Elite capture,the“follow-up checks”policy,and the targeted poverty alleviation program:Evidence from rural western China

Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture.China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020.As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports.Since 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been introduced.With the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program.This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"policy.We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA.The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites.Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA.We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"policy.Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer

BACKGROUND As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence,lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety.Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check,information exchange,final accuracy check,reaction(IIFAR)information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer.METHODS This study is a single-centre study.We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022.These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups,with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol.The differences in psychological distress,anxiety and depression,life quality,fatigue,and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups,and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed.RESULTS After the intervention,Distress Thermometer,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)for anxiety and the HADS for depression,Revised Piper’s Fatigue Scale,and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQ-C30),Internal Health Locus of Control,and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group,and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression,psychological distress,and fatigue,improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology,and enhancing their life qualities.

Lower Incidence of Positive Gynecological Cancers in Examinees of a Unique Health Check-Up Institute, Ningen Dock in Japan, 2011-2016

The present study aims to determine the gynecologic health status of asymptomatic women at a unique Japanese Health Check-up Institute, Ningen Dock. Medical records of Japanese women, who underwent gynecological medical (health) examinations between January 2011 and December 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Of the cervical smears from 8927 women aged 18 - 85 years, 50 (0.6%) were classified as dysplastic and malignant changes: 18 of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 10 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 21 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma. No case of cervical adenocarcinoma was found. Ultrasonographic examination detected uterus enlargements and ovary tumors in 2.0% and 0.9% of cases, respectively. Most of participants (95.6%) revealed no gynecologic abnormalities. The present study based on the records of Ningen Dock, where asymptomatic participants undergo a medical examination at their own expense, showed very low incidence of abnormal cytologic and/or ultrasonographic findings.

Trends in age distribution of participants in a self-covered and a public expense-covered health check-up programs in Japan

Objective: In Japan, there are unique facilities (namely Ningen Dock) of health check-up, where asymptomatic participants undergo a medical examination at their own expense. The earlier occurrence of cervical cancer and the concern on screening prompted us compare to the age distribution in the self-covered system with that of free physical check-up programs at public expense. Methods: We analyzed medical records of Japanese women, who underwent gynecological examinations at self-covered expense and at public expense between for the periods 2002-2011 and 2005-2009, respectively, restricting examinee’s age group. Results: For self-covered system, approximately 80% of the overall examinee population was occupied with three age groups 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. The participants was extremely fewer in the over 60 years age group accounting for 10%, compared to those for the public expense-covered system, the over 60 years age group being 25%. Participant under the age of 30 years seemed to increase in chronological order in both systems. Conclusion: The level of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections may contribute to screening promotion for the younger women, while the elderly over 60 years’ attitudes toward screening may be mainly related to social-economic status and/or public expense support.

A Spatialization-based Method for Checking and Updating Metadata

In this paper the application of spatialization technology on metadata quality check and updating was dis-cussed. A new method based on spatialization was proposed for checking and updating metadata to overcome the defi-ciency of text based methods with the powerful functions of spatial query and analysis provided by GIS software. Thismethod employs the technology of spatialization to transform metadata into a coordinate space and the functions ofspatial analysis in GIS to check and update spatial metadata in a visual environment. The basic principle and technicalflow of this method were explained in detail, and an example of implementation using ArcMap of GIS software wasillustrated with a metadata set of digital raster maps. The result shows the new method with the support of interactionof graph and text is much more intuitive and convenient than the ordinary text based method, and can fully utilize thefunctions of GIS spatial query and analysis with more accuracy and efficiency.

check,check on和check up on

check,check on 和 check up on 都包含“检查”、“核对”的意义。例如:1.checkI have checked your answers and none of them are correct.我检查了你的答案,没有一个正确。When I checked my shopping list I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.我核对购物单时发现忘记买蛋了。

Serum Uric Acid Level Has Stronger Correlations with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Markers in Women than in Men in a Japanese Health Check-Up Population

Background A serum uric acid (UA) level of 7.0 mg/dL has been used as the criterion for hyperuricemia in Japan regardless of gender, despite higher serum UA levels in men than in women. Serum UA has been identified as a predictive biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MetS);however, the gender differences in the association between UA levels and MetS-related conditions in a Japanese population have not been completely assessed. Objective To examine gender and age differences in the associations between serum UA levels and other biomarkers within a health-screened Japanese population and to evaluate the usefulness of serum UA as a predictor of MetS between the two genders. Methods A cross-sectional study of healthy individuals in Japan (16,391 men;16,656 women) was conducted. Associations between UA and several biomarkers were analyzed for each gender type and for age- and serum UA level-stratified groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of age and serum UA levels with MetS-related conditions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the UA cut-off value for predicting the risk of the MetS-related conditions. Results Serum UA levels in women had stronger correlations with MetS-related biomarkers than in men. After adjusting for age, the odds ratios for a 1-mg/dL serum UA increase for diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women were 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 - 1.23) and 1.30 (1.25 - 1.34), respectively. In ROC analysis, women had significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) values for MetS prediction than men. Conclusion An elevated serum UA level has a higher predictive ability for the risk of MetS-related conditions in Japanese women than in men. The optimal serum UA cut-off value for MetS in women was suggested to be approximately 5 mg/dL, remarkably lower than that in men.

The Design of Circuit for Checking Short in HT-7U Superconducting Tokamak Device

The tokamak HT-7U project has been funded as a Chinese national project since 1998. The main object of the project is to build a nuclear fusion experimental device with divertor configuration, which is designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). It is a full superconducting device, consisting of superconducting toroidal field (TF) coils and superconducting poloidal field (PF) coil. During the operation of the device, the operational parameter of device should be checked by technical diagnosis. This paper describes the design of circuit for checldng short between every two parts of the HT7U device. The main contents of design include circuit of data acquisition and data processing of computer.

Credit Checking Market Setting up Gradually in China

This paper describes the present condition of credit checking industry and the market of Chinese, elaborates what has restricted Chinese credit development, presents the possible credit products of current Chinese credit checking market, forecasts the profits of credit checking service in China, and indicates the strategic steps of operation on credit checking service in China. ＂Credit＂ is one of the most popular words in the last two years in China, every thing related to credit will heat up, and the credit management is also becoming a burgeoning industry and comes to front. The development of economy has called for construction of the social credit system, which brings great business opportunities to the credit management agency. Therefore, the government, the industry and the private focus on this wealth dinner. Once deeming it as a great opportunity some far-sighted men bravely begin to take tough practice in the huge market. From then on, some credit management companies have come into being a part of the credit checking agent industry.

Computation Tree Logic Model Checking of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Fuzzy Epistemic Interpreted Systems

Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.

Arc CHECK在乳腺癌螺旋断层放疗计划剂量验证中的应用

目的:探讨Arc CHECK旋转调强剂量验证系统在乳腺癌螺旋断层放疗(Helical Tomotherapy,HT)计划剂量验证中的应用可行性。方法:将20例乳腺癌HT计划移植到Arc CHECK系统进行调强放射治疗(Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy,IMRT)计划剂量验证,得到的验证结果与HT计划在其模体中计算获得的平面剂量分布进行比较。剂量验证结果分析采用Gamma分析法,并采用多种标准进行评估。结果:20例乳腺癌病例在阈值水平(Threshold,TH)为10%,3%/3 mm、3%/4 mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的病例数分别占总例数的40%、55%、80%;TH水平为15%,3%/3 mm、3%/4 mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的比例分别为40%、55%、85%,TH水平为20%,3%/3 mm、3%/4mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的比例分别为40%、60%、85%。当评估标准为5%/5 mm时,γ通过率超过90%的比例为100%。靶区剂量均匀性指数(HI),瘤床的同步追量,靶区边界内缩至皮缘下及淋巴结情况对γ通过率无影响(P>0.05)。模体中心偏离x负方向大于4 cm的11例病例中,仅有2例验证结果达到3%/3 mm(TH=10),比例为18%;模体中心偏离x正方向大于4 cm的9例病例中,有6例验证结果达到3%/3 mm(TH=10),比例为66.7%。结论:Arc CHECK旋转调强验证系统可用于乳腺癌HT计划剂量验证,有效地简化了HT剂量验证的流程,但验证模体中心与机器等中心偏移关系对验证通过率的影响仍需配合第三方验证系统作进一步研究。

非晶硅电子射野影像系统与ArcCHECK在直肠癌容积旋转调强剂量验证中的应用

目的:比较非晶硅电子射野影像系统(a-Si EPID)与旋转照射剂量验证仪器(Arc CHECK)在直肠癌容积旋转调强(VMAT)剂量验证中的应用。方法:随机选取20例直肠癌VMAT病例,分别设计a-Si EPID与Arc CHECK的验证计划,并在UNIQUE加速器上进行验证。采用γ分析方法(3 mm,3%)比较两种不同验证工具的相对剂量与绝对剂量通过率、X和Y方向的profile。结果:Arc CHECK的绝对剂量通过率为(97.73±1.98)%,相对剂量通过率为(96.96±2.34)%;aSi EPID的绝对剂量通过率为(97.58±1.88)%,相对剂量通过率为(98.13±1.47)%。X、Y方向的profile理论值与实测值很相近,理论剂量分布图与实测计算剂量分布图在高低剂量点分布上重合度较高。结论:Arc CHECK和a-Si EPID的验证结果在剂量学上没有明显差异,两者在直肠癌VMAT剂量验证中都是可行的,但a-Si EPID操作简单、使用方便、显示剂量即时,可以更便捷地进行VMAT剂量验证。

淤地坝与check dam的差异及其英文译法

淤地坝是黄土高原重要水土流失治理工程措施,对减少入黄泥沙、增加耕地面积发挥了重要作用。关于淤地坝英文翻译,普遍采用check dam,然而其并不能真实反映黄土高原水土保持工程建设实际情况,因此,笔者从目的、功能、尺寸等方面,系统对比黄土高原淤地坝与国外check dam的差异。在此基础上,建议采用淤地坝汉语拼音“Yudiba dam”表达这类大量分布在黄土高原可在拦截泥沙、减少沟道侵蚀、增加耕地面积的水土保持工程措施,从而明确其与国外check dam的区分。

基于SHEL模型的check list表管理在新型冠状病毒核酸标本采集不良事件防范管理中的应用

目的评价编制的check list表在新型冠状病毒核酸咽拭子标本采集不良事件防范管理中的应用效果。方法以SHEL模型为指导,通过专家函询,制定出核酸咽拭子标本采集过程中有潜在风险的不良事件防范check list表,采用跟班督查、现场提问、问卷星考核等方式逐条进行整改,评价整改前3个月和整改后3个月不良事件发生率、咽拭子标本采集合格率、核酸检验人员对护理工作满意度的差异。结果采用check list表进行核查、追踪、整改后,不良事件发生率从0.13%下降至0.02%,标本采集合格率从88.55%提高到93.37%,整改前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),检验科人员对护理工作的满意度有很大提高。结论以SHEL模型为指导的check list表制定,能为护理不良事件的防范管理提供全面的指导,有利于提高护理质量,值得推广应用。

基于CHECK方式联锁系统的设计与实现

针对城市轨道交通包括地铁、轻轨等信号系统的特点 ,研制了 CHECK方式的列车运行控制系统 [1 ]。CHECK方式列车自动控制系统包括 CHECK方式调度监督系统 ,CHECK方式闭塞系统和 CHECK方式联锁系统。本文详细分析 CHECK方式联锁系统的基本原理 。

ArcCHECK用于VMAT计划剂量的验证

目的研究Arc CHECK验证系统用于VMAT计划剂量验证的通过率。方法随机选取临床头颈部肿瘤、乳腺癌、宫颈癌的VMAT治疗患者各30例,将通过临床剂量要求的计划传至MOSAIQ网络系统进行网络排程,同时将各计划剂量移植到Arc CHECK模体中进行重新计算得到模体中剂量分布。分析在阈值水平(TH)为10%时,Gamma方法 3%/3 mm的情况下的计划验证通过率。结果在阈值水平(TH)为10%时,Gamma分析方法 3%/3 mm,不同病种下的VMAT计划的相对剂量通过率平均值都在95%以上,绝对剂量的平均通过率在93%以上。结论 Arc CHECK三维验证系统能满足临床VMAT计划剂量验证要求,而且在验证中无须将机架角度等归零,计划验证的准确性更好。

Check list表单在ICU连续性血液净化患者上机管理中的应用

目的:探讨Check list表单在ICU连续性血液净化患者上机管理中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年1~6月行床旁连续性血液净化50例患者作为对照组,采用传统流程;将7~12月行床旁连续性血液净化治疗66例患者为观察组,使用check list表单进行用物准备、管路安装及上机过程的管理。比较两组行血液净化时用物准备和管路安装时间、正确率,上机过程规范流程执行率,医生对护理工作的满意度的差异。结果:观察组较对照组用物准备和管路安装时间明显缩短、正确率明显上升,提高了规范操作的依从性(P<0.01),医生对护理工作的满意度观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:床旁连续性血液净化过程中使用check list表单,缩短了护士用物准备和管路安装的时间,提高了工作效率,减少了安全隐患,保证了患者的安全,提高了规范上机操作流程的依从性,提高医生对护理工作的满意度。

My Life Check在冠心病患者健康生活方式干预中的应用

目的探讨美国心脏协会的My Life Check在线评估系统对冠心病患者健康生活方式干预的影响以及其在心脏健康指数评价中的应用效果。方法将心内科随诊的121例冠心病患者用随机数字表分成两组,观察组63例、对照组58例,两组均使用My Life Check其中的Life’s simple 7调查表进行心脏健康调查,观察组根据My Life Check给出的相应健康生活方式指导措施进行干预,对照组常规宣教,并于1个月后对两组患者再次进行心脏健康指数评估。结果观察组及对照组干预后心脏健康指数均明显高于干预前(P<0.05),但干预后观察组较对照组心脏健康指数改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论 My Life Check评估干预能有效改善冠心病患者的健康生活方式。

Completeness of bounded model checking temporal logic of knowledge

In order to find the completeness threshold which offers a practical method of making bounded model checking complete, the over-approximation for the complete threshold is presented. First, a linear logic of knowledge is introduced into the past tense operator, and then a new temporal epistemic logic LTLKP is obtained, so that LTLKP can naturally and precisely describe the system＇s reliability. Secondly, a set of prior algorithms are designed to calculate the maximal reachable depth and the length of the longest of loop free paths in the structure based on the graph structure theory. Finally, some theorems are proposed to show how to approximate the complete threshold with the diameter and recurrence diameter. The proposed work resolves the completeness threshold problem so that the completeness of bounded model checking can be guaranteed.