Complete hyperentangled state analysis and generation of multi-particle entanglement based on charge detection

We propose the schemes for implementing hyperentangled state analysis and generating four-electron high entan-gled states （including cluster state, ｜X） state, and symmetric Dicke state） based on the charge detection of free electrons. These schemes are deterministic and rely only on charge detection and single-spin rotations. This method, which uses noninteracting electrons, is not only efficient but also saves on quantum resources.

Deterministic implementations of fermionic quantum SWAP and Fredkin gates for spin qubits based on charge detection

We propose a scheme to implement fermionic quantum SWAP and Fredkin gates for spin qubits with the aid of charge detection. The scheme is deterministic without the need of qubit qubit interaction, and the proposed setups consist of simple polarizing beam splitters, single-spin rotations, and charge detectors. Compared with linear optics quantum computation, this charge-measurement-based qubit scheme greatly enhances the success probability for ira- plementing quantum SWAP and Fredkin gates and greatly simplifies the experimental realization of scalable quantum computers with noninteracting electrons.

Quantum information procession with fermions based on charge detection

This paper proposes a fermionic linear optical scheme for the teleportation and entanglement concentration via entanglement swapping based on charge detection. It also proves that this method is useful in generating entangled states such as GHZ states, W states, and cluster states by using fermionic polarizing beam splitters and single spin rotations assisted by a parity check on the fermionic qubits. This scheme is nearly deterministic （i.e., with 100% successful probability） and does not need the joint Bell state measurement required in the previous schemes.

Quantitative analysis of 3-isopropylamino-1,2-propanediol as a degradation product of metoprolol in pharmaceutical dosage forms by HILIC-CAD

Aryloxypropanolamine is an essential structural scaffold for a variety of b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as metoprolol.Molecules with such a structural motif tend to degrade into α,β ehydroxypropanolamine impurities via a radicaleinitiated oxidation pathway.These impurities are typically polar and nonchromophoric,and are thus often overlooked using traditional reversed phase chromatography and UV detection.In this work,stress testing of metoprolol confirmed the generation of 3-isopropylamino-1,2-propanediol as a degradation product,which is a specified impurity of metoprolol in the European Pharmacopoeia(impurity N).To ensure the safety and quality of metoprolol drug products,hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC)methods using Halo Penta HILIC column(150mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)coupled with charged aerosol detection(CAD)were developed and optimized for the separation and quantitation of metoprolol impurity N in metoprolol drug products including metoprolol tartrate injection,metoprolol tartrate tablets,and metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets.These HILIC-CAD methods were validated per USP validation guidelines with respect to specificity,linearity,accuracy,and precision,and have been successfully applied to determine impurity N in metoprolol drug products.

A sensitive charge scanning probe based on silicon single electron transistor

Single electron transistors（SETs） are known to be extremely sensitive electrometers owing to their high charge sensitivity. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon-on-insulatorbased SET scanning probe. The fabricated SET is located about 10 m away from the probe tip. The SET with a quantum dot of about 70 nm in diameter exhibits an obvious Coulomb blockade effect measured at 4.1 K. The Coulomb blockade energy is about 18 me V, and the charge sensitivity is in the order of 10^-（5）–10（^-3）e/Hz^（1/2）. This SET scanning probe can be used to map charge distribution and sense dynamic charge fluctuation in nanodevices or circuits under test, realizing high sensitivity and high spatial resolution charge detection.