了验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。结果表明,浮泥运动速度随浮泥厚度、上层水流流速、床面坡度增大而增大,随浮泥密度增大而减少。沿水深方向浮泥纵向流速分布始终呈抛物线型,表层的浮泥流速要远大于底层浮泥,浮泥纵向流速沿垂向方向不断减少,最底部的浮泥几乎处于静止状态。

漳州市青少年排球运动员功能性动作筛查(FMS)特征分析——以漳州市少体校备战福建省第十七届运动会排球比赛为例

本文运用文献资料法、测试法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对漳州市青少年男、女排球运动员进行功能性动作筛查(FMS),全面了解漳州市青少年男、女排球运动员身体运动功能特征和薄弱环节。结果显示:漳州市青少年男、女排球运动员的FMS水平不高,有接近一半(46.67%)的运动员存在发生运动损伤的风险;漳州市青少年男、女排球大部分运动员存在髋、膝和踝的灵活性不足、基础核心力量需要进一步巩固的问题,同时上下肢关节力量传导的动态平衡能力及肌肉神经传导的协调能力也应有所提高。

四川宝兴张家沟危岩体稳定性及运动学分析

张家沟危岩体在2022年“6•1”芦山地震后被发现,稳定性差,严重威胁下方居民生命财产安全。基于稳定性计算及离散元数值分析方法对危岩体进行评价,选取稳定性最差的地震工况进行运动学分析,在上述研究基础上结合解析解与数值解成果设计相应防护措施。主要结论有:(1)张家沟危岩体结构破碎,顺坡向控制性结构面发育,破坏模式为滑移式;(2)稳定性计算与数值模拟结果皆表明张家沟危岩体在天然、暴雨、地震工况下均会失稳,其中地震工况下运动距离最长;(3)地震工况下危岩体的破坏模式为震裂—滑移式,运动过程中块石以滑移为主,跳高较小,同时坡面形态显著影响着落石运动特征;(4)落石间相互碰撞挤压会改变其运动特征及冲击动能大小,在一定程度上可增加致灾范围。成果可为类似灾害防治提供参考。

弃土场原位与弃土斜坡水分运动特征对比分析

降雨入渗会改变斜坡原有的平衡状态,为探究弃土场原位与弃土斜坡降雨入渗过程的水分运动特征。以某弃土场为研究对象重复开展染色示踪试验,对比分析原位与弃土斜坡垂直方向上土壤剖面的染色面积比和渗流前后水分运动特征的差异。结果表明(1)原位斜坡水分入渗以基质流为主,少量优先流动由生物通道引发;0~50 cm深度水分垂直均匀入渗程度高,随深度增大,表现出沿容重小一侧非均匀流动;50 cm深度以下,平均染色面积比与深度呈负相关;(2)无植被发育弃土斜坡无优先流动,沿斜坡土体表层水平扩散流动程度高,平均染色面积比在20 cm深度以下保持为0,无染色特征;植被发育弃土斜坡水分沿植物根茎优先入渗,垂直入渗较活跃;(3)染色面积比及湿润带特征能很好的捕捉斜坡水分渗流的非均匀信息;同时,根系会改变土体的孔隙发育程度,形成内部交织的网状结构,降低土壤容重,增加水分入渗,有利于增强表层土壤含水率,降低水分深层渗流,增强斜坡稳定性;加强弃土场植被生态恢复有利于增加斜坡的固土保水能力及稳定性。