例谈《牛津初中英语》Check out课型的教学

文章结合课改实践和作者一节市级同课异构公开课的教学案例,从教学理念和实践的角度探讨了Check out课型中的教学价值和教学方法。把一种原本枯燥的词汇、语法以及写作等的复习课型,以新的视角呈现、贯穿在学生一系列的探究活动中,让学生感觉像是开了一场快乐的party。

Identifying Counterexamples Without Variability in Software Product Line Model Checking

Product detection based on state abstraction technologies in the software product line(SPL)is more complex when compared to a single system.This variability constitutes a new complexity,and the counterexample may be valid for some products but spurious for others.In this paper,we found that spurious products are primarily due to the failure states,which correspond to the spurious counterexamples.The violated products correspond to the real counterexamples.Hence,identifying counterexamples is a critical problem in detecting violated products.In our approach,we obtain the violated products through the genuine counterexamples,which have no failure state,to avoid the tedious computation of identifying spurious products dealt with by the existing algorithm.This can be executed in parallel to improve the efficiency further.Experimental results showthat our approach performswell,varying with the growth of the system scale.By analyzing counterexamples in the abstract model,we observed that spurious products occur in the failure state.The approach helps in identifying whether a counterexample is spurious or genuine.The approach also helps to check whether a failure state exists in the counterexample.The performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach helps significantly in improving the efficiency of abstraction-based SPL model checking.

Computation Tree Logic Model Checking of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Fuzzy Epistemic Interpreted Systems

Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer

BACKGROUND As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence,lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety.Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check,information exchange,final accuracy check,reaction(IIFAR)information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer.METHODS This study is a single-centre study.We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022.These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups,with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol.The differences in psychological distress,anxiety and depression,life quality,fatigue,and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups,and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed.RESULTS After the intervention,Distress Thermometer,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)for anxiety and the HADS for depression,Revised Piper’s Fatigue Scale,and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQ-C30),Internal Health Locus of Control,and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group,and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression,psychological distress,and fatigue,improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology,and enhancing their life qualities.

层厚对使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测CT模拟机的影响

目的探讨层厚大小对使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测放疗CT模拟机数据结果的影响。方法对1台西门子Sensation Open CT模拟机,使用6种放疗扫描协议扫描1套CT/SIM Check模体,扫描完成后重建1.5、2、3、4和5 mm共5种层厚的CT图像序列。使用iQA软件对这些CT图像序列进行自动分析并生成报表,对报表上的质控数据结果进行分析和比较。结果通过对报表数据进行分析,得到了6种扫描协议和5种层厚情形下22种参数的质控数据,对5种不同层厚的数据计算得到了相应的四分位数间距值。由数据结果可见,HU均一性和插件4内标准差的数据随层厚的增加而减小;扫描中心纵向坐标的数值随层厚的增加有下降的趋势;线宽比-灵敏度截面的数据随层厚的增加而变大。结论使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测CT模拟机,层厚对HU均一性、插件4内标准差、扫描中心纵向坐标和线宽比-灵敏度截面的质控数据结果有较大影响,对其他参数的数据也有不同程度的影响。本研究为物理师使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测放疗CT模拟机的质控工作,提供了有益的数据参考。

Applications of the isolated-check visual evoked potential in primary open angle glaucoma with or without high myopia

AIM:To explore the diagnostic performance of isolatedcheck visual evoked potential(ic VEP)for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in both highly myopic and nonhighly myopic populations and compare it with those of optical coherence tomography(OCT)and Heidelberg retinal tomography(HRT)parameters.METHODS:A total of 126 participants were recruited,including 31 highly myopic participants with POAG(HM-POAG),36 non-highly myopic participants with POAG(NHM-POAG),25 highly myopic participants without POAG(HM)and 34 controls without high myopia(Normal).All the participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)was used to assess the ic VEP.Both qualitative and quantitative diagnostic performances of OCT,HRT and the ic VEP were analyzed and compared.RESULTS:Based on the criterion of SNR≤1,the diagnostic performance of the ic VEP in highly myopic subjects[area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)=0.862]was better than that in non-highly myopic subjects(AUC=0.789),and the SNR had fairly good specificity.In distinguishing the HM-POAG and HM groups,the AUC of the SNR was not different from those of the OCT and HRT parameters(P>0.05)in either the qualitative or quantitative comparison.In the qualitative analysis,the ic VEP showed good consistency with damage to the central 10°of the visual field(kappa=0.695-0.747,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The ic VEP has the potential to discriminate individuals with and without POAG,especially in populations with high myopia.

Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks:A Case Study of a Typical Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Check-dam construction is an effective and widely used method for sediment trapping in the Yellow River Basin and other places over the world that are prone to severe soil erosion.Quantitative estimations of the dynamic sediment trapped by check dams are necessary for evaluating the effects of check dams and planning the construction of new ones.In this study,we propose a new framework,named soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)–dynamic check dam(DCDam),for modeling the sediment trapped by check dams dynamically,by integrating the widely utilized SWAT model and a newly developed module called DCDam.We then applied this framework to a typical loess watershed,the Yan River Basin,to assess the time-varying effects of check-dam networks over the past 60 years(1957–2016).The DCDam module generated a specific check-dam network to conceptualize the complex connections at each time step(monthly).In addition,the streamflow and sediment load simulated by using the SWAT model were employed to force the sediment routing in the check-dam network.The evaluation results revealed that the SWAT-DCDam framework performed satisfactorily,with an overestimation of 11.50%,in simulating sediment trapped by check dams,when compared with a field survey of the accumulated sediment deposition.For the Yan River Basin,our results indicated that the designed structural parameters of check dams have evolved over the past 60 years,with higher dams(37.14%and 9.22%increase for large dams and medium dams,respectively)but smaller controlled areas(46.03%and 10.56%decrease for large dams and medium dams,respectively)in recent years.Sediment retained by check dams contributed to approximately 15.00%of the total sediment load reduction in the Yan River during 1970–2016.Thus,our developed framework can be a promising tool for evaluating check-dam effects,and this study can provide valuable information and support to decision-making for soil and water conservation and check-dam planning and management.

Check dam extraction from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis:A case study in the Yanhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau,China

Check dams are widely used on the Loess Plateau in China to control soil and water losses,develop agricultural land,and improve watershed ecology.Detailed information on the number and spatial distribution of check dams is critical for quantitatively evaluating hydrological and ecological effects and planning the construction of new dams.Thus,this study developed a check dam detection framework for broad areas from high-resolution remote sensing images using an ensemble approach of deep learning and geospatial analysis.First,we made a sample dataset of check dams using GaoFen-2(GF-2)and Google Earth images.Next,we evaluated five popular deep-learning-based object detectors,including Faster R-CNN,You Only Look Once(version 3)(YOLOv3),Cascade R-CNN,YOLOX,and VarifocalNet(VFNet),to identify the best one for check dam detection.Finally,we analyzed the location characteristics of the check dams and used geographical constraints to optimize the detection results.Precision,recall,average precision at intersection over union(IoU)threshold of 0.50(AP_(50)),IoU threshold of 0.75(AP_(75)),and average value for 10 IoU thresholds ranging from 0.50-0.95 with a 0.05 step(AP_(50-95)),and inference time were used to evaluate model performance.All the five deep learning networks could identify check dams quickly and accurately,with AP_(50-95),AP_(50),and AP_(75)values higher than 60.0%,90.0%,and 70.0%,respectively,except for YOLOv3.The VFNet had the best performance,followed by YOLOX.The proposed framework was tested in the Yanhe River Basin and yielded promising results,with a recall rate of 87.0%for 521 check dams.Furthermore,the geographic analysis deleted about 50%of the false detection boxes,increasing the identification accuracy of check dams from 78.6%to 87.6%.Simultaneously,this framework recognized 568 recently constructed check dams and small check dams not recorded in the known check dam survey datasets.The extraction results will support efficient watershed management and guide future studies on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.

Fast clogging problem of open check dams and a new type suggestion:curved footed type open check dam

Driftwood is one of the important physical components in mountainous rivers which causes severe hazards due to the clogging of bridges,culverts,and narrow sections during floods.Therefore,the understanding of driftwood dynamics and mitigation measures are crucial for managing wood in rivers.Open check dams are the most commonly used engineering measure for preventing driftwood from reaching downstream areas.Nevertheless,these open check dams frequently lose their sediment transport function when they are blocked by sediment and driftwood,especially during major flood events.This paper proposes a new type of open check dam for preventing from clogging.Thus,flume experiments were conducted to examine the influence of different types of open check dams on the characteristics of driftwood deposition.For the model with wood length(LWD)=16.5 cm,wood diameter(D)=15 mm,and wood number(N)=172,the highest trapping efficiency was observed with 90.1%and 87.2%retention rates for the classical debris flow breaker and curved footed open check dams,respectively.Laboratory tests showed that through this proposed design,woody debris blockage in a very short time was prevented from the accumulation of woods beside the dam.In addition to this,most of the sediment passed through the check dam and most of the driftwood got trapped.It can be briefly stated that the geometrical design of the structure plays an important role and can be chosen carefully to optimize trapping efficiency.By designing this type of open check dams in mountain river basins,it may provide a better understanding of the driftwood accumulation and basis for the optimal design of these structures.Further development of the solution proposed in this work can pave the way for designing different types of open check dams for effective flood management.

Flood risk assessment of check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed on the Loess Plateau of China

Check dams have been widely used in China’s Loess Plateau region due to their effectiveness in erosion and flood control.However,the safety and stability of the check dam decrease with the operation process,which increases the probability of dam failure during flood events and threatens local residents’ life and property.Thus,this study simulated flood process of the check dam failure in the Wangmaogou watershed in Yulin City,Shaanxi Province,China,calculated different types of inundation losses based on the flood inundation area within the watershed,and determined the number of key flood protection check dams by classifying the flood risk levels of the check dams.The results showed that 5 dams in the watershed were subject to overtopping during different rainfall return periods,which was related to their flood discharge capacity.Dam failure flood process showed a rapid growth trend followed by slow decrease,and the time of flood peak advanced with increase in the return period.After harmonization of evaluation scales,the magnitude of flood inundation losses can be ranked as:economic losses(212.409 million yuan) > life losses(10.368 million yuan) > ecological losses(6.433 million yuan).The risk value for both individual dams and the whole dam system decreases as the return period increases.The number of key flood protection check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed was 2,3,3,3,4,and 5 for floods with return periods of 10,20,30,50,100,and 200 years,respectively.The results provided a theoretical basis for the safe operation and risk evaluation of check dams in the Loess Plateau Hills watershed.

Sediment sources and their impacts on a check dam-controlled watershed, Loess Plateau, China

Soil erosion is a major issue in Loess Plateau,China,and quantitative analyses of sediment sources are crucial for soil erosion control.In this study,a combination of flood couplet analysis and composite fingerprint identification was used for historical reconstructions of soil erosion in sediment source areas in Loess Plateau.Each flood couplet was constructed based on sediment 137Cs activity,and past soil erosion was calculated using soil bulk density and storage capacity curves.The contribution rates of the sediment sources were calculated using the fingerprinting method,and the amount of erosion in the sediment source areas was estimated.The best fingerprint combination(Cr,Ni,V,and TOC)enabled a 97.2%recognition of sediment sources from 29 flood events(1956–1990)in the Loess Plateau.The contribution rates of gullies,farmland,grassland,and shrubland were 44.89%,26.38%,10.49%,and 18.24%,respectively.These four land use types contributed 1,227,751,512,and 279 tons of sediments,respectively.Re-vegetation decreased soil erosion(1966–1983),whereas deforestation increased soil erosion(1956–1965 and 1984–1990).Rational soil and water conservation measures on slopes and check dam construction in gullies are therefore suggested to mitigate erosion.

Study on Problems and Countermeasures in the Management of Spot Check of Chinese Herbal Pieces

Objective To provide suggestions for optimizing the sampling management of Chinese herbal pieces and improving the quality Chinese herbal pieces.Methods Logical reasoning method was used to analyze the problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces based on the data of drug quality published by the National Medical Products Administration from 2013 to 2021,combined with the current provisions and implementation of drug spot check management in China.Results and Conclusion At present,there are some problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces,such as fewer varieties of Chinese herbal pieces in the national drug spot check,the unreasonable sampling links,the insufficient territorial management in some areas,and error-prone sample extraction.It is suggested that the actual quantity and overall quality of Chinese herbal pieces should be fully considered in the formulation of sampling plan.Besides,the variety coverage of drug spot check of traditional Chinese medicine should be strengthened.In the planning,the sampling links shall be made as a whole,and the credit rating and distribution of drug production,operation and use units within the jurisdiction shall be fully combined.While strengthening the sampling management at the production end in areas with concentrated industries,regional special drug spot check should be carried out or the administrative forces at the provincial,municipal and county levels should be fully mobilized to avoid local protection.In the assigned tasks,the name of Chinese herbal pieces should be accurately expressed to avoid the sampling errors of Chinese herbal pieces with the same original medicinal materials and different processing methods.

Review of Software Model-Checking Techniques for Dealing with Error Detection in Program Codes

Debugging software code has been a challenge for software developers since the early days of computer programming. A simple need, because the world is run by software. So perhaps the biggest engineering challenge is finding ways to make software more reliable. This review provides an overview of techniques developed over time in the field of software model checking to solve the problem of detecting errors in program code. In addition, the challenges posed by this technology are discussed and ways to mitigate them in future research and applications are proposed. A comprehensive examination of the various model verification methods used to detect program code errors is intended to lay the foundation for future research in this area.

Arc CHECK在乳腺癌螺旋断层放疗计划剂量验证中的应用

目的:探讨Arc CHECK旋转调强剂量验证系统在乳腺癌螺旋断层放疗(Helical Tomotherapy,HT)计划剂量验证中的应用可行性。方法:将20例乳腺癌HT计划移植到Arc CHECK系统进行调强放射治疗(Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy,IMRT)计划剂量验证,得到的验证结果与HT计划在其模体中计算获得的平面剂量分布进行比较。剂量验证结果分析采用Gamma分析法,并采用多种标准进行评估。结果:20例乳腺癌病例在阈值水平(Threshold,TH)为10%,3%/3 mm、3%/4 mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的病例数分别占总例数的40%、55%、80%;TH水平为15%,3%/3 mm、3%/4 mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的比例分别为40%、55%、85%,TH水平为20%,3%/3 mm、3%/4mm、3%/5 mm的γ通过率超过90%的比例分别为40%、60%、85%。当评估标准为5%/5 mm时,γ通过率超过90%的比例为100%。靶区剂量均匀性指数(HI),瘤床的同步追量,靶区边界内缩至皮缘下及淋巴结情况对γ通过率无影响(P>0.05)。模体中心偏离x负方向大于4 cm的11例病例中,仅有2例验证结果达到3%/3 mm(TH=10),比例为18%;模体中心偏离x正方向大于4 cm的9例病例中,有6例验证结果达到3%/3 mm(TH=10),比例为66.7%。结论:Arc CHECK旋转调强验证系统可用于乳腺癌HT计划剂量验证,有效地简化了HT剂量验证的流程,但验证模体中心与机器等中心偏移关系对验证通过率的影响仍需配合第三方验证系统作进一步研究。

非晶硅电子射野影像系统与ArcCHECK在直肠癌容积旋转调强剂量验证中的应用

目的:比较非晶硅电子射野影像系统(a-Si EPID)与旋转照射剂量验证仪器(Arc CHECK)在直肠癌容积旋转调强(VMAT)剂量验证中的应用。方法:随机选取20例直肠癌VMAT病例,分别设计a-Si EPID与Arc CHECK的验证计划,并在UNIQUE加速器上进行验证。采用γ分析方法(3 mm,3%)比较两种不同验证工具的相对剂量与绝对剂量通过率、X和Y方向的profile。结果:Arc CHECK的绝对剂量通过率为(97.73±1.98)%,相对剂量通过率为(96.96±2.34)%;aSi EPID的绝对剂量通过率为(97.58±1.88)%,相对剂量通过率为(98.13±1.47)%。X、Y方向的profile理论值与实测值很相近,理论剂量分布图与实测计算剂量分布图在高低剂量点分布上重合度较高。结论:Arc CHECK和a-Si EPID的验证结果在剂量学上没有明显差异,两者在直肠癌VMAT剂量验证中都是可行的,但a-Si EPID操作简单、使用方便、显示剂量即时,可以更便捷地进行VMAT剂量验证。

基于SHEL模型的check list表管理在新型冠状病毒核酸标本采集不良事件防范管理中的应用

目的评价编制的check list表在新型冠状病毒核酸咽拭子标本采集不良事件防范管理中的应用效果。方法以SHEL模型为指导,通过专家函询,制定出核酸咽拭子标本采集过程中有潜在风险的不良事件防范check list表,采用跟班督查、现场提问、问卷星考核等方式逐条进行整改,评价整改前3个月和整改后3个月不良事件发生率、咽拭子标本采集合格率、核酸检验人员对护理工作满意度的差异。结果采用check list表进行核查、追踪、整改后,不良事件发生率从0.13%下降至0.02%,标本采集合格率从88.55%提高到93.37%,整改前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),检验科人员对护理工作的满意度有很大提高。结论以SHEL模型为指导的check list表制定,能为护理不良事件的防范管理提供全面的指导,有利于提高护理质量,值得推广应用。

淤地坝与check dam的差异及其英文译法

淤地坝是黄土高原重要水土流失治理工程措施,对减少入黄泥沙、增加耕地面积发挥了重要作用。关于淤地坝英文翻译,普遍采用check dam,然而其并不能真实反映黄土高原水土保持工程建设实际情况,因此,笔者从目的、功能、尺寸等方面,系统对比黄土高原淤地坝与国外check dam的差异。在此基础上,建议采用淤地坝汉语拼音“Yudiba dam”表达这类大量分布在黄土高原可在拦截泥沙、减少沟道侵蚀、增加耕地面积的水土保持工程措施,从而明确其与国外check dam的区分。

一种用于智能零售视觉结算的增量学习方法

为了解决智能零售视觉结算任务中的增量学习问题,提出一个新颖的基于数据增广的三元组模型,由合成网络、渲染网络和检测网络组成。合成网络与渲染网络协同学习,将单品示例图像以数据增广方式生成分布接近真实数据的渲染视觉结算图像。在增量学习阶段,原有产品和新产品的示例图像协同学习,生成包含新产品的结算图像。所有渲染视觉结算图像被用于训练检测网络,训练好的模型能同时识别原有产品和新产品。试验结果表明,该模型具有相较于现有增量学习方法更优异的对抗灾难性遗忘能力,增量后的结算准确率为64.90%,遗忘率为3.63%,优于现有最佳方法的4.38%。

基于CHECK方式联锁系统的设计与实现

针对城市轨道交通包括地铁、轻轨等信号系统的特点 ,研制了 CHECK方式的列车运行控制系统 [1 ]。CHECK方式列车自动控制系统包括 CHECK方式调度监督系统 ,CHECK方式闭塞系统和 CHECK方式联锁系统。本文详细分析 CHECK方式联锁系统的基本原理 。

ArcCHECK用于VMAT计划剂量的验证

目的研究Arc CHECK验证系统用于VMAT计划剂量验证的通过率。方法随机选取临床头颈部肿瘤、乳腺癌、宫颈癌的VMAT治疗患者各30例,将通过临床剂量要求的计划传至MOSAIQ网络系统进行网络排程,同时将各计划剂量移植到Arc CHECK模体中进行重新计算得到模体中剂量分布。分析在阈值水平(TH)为10%时,Gamma方法 3%/3 mm的情况下的计划验证通过率。结果在阈值水平(TH)为10%时,Gamma分析方法 3%/3 mm,不同病种下的VMAT计划的相对剂量通过率平均值都在95%以上,绝对剂量的平均通过率在93%以上。结论 Arc CHECK三维验证系统能满足临床VMAT计划剂量验证要求,而且在验证中无须将机架角度等归零,计划验证的准确性更好。