The main task of this article was to prepared of new pigment model in situ solar cells accordance to charge-transfer complexes of rhodamine C(RhC) donor as dye laser gain media with iodine(σ-acceptor) and chloranilic...The main task of this article was to prepared of new pigment model in situ solar cells accordance to charge-transfer complexes of rhodamine C(RhC) donor as dye laser gain media with iodine(σ-acceptor) and chloranilic acid, CLA(π-acceptor). The synthesis stoichiometry of these complexes were of 1∶2(donor∶acceptor) with general formulas [(RhC)]I·I3 and [(RhC)(CLA)2]. The discussed data of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and photometric titration data visualized the stoichiometry, formula and complexity of the complexes. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses obtained suggested that the electron transfer occurred through nitrogen atom in a tertiary amine —N(C2H5)2 of RhC donor with acceptor. The synthesized solid complexes were under go to thermogravimetric analyses to investigate their thermal stability and decomposition steps. The molar conductance measurements revealed that RhC complexes have an electrolytic statement. The thermal stability of rhodamine C complexes was enhanced in comparable with RhC itself. The polymer membranes of poly-methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) combined with the RhC charge(transfer complexes in chloroform solvent have been prepared and characterized by(infrared & electronic) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) morphological examination. The photo-stability properties of the RhC complexes have been investigated.展开更多
Molecular doping has become a widely used method to modulate the electric performance of organic semiconductors(OSC).Highly effective charge transfer during molecular doping is desired to achieve ideal electrical cond...Molecular doping has become a widely used method to modulate the electric performance of organic semiconductors(OSC).Highly effective charge transfer during molecular doping is desired to achieve ideal electrical conductivity.Two types of charge transfer mechanisms are widely accepted in molecular doping process:integer charge transfer(ICT)and charge transfer complex(CTC).In this review,fundamental principles of two mechanisms are revisited and the characterization methods are depicted.The key points for the formation of two mechanisms are highlighted from aspects of molecular structure and process engineering.Then,the strategies to improve the proportion of ICT are discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for future developments in the molecular doping of polymer semiconductors are provided.展开更多
A polymer containing bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene moiety was synthesized and its electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The charge transfer complexes of the polymer with TCNQ and I//...A polymer containing bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene moiety was synthesized and its electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The charge transfer complexes of the polymer with TCNQ and I//2 were obtained by chemical oxidation in dichlorobenzene. All of them are semi-conductors. A film of the polymer was obtained by casting. Its conductivity, after oxidation with iodine, is 2.24 multiplied by 10** minus **6S center dot cm** minus **1 and its conducting state is stable in air. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.展开更多
Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films based on a new asymmetrical tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its charge transfer complex with TCNQ were prepared by admixing with arachidic acid. The LB films were characterized by ...Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films based on a new asymmetrical tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its charge transfer complex with TCNQ were prepared by admixing with arachidic acid. The LB films were characterized by surface pressure-area isotherms, UV spectra, and X-ray diffeaction. Conductivity of the LB films relating to the number of layers was studied. After doped with iodine the highest conductivity for the asymmetrical TTF and its TCNQ complex LB film reached 0.23 and 4.7×10-5 S·cm- 1 ，respectively.展开更多
电荷转移配合物(charge transfer complex,简写为CTC,又称电荷转移复合物)是由电子给予体D(donor)和电子接受体A(acceptor)组成的分子配合物.电荷转移配合物早已被人们认识,但作为一类功能材料并产业化,则是近20年的事情.目前,电荷转移...电荷转移配合物(charge transfer complex,简写为CTC,又称电荷转移复合物)是由电子给予体D(donor)和电子接受体A(acceptor)组成的分子配合物.电荷转移配合物早已被人们认识,但作为一类功能材料并产业化,则是近20年的事情.目前,电荷转移配合物已广泛地用于电子、电器、仪表(如发热面膜、导电薄膜、微型电子元件的抗干扰屏蔽外壳等)、电致发光彩色大型显示屏、红外成像材料、太阳能电池、存贮材料及飞行器隐形材料等.据报道,不久的将来,电荷转移配合物在分子开关、分子存贮材料及分子电路等高技术领域中将起重要作用.世界许多国家(包括中国)都投入了大量人力、财力从事电荷转移配合物的研究,如美国的Allied公司、Hexcel公司、IBM公司以及Bell公司,日本昭和电工株式会社等;此外还有美国Callfornia大学、New Mexico大学,日本东京大学工学院以及德国、加拿大、俄罗斯和中国等国的著名研究所和大学.可以看出,有关电荷转移配合物的研究是一个十分活跃且应用前景广阔的课题.展开更多
Solvothermal reactions of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) with cadmium acetate or zinc acetate yielded two compounds formulated as (Me2NH2)[Cd(btc)]·DMA (1) (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, DMA = N,N-d...Solvothermal reactions of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) with cadmium acetate or zinc acetate yielded two compounds formulated as (Me2NH2)[Cd(btc)]·DMA (1) (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) and (Me2NH2)[Zn(btc)]·DMF (2) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Both are 3-D frameworks with the rutile topology, which are constructed from six-connected dimeric metal cores and three-connected btc linkers. The solvent molecules and counter cations are located in the 1-D channels of the frameworks. A slight difference between the two compounds is the different connectivity modes of the metal atoms with the carboxylate groups of the ligands. However, this slight difference results in distinct flexibilities of the two frameworks. Variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the framework of 1 collapses when heated at 180 °C with loss of the guest species, but compound 2 undergoes two structural transformations below 380 °C. Thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy analysis for 2 showed that the two structural transformations are induced by separate losses of solvent molecules and counter cations, and that the dimethylammonium cations are eliminated as neutral dimethylamine molecules. IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the protons are transferred from the counter cations onto the uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms on the channel walls. Sorption and proton conduction studies have also been performed for the compounds.展开更多
This paper is to report the temperature dependent electrical conductivity of single crystals of radical ion salt (RIS) potassium-TCNQ (K-tetracyanoquino- dimethane) in a wide range of temperatures from 30 to 500 K. Th...This paper is to report the temperature dependent electrical conductivity of single crystals of radical ion salt (RIS) potassium-TCNQ (K-tetracyanoquino- dimethane) in a wide range of temperatures from 30 to 500 K. This RIS is quasi-one-dimensional in nature. These single crystals of K-TCNQ are grown by different methods like electrochemical, solution growth and diffusion method. Activation energy is determined for the sample in different temperature regions and found different values. More than one semiconductor to metal phase transition is observed in the studied samples during electrical measurements below and above room temperature. All the features observed in the studied samples are analyzed in the framework of their molecular structure as well as under different effects like disorder, impurity, Coulomb interaction, charge density wave (CDW), scattering and 3-D effects etc.展开更多
A series of novel low band gap donor-acceptor （D-A） type organic co-polymers （BT-F-TPA, BT-CZ-TPA and BT-SI-TPA） consisting of electron-deficient acceptor blocks both in main chains （M1） and at the pendant （M2...A series of novel low band gap donor-acceptor （D-A） type organic co-polymers （BT-F-TPA, BT-CZ-TPA and BT-SI-TPA） consisting of electron-deficient acceptor blocks both in main chains （M1） and at the pendant （M2） were polymerized with different electron rich donor （M3-M5） blocks, i.e., 9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene, N-alkyl-2,7-carbazole, and 2,6-dithinosilole, respectively, via Suzuki method. These polymers exhibited relatively low band gaps （1.65-1.88 eV） and broad absorption ranges （680-740 nm）. Bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells incorporating these polymers as electron donors, blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PC61BM） or [6,6]-phenyl-Cvl-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as electron-acceptors in different weight ratios were fabricated and tested under 100 mW/cm2 of AM 1.5 with white-light illumination. The photovoltaic device containing donor BT-SI-TPA and acceptor PC71BM in 1：2 weight ratio showed the best power conversion efficiency （PCE） value of 1.88%, with open circuit voltage （Voc） = 0.75 V, short circuit current density （Jsc） = 7.60 mA/cm2, and fill factor （FF） = 33.0%.展开更多
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University(2017-143-CED)
文摘The main task of this article was to prepared of new pigment model in situ solar cells accordance to charge-transfer complexes of rhodamine C(RhC) donor as dye laser gain media with iodine(σ-acceptor) and chloranilic acid, CLA(π-acceptor). The synthesis stoichiometry of these complexes were of 1∶2(donor∶acceptor) with general formulas [(RhC)]I·I3 and [(RhC)(CLA)2]. The discussed data of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and photometric titration data visualized the stoichiometry, formula and complexity of the complexes. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses obtained suggested that the electron transfer occurred through nitrogen atom in a tertiary amine —N(C2H5)2 of RhC donor with acceptor. The synthesized solid complexes were under go to thermogravimetric analyses to investigate their thermal stability and decomposition steps. The molar conductance measurements revealed that RhC complexes have an electrolytic statement. The thermal stability of rhodamine C complexes was enhanced in comparable with RhC itself. The polymer membranes of poly-methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) combined with the RhC charge(transfer complexes in chloroform solvent have been prepared and characterized by(infrared & electronic) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) morphological examination. The photo-stability properties of the RhC complexes have been investigated.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 92263109)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (No. 22QA1410400)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 23ZR1472200).
文摘Molecular doping has become a widely used method to modulate the electric performance of organic semiconductors(OSC).Highly effective charge transfer during molecular doping is desired to achieve ideal electrical conductivity.Two types of charge transfer mechanisms are widely accepted in molecular doping process:integer charge transfer(ICT)and charge transfer complex(CTC).In this review,fundamental principles of two mechanisms are revisited and the characterization methods are depicted.The key points for the formation of two mechanisms are highlighted from aspects of molecular structure and process engineering.Then,the strategies to improve the proportion of ICT are discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for future developments in the molecular doping of polymer semiconductors are provided.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29574156)and the Foundation of the Open Laboratory of Organic Solids,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A polymer containing bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene moiety was synthesized and its electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The charge transfer complexes of the polymer with TCNQ and I//2 were obtained by chemical oxidation in dichlorobenzene. All of them are semi-conductors. A film of the polymer was obtained by casting. Its conductivity, after oxidation with iodine, is 2.24 multiplied by 10** minus **6S center dot cm** minus **1 and its conducting state is stable in air. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.
文摘Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films based on a new asymmetrical tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its charge transfer complex with TCNQ were prepared by admixing with arachidic acid. The LB films were characterized by surface pressure-area isotherms, UV spectra, and X-ray diffeaction. Conductivity of the LB films relating to the number of layers was studied. After doped with iodine the highest conductivity for the asymmetrical TTF and its TCNQ complex LB film reached 0.23 and 4.7×10-5 S·cm- 1 ，respectively.
文摘电荷转移配合物(charge transfer complex,简写为CTC,又称电荷转移复合物)是由电子给予体D(donor)和电子接受体A(acceptor)组成的分子配合物.电荷转移配合物早已被人们认识,但作为一类功能材料并产业化,则是近20年的事情.目前,电荷转移配合物已广泛地用于电子、电器、仪表(如发热面膜、导电薄膜、微型电子元件的抗干扰屏蔽外壳等)、电致发光彩色大型显示屏、红外成像材料、太阳能电池、存贮材料及飞行器隐形材料等.据报道,不久的将来,电荷转移配合物在分子开关、分子存贮材料及分子电路等高技术领域中将起重要作用.世界许多国家(包括中国)都投入了大量人力、财力从事电荷转移配合物的研究,如美国的Allied公司、Hexcel公司、IBM公司以及Bell公司,日本昭和电工株式会社等;此外还有美国Callfornia大学、New Mexico大学,日本东京大学工学院以及德国、加拿大、俄罗斯和中国等国的著名研究所和大学.可以看出,有关电荷转移配合物的研究是一个十分活跃且应用前景广阔的课题.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20821001 & 90922031)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815302)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
文摘Solvothermal reactions of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) with cadmium acetate or zinc acetate yielded two compounds formulated as (Me2NH2)[Cd(btc)]·DMA (1) (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) and (Me2NH2)[Zn(btc)]·DMF (2) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Both are 3-D frameworks with the rutile topology, which are constructed from six-connected dimeric metal cores and three-connected btc linkers. The solvent molecules and counter cations are located in the 1-D channels of the frameworks. A slight difference between the two compounds is the different connectivity modes of the metal atoms with the carboxylate groups of the ligands. However, this slight difference results in distinct flexibilities of the two frameworks. Variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the framework of 1 collapses when heated at 180 °C with loss of the guest species, but compound 2 undergoes two structural transformations below 380 °C. Thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy analysis for 2 showed that the two structural transformations are induced by separate losses of solvent molecules and counter cations, and that the dimethylammonium cations are eliminated as neutral dimethylamine molecules. IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the protons are transferred from the counter cations onto the uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms on the channel walls. Sorption and proton conduction studies have also been performed for the compounds.
文摘This paper is to report the temperature dependent electrical conductivity of single crystals of radical ion salt (RIS) potassium-TCNQ (K-tetracyanoquino- dimethane) in a wide range of temperatures from 30 to 500 K. This RIS is quasi-one-dimensional in nature. These single crystals of K-TCNQ are grown by different methods like electrochemical, solution growth and diffusion method. Activation energy is determined for the sample in different temperature regions and found different values. More than one semiconductor to metal phase transition is observed in the studied samples during electrical measurements below and above room temperature. All the features observed in the studied samples are analyzed in the framework of their molecular structure as well as under different effects like disorder, impurity, Coulomb interaction, charge density wave (CDW), scattering and 3-D effects etc.
基金This work wasfinancially supported bythe National Institute of Science and Technology,Berhampur,Odisha,India
文摘A series of novel low band gap donor-acceptor （D-A） type organic co-polymers （BT-F-TPA, BT-CZ-TPA and BT-SI-TPA） consisting of electron-deficient acceptor blocks both in main chains （M1） and at the pendant （M2） were polymerized with different electron rich donor （M3-M5） blocks, i.e., 9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene, N-alkyl-2,7-carbazole, and 2,6-dithinosilole, respectively, via Suzuki method. These polymers exhibited relatively low band gaps （1.65-1.88 eV） and broad absorption ranges （680-740 nm）. Bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells incorporating these polymers as electron donors, blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PC61BM） or [6,6]-phenyl-Cvl-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as electron-acceptors in different weight ratios were fabricated and tested under 100 mW/cm2 of AM 1.5 with white-light illumination. The photovoltaic device containing donor BT-SI-TPA and acceptor PC71BM in 1：2 weight ratio showed the best power conversion efficiency （PCE） value of 1.88%, with open circuit voltage （Voc） = 0.75 V, short circuit current density （Jsc） = 7.60 mA/cm2, and fill factor （FF） = 33.0%.
