Computational investigation on the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of a traditional Chinese medicine extract MK-1 molecule

MK-1 molecule(C_(16)H_(16)O_(2)),the simplest structure of vitamin K(VK)compound family,is an extract from traditional Chinese medicine Cymbopogon distans(Nees ex Steud.)Wats(Chinese name YunXiangCao),which has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its antiasthmatic,antitussives and expectorant effects.To investigate the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of MK-1 molecule,computational investigations on six conformational minima structures were carried out at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)level of theory.Several local reactivity descriptors including condensed Fukui function,average local ionization energy,and molecular electrostatic potential on each individual atom were determined to predict the intrinsic reactivity of MK-1 molecule.

Computer Handling of Chemical and Biological Data of Traditional Chinese Medicines

A specialty database has been established at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology to handle the chemical and biological data of medicinal plants and other natural products from scientific literatures. Designed as a relational system capable of analyzing, comparing, and correlating data, the system can retrieve information in assimilated tabular formats. The database can provide information supports to researchers in the fields of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, botany and other disciplines of natural products research.

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction（UNE） was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction（UAE） and hydrodistillation（HD） extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.

A Systematic Review on Chemical Constituents of Suanzaoren Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription

Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription Suanzaoren decoction (SZRD) is composed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae rhizoma, Poria and Licorice. It was used to treat central nervous system diseases such as insomnia and anxiety for thousands of years. This paper aims to systematically understand varieties and quantities of compounds and clarify chemical components of SZRD, subsequently to further provide the reference for phytochemistry and pharmacology researches of SZRD. Our results showed that SZRD contained 145 components, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, coumarins, phthalides, and volatile oils, etc., while five-single herbs contain 1104 components. Only in terms of compound number, there were 80 common components in SZRD and its five herbs, which accounted for 6.8% of total compounds in all 5 herbs and 55.2% of compounds in SZRD. The components of SZRD were not simply the sum of one in every single herb. It is necessary to perform parallel studies among SZRD and its herbs. This review discussed the problems that existed in the chemical research of SZRD and pointed out the direction for its further research.

Applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines

In China, traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years. The successful hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and mass spectrometry （MS） has been applied widely in TCMs and biological samples analysis. Undoubtedly, HPLC/MS technique has facilitated the understanding of the treatment mechanism of TCMs. We reviewed more than 350 published papers within the last 5 years on HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. The present review focused on the applications of HPLC/MS in the component analysis, metabolites analysis, and pharmacokinetics of TCMs etc. 50% of the literature is related to the component analysis of TCMs, which show that this field is the most popular type of research. In the metabolites analysis, HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry has been demonstrated to be the powerful tool for the characterization of structural features and fragmentation behavior patterns. This paper presented a brief overview of the applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. HPLC/MS in the fingerprint analysis is reviewed elsewhere.

Characterization of multiple chemical components of GuiLingJi by UHPLC-MS and ^(1)H NMR analysis

GuiLingJi(GLJ),a classic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula,is composed of over 20 herbs,according to the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China.Owing to its various activities,GLJ has been used in clinical settings for more than 400 years in China.However,the ambiguous chemical material basis limits the development of studies on the quality control and pharmacological mechanisms of GLJ.Therefore,comprehensive characterization of the multiple chemical components of GLJ is of great significance for the modernization of this formula.Given the great variety of herbs in GLJ,both UHPLCMS and ^(1)H NMR techniques were employed in this study.In addition,solvent extraction with different polarities was used to eliminate signal interference and the concentration of trace components.A variety of MS analytic methods were also used,including implementation of a self-built compound database,diagnostic ion filtering,mass defect filtering,and Compound Discoverer 3.0 analysis software.Based on the above strategies,a total of 150 compounds were identified,including 5 amino acids,13 phenolic acids and glycosides,11 coumarins,72 flavones,20 triterpenoid and triterpenoid saponins,23 fatty acids,and 6 other compounds.Moreover,13 compounds were identified by ^(1)H NMR spectroscopy.The UHPLC-MS and ^(1)H NMR results supported and complemented each other.This strategy provides a rapid approach to analyzing and identifying the chemical composition of Chinese herbal prescriptions.The current study provides basis for further research on the quality control and pharmacological mechanism of GLJ.

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS的参芪扶正注射液主要成分鉴定及其治疗三阴性乳腺癌的网络药理学研究

目的 应用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术和网络药理学方法,鉴定参芪扶正注射液的主要成分,探究其治疗三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的作用机制,为其药效物质基础研究提供依据。方法 (1)参芪扶正注射液主要成分鉴定:采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术,结合天然产物高分辨质谱数据库及相关文献,明确参芪扶正注射液的主要成分。(2)网络药理学研究:基于中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、中草药化合物蛋白质靶标数据库(HIT)、有机小分子生物活性数据库(PubChem)、化合物靶点预测平台(Swiss Target Prediction)、本草组鉴数据库(HERB)获取参芪扶正注射液主要成分的潜在靶点,利用人类基因综合数据库(GeneCards)、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)、治疗靶点数据库(TTD)获得TNBC疾病潜在靶点,二者相结合得到参芪扶正注射液治疗TNBC的潜在靶点;运用蛋白互作关系数据库(STRING)平台、Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建蛋白互作网络图并进行网络拓扑分析,获得参芪扶正注射液治疗TNBC的关键靶点;运用R语言进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。(3)动物实验验证:制备异种移植瘤乳腺癌小鼠模型,分为模型组与参芪扶正注射液低、中、高剂量(20、40、60 mL/kg)组,干预4周后取肿瘤组织,运用Western blot方法检测肿瘤组织中磷酸化磷脂肌醇3激酶(p-PI3K)、磷脂肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(ABCG2)表达情况,并对预测潜在靶点进行实验验证。结果 (1)参芪扶正注射液的主要成分为党参炔苷、鸟苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、壬二酸、黄芪甲苷、美迪紫檀苷等。(2)网络药理学研究结果显示,参芪扶正注射液的主要成分主要作用于肿瘤蛋白p53(TP53)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、己糖激酶2(HK2)、缺氧诱导因子1亚基α(HIF1A)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9(CASP9)、ABCG2、ATP结合盒转运体B1(ABCB1)、原癌基因(MYC)等关键靶点,调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、T细胞受体等信号通路。(3)动物实验验证结果显示,参芪扶正注射液降低了实验动物肿瘤组织中p-PI3K水平,抑制了P-gp和ABCG2的表达。结论 参芪扶正注射液中的主要成分为党参炔苷、鸟苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、壬二酸、黄芪甲苷、美迪紫檀苷等,其抗TNBC的作用机制与其通过调控PI3K信号通路和调节耐药相关蛋白表达有关。

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Research Progress of Tea Functional Components in the Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer rank first among all malignant tumors,so the prevention and treatment of lung cancer has become a worldwide concern.Tea is one of the most popular healthy drinks in the world.A large number of studies have shown that tea polyphenols,theophylline,tea pigments,theanine,tea polysaccharides and other functional components in tea can promote apoptosis of cancer cells,inhibit proliferation and division of cancer cells,and regulate the expression of tumor-related gene protein through strong antioxidant activity,inhibiting the activity of key enzymes and blocking signal transduction to prevent and treat the occurrence,development and metastasis of lung cancer.In this study,the application of tea in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer was elaborated through the traceability,basic components,basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,anti-lung cancer mechanism,expert opinions and so on,in order to provide direction for the prevention and treatment of tea and lung cancer.

Herbal medicine-derived nanovesicles: basic characteristics and biological activities

Herbal medicine(HM)has been extensively researched and widely used since ancient times.Currently,as one of the emerging directions in HM modernization research,herbal medicine-derived nanovesicles(HMDNV),a type of nanoparticle obtained from destructed plant tissues,hold considerable promise for disease treatment and drug delivery.The recent studies related to HMDNV and miRNAs are summarized in this review,with a special emphasis on their basic characteristics and biological activities,to provide ideas for future scientific research on HMDNV and enrich the content of active components of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).

中药单体靶向mTOR治疗肺癌的研究进展

综述中药单体靶向哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)治疗肺癌的研究进展。mTOR是一种重要的细胞信号通路,参与调控细胞生长、增殖和存活等过程;在肺癌中,mTOR信号通路的异常活化与肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关。研究发现,许多中药单体成分(萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、多酚类、醌类等)具有抑制mTOR信号通路的作用,为开发肺癌新药提供了前期基础。

基于主成分分析法优选半夏散剂粒度范围

目的:探究天南星科植物半夏生品及炮制品的中药散剂粒度对药材质量的影响,并优选出最佳粒度工艺。方法:首先对不同粒度的半夏生品及炮制品散剂中多个活性成分(尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、尿苷、鸟苷)含量进行检测,再利用主成分分析法对检测数据进行处理,计算不同散剂的综合评价指标值,并构建回归模型,通过模型函数优选出不同散剂的最佳粒度。结果:通过分析最终得到的最优散剂粒度为:生半夏散过6号药典筛、市售炮制品过7号药典筛、自制炮制品过9号药典筛。结论:本实验方法可靠,以粒度作为因素,结合成分含量数据基于主成分分析法可作为中药散剂的质量评价标准。

正交偏最小二乘法探析大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎多成分多药效关系

目的/意义分析大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎实验数据,证实多成分多药效关系。方法/过程运用正交偏最小二乘法,分别探析配伍药味、煎煮液的药物成分、血液的药物成分与药效指标的关系。结果/结论配伍药味与药效指标之间、煎煮液的药物成分与药效指标之间、血液的药物成分与药效指标之间均存在一对多、多对一、多对多的作用关系。实验分析结果表明大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎呈现多成分多药效的特点。

早期高血压弦脉脉象特点及其瞬时波强技术参数特征分析

目的:应用瞬时波强(WI)技术探测早期高血压弦脉患者颈总动脉各参数,分析早期高血压弦脉的脉象特点;提取弦脉脉象判别的特征参数,探讨早期高血压弦脉患者颈总动脉WI参数的特点,以期为弦脉的精准分型及信息解读提供客观依据。方法:选择52例早期原发性高血压弦脉、50例生理性弦脉、50例平脉受试者,分析其颈总动脉的WI参数,总结早期高血压弦脉的脉象特点,并运用SIMCA14.1统计软件提取脉象分型的主参数。结果:早期高血压弦脉组与平脉组及生理性弦脉组比较,瞬时加速度波强(W1)、负向波面积(NA)值增高,W1-W2间期降低(均P<0.01);而平脉组与生理性弦脉组W1、NA、W1-W2间期比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。平脉组、生理性弦脉组、早期高血压弦脉组的血管压力应变弹性模量(EP)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)、血管硬化参数(β)数值均逐渐增高(均P<0.01)。平脉组血管顺应性(AC)高于其他2组(均P<0.01),生理性弦脉组AC高于早期高血压弦脉组(P<0.05)。3组R-W1间期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。基于主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA),生理性弦脉组与平脉组样本区分明显,表明2组WI各参数比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),特征性的WI参数[投影重要性(VIP值)>1]为EP、PWV、β、AC,其中贡献率为EP>PWV>β>AC。基于PCA和OPLS-DA,生理性弦脉组与早期高血压弦脉组样本区分明显,表明2组WI各参数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),特征性的WI参数(VIP值>1)为EP、PWV、NA、W1、β,其中贡献率为EP>PWV>NA>W1>β。结论:区分早期高血压弦脉组与生理性弦脉组的WI特征性参数为EP、PWV、β、NA、W1。区分平脉组与生理性弦脉组特征性参数为EP、PWV、β、AC。WI技术可为脉象的精准分型和信息解读提供客观依据,值得进一步推广应用。

中药功效成分在化妆品中的应用

中药成分来源较广、功效多样且副作用小,使其在化妆品领域具有巨大的发展潜力。介绍了常见皮肤问题的修复方式和作用机制,综述了近年来国内外学者对黄酮类、多糖类、萜类等常见中药有效成分的研究进展。最后总结了我国中药在化妆品领域现存的问题并给出相应的改进建议,并对今后中药在化妆品中的发展与进步做出了展望。

病毒性肺炎中药网络药理学初探

病毒性肺炎对全球人民的身体健康构成了极大威胁,中医药在其治疗过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用,目前从分子层面上的作用机制尚不明确。文章聚焦于病毒性肺炎的病症特点及其治疗,探讨中药潜力与网络药理学应用;介绍病毒性肺炎的基本概况、流行病学特征及病理机制;评述中药发展历史和现代研究进展;进一步强调网络药理学在解析中药成分作用机制方面的新视角;结合网络药理学的病毒性肺炎中药研究现状、挑战和未来方向进行概述,旨在推动传统中医药与现代科技整合,创新病毒性肺炎治疗方法。

GC-MS分析大莪术根茎挥发油成分

文章分析了大莪术根茎挥发性成分,并探究不同加工方法对其成分的影响,为大莪术的加工工艺筛选和进一步的研究开发提供实验依据。利用冷冻干燥和真空干燥处理新鲜的大莪术根茎样品,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大莪术挥发油,应用GC毛细管柱进行分离、质谱检测、面积归一化法测定相对含量,分析其挥发性化学成分。由于不同干燥方法加工大莪术根茎挥发油的组分绝大部分相同,但是相对含量存在一定差异。实验证明,大莪术根茎主要含有表莪术呋喃烯酮、β-榄香烯、β-桉叶醇、吉马酮、莪术双环烯酮、蓬莪术环氧酮、莪术烯、β-石竹烯等挥发性成分,均具有一定的生理活性,具有广泛的开发前景。

Integrated Systems Biology and Chemical Biology Approach to Exploring Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicines

After thousands of years of development, traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have evolved into a complete scientific system characterized by multiple components, targets, and pathways, which mediates numerous pharmacological activities and efficacies. The development of ＂-omics＂ technology, including systems biology and network pharmacology, has enabled the illustration of TCMs from a more systematic view. Although the network adequately reflects the overall philosophy of TCMs, its complexity hinders the relevant research to a hover. In addition, the strategies involved appear to be in contrast to the original concise and efficacious disease therapy oriented focus on classic Chinese material medica （CMM）. Based on the established holistic view and reductionism, in this review, we discuss an integrated systems biology and chemical biology research approach that will facilitate and accelerate the understanding of the mechanisms of TCMs. Furthermore, we are optimistic that it will elucidate the associated interactions between active natural products and their targets, and ultimately improve the strategies for complex disease therapies.

Accurate construction of cell membrane biomimetic graphene nanodecoys via purposeful surface engineering to improve screening efficiency of active components of traditional Chinese medicine

Biomimetic nanoengineering presents great potential in biomedical research by integrating cell membrane(CM) with functional nanoparticles. However, preparation of CM biomimetic nanomaterials for custom applications that can avoid the aggregation of nanocarriers while maintaining the biological activity of CM remains a challenge. Herein, a high-performance CM biomimetic graphene nanodecoy was fabricated via purposeful surface engineering, where polyethylene glycol(PEG) was used to modifying magnetic graphene oxide(MGO) to improve its stability in physiological solution, so as to improve the screening efficiency to active components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). With this strategy, the constructed PEGylated MGO(PMGO) could keep stable at least 10 days, thus improving the CM coating efficiency. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of the inherent ability of He La cell membrane(HM) to interact with specific ligands, HM-camouflaged PMGO showed satisfied adsorption capacity(116.2 mg/g) and selectivity. Finally, three potential active components, byakangelicol, imperatorin,and isoimperatorin, were screened from Angelica dahurica, whose potential antiproliferative activity were further validated by pharmacological studies. These results demonstrated that the purposeful surfaceengineering is a promising strategy for the design of efficient CM biomimetic nanomaterials, which will promote the development of active components screening in TCM.

新外来中药非洲马铃果皮的药性研究

目的:分析非洲马铃果皮的中药药性,为促进非洲马铃果作为外来中药引入中国,实现其与传统中药配伍应用提供理论依据。方法:选用科学期刊文献数据库进行检索,对相关文献进行纳入、排除、分类及统计。结合中医药理论探讨非洲马铃果皮的中药药性,总结分析相关历史应用、化学成分、药理活性等研究。结果:非洲马铃果皮为夹竹桃科马铃果属植物非洲马铃果(Voacanga africana Stapf)的根皮和树皮,中药药性为味苦、甘,性凉,归脾、胃、心、肝经,具有清热燥湿、解毒止痢、镇惊安神、止痉止痛之功。可用于热毒血痢、休息痢,呆钝健忘,胃脘痛、睾丸肿痛、痛经、跌打伤痛、惊厥等。水煎服,10~25 g/d,无毒。结论:研究赋予非洲马铃果皮中药药性,可为其引入中医临床并进一步与中药配伍应用奠定理论基础,同时对丰富我国中药资源、促进中医药可持续发展有重要意义。