Large quantities of blast furnace(BF) slag and CO_2 are discharged annually from iron and steel industries, along with a large amount of waste heat.The mineral carbonation of BF slag can not only reduce emissions of s...Large quantities of blast furnace(BF) slag and CO_2 are discharged annually from iron and steel industries, along with a large amount of waste heat.The mineral carbonation of BF slag can not only reduce emissions of solid waste but also realize the in-situ fixation of CO_2 with low energy consumption if integrated with the waste heat utilization.In this study, based on our previous works, Aspen Plus was employed to simulate and optimize the carbonation process and integrate the process energy.The effects of gehlenite extraction, MgSO_4 carbonation,and aluminum ammonium sulfate crystallization were studied systematically.The simulation results demonstrate that 2.57 kg of BF slag can sequester 1 kg of CO_2, requiring 5.34 MJ of energy(3.3 MJ heat and 2.04 MJ electricity), and this energy includes the capture of CO_2 from industrial flue gases.Approximately 60 kg net CO_2 emission reduction could be achieved for the disposal of one ton of BF slag.In addition, the by-product,aluminum ammonium sulfate, is a high value-added product.Preliminary economic analysis indicates that the profit for the whole process is 1127 CNY per ton of BF slag processed.展开更多
The energy utilization consistency method in process integration extracts the key component of process energy utilization, and simplifies the procedure of process analysis and integration. The method allows the conver...The energy utilization consistency method in process integration extracts the key component of process energy utilization, and simplifies the procedure of process analysis and integration. The method allows the conversion of the total process energy integration into a synthesis problem of a pseudo-heat exchanger network. The advantages of using the energy utilization consistency and the pseudo-temperature methods are presented by two examples of integration of large-scale complex processes. The improved genetic algorithm is proved to be an effective tool in the retrofitting procedures.展开更多
This paper makes a study of some technical and engineering aspects by using C2 ＋ hydrocarbon separation facility at Guangdong Dapeng liquefied natural gas （GDLNG） terminal. In the C2＋ hydrocarbon extraction proces...This paper makes a study of some technical and engineering aspects by using C2 ＋ hydrocarbon separation facility at Guangdong Dapeng liquefied natural gas （GDLNG） terminal. In the C2＋ hydrocarbon extraction process, the cold energy contained in LNG will be utilized. In order to ensure the optimum operating conditions of the temlinal and C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility by optimizing the current operating processes of the terminal, the C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility construction plan is proposed. We conducted numerous calculations and simulations using such specific analysis software as PRO II 〈 version 7.0 〉. Additionally available flow data are used to verify the cyclic send-out rates from the terminal, thus establishing the current and future projected load factors. This study is intended to make sure that GDLNG can continue to supply gas via the pipeline system safely without interruptions and most significantly solves the effects of flow fluctuations at the terminal gasification send-out facility on the hydrocarbons extraction, ensuring optimum pipeline operations and ensuring safe and effective means for such C2＋ hydrocarbons extraction process as well. At the same time, the terminal is also in the optimum operation condition. This is very significant to the terminal safety operation and the energy conservation and emission reduction.展开更多
The paper presents a renovation of thermal system design of a power and heat cogeneration device by utilizing the "Process Energy Integration Method". The new alternative obtains prominent energy saving result.
This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of ...This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of trapped gas are expected to be produced not only in the USA but elsewhere providing a wealth of methane and ethane not only used for energy production, but also for conversion to lower hydrocarbon chemicals. This manuscript seeks to focus on the potential of trapped natural gas around the world. The potential new volumes of trapped gas within shale or other mineral strata coming to the marketplace offer a tremendous opportunity if scientists can invent new, cost effective ways to convert this methane to higher value chemicals. Understanding how to selectively break a single C-H bond in methane while minimizing methane conversion to C02 is critical.展开更多
With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently saf...With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.展开更多
Through our newly-developed ＂chemical vapor deposition integrated process （ISVD-IP）＇＂ using carbon OlOXlae （t..u2） as me raw matenal and only carbon source introduced, CO2 could be catalytically activated and c...Through our newly-developed ＂chemical vapor deposition integrated process （ISVD-IP）＇＂ using carbon OlOXlae （t..u2） as me raw matenal and only carbon source introduced, CO2 could be catalytically activated and converted to a new solid-form product, i.e., carbon nanotubes （CO2-derived） at a quite high yield （the single-pass carbon yield in the solid-form carbon-product produced from CO2 catalytic capture and conversion was more than 30% at a single-pass carbon-base）. For comparison, when only pure carbon dioxide was introduced using the conventional CVD method without integrated process, no solid-form carbon-material product could be formed. In the addition of saturated steam at room temperature in the feed for CVD, there were much more end-opening carbon nano-tubes produced, at a slightly higher carbon yield. These inspiring works opened a remarkable and alternative new approach for carbon dioxide catalytic capture to solid-form product, comparing with that of CO2 sequestration （CCS） or CO2 mineralization （solidification）, etc. As a result, there was much less body volume and almost no greenhouse effect for this solid-form carbon-material than those of primitive carbon dioxide.展开更多
Particulate materials possessing dual functionalities have received tremendous investigations in many fields,owing to their superiority over mono-functional counterparts and their potential for process integration and...Particulate materials possessing dual functionalities have received tremendous investigations in many fields,owing to their superiority over mono-functional counterparts and their potential for process integration and intensification.This review focuses on bi-functional catalytic particles which also serve as sorbents/adsorbents or heat suppliers in the scheme of various thermo-chemical processes,enabling inherent separation or energy conservation within single-step operation.Bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and separation including sorption-enhanced hydrogen production and integrated capture and catalytic conversion processes are reviewed in detail,providing insights into material design and key performance indicators.On the other hand,bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and non-thermal radiation heating,including electrothermal and photothermal assisted heterogeneously catalyzed reactions,are also reviewed,with emphasis on the material property and energy efficiency improvement.These bi-functional particles show broad adaptability and feasibility in various reactions operated in integrated and intensified schemes,affording huge potentials for further improving productivity and efficiency in thermo-chemical processes.展开更多
Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in rea...Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in real time found extensive applications in solid-gas interface chemistry. This paper reports the calculation of the core-level binding energy shifts (CLS) using the first-principles density functional theory. The interplay between the CLS calculations and XPS measurements to uncover the structures, adsorption sites and chemical reactions in complex surface chemical processes are highlight. Its application on clean low index (111) and vicinal transition metal surfaces, molecular adsorption in terms of sites and configuration, and reaction kinetics are domonstrated.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2016YFB0600904)
文摘Large quantities of blast furnace(BF) slag and CO_2 are discharged annually from iron and steel industries, along with a large amount of waste heat.The mineral carbonation of BF slag can not only reduce emissions of solid waste but also realize the in-situ fixation of CO_2 with low energy consumption if integrated with the waste heat utilization.In this study, based on our previous works, Aspen Plus was employed to simulate and optimize the carbonation process and integrate the process energy.The effects of gehlenite extraction, MgSO_4 carbonation,and aluminum ammonium sulfate crystallization were studied systematically.The simulation results demonstrate that 2.57 kg of BF slag can sequester 1 kg of CO_2, requiring 5.34 MJ of energy(3.3 MJ heat and 2.04 MJ electricity), and this energy includes the capture of CO_2 from industrial flue gases.Approximately 60 kg net CO_2 emission reduction could be achieved for the disposal of one ton of BF slag.In addition, the by-product,aluminum ammonium sulfate, is a high value-added product.Preliminary economic analysis indicates that the profit for the whole process is 1127 CNY per ton of BF slag processed.
文摘The energy utilization consistency method in process integration extracts the key component of process energy utilization, and simplifies the procedure of process analysis and integration. The method allows the conversion of the total process energy integration into a synthesis problem of a pseudo-heat exchanger network. The advantages of using the energy utilization consistency and the pseudo-temperature methods are presented by two examples of integration of large-scale complex processes. The improved genetic algorithm is proved to be an effective tool in the retrofitting procedures.
文摘This paper makes a study of some technical and engineering aspects by using C2 ＋ hydrocarbon separation facility at Guangdong Dapeng liquefied natural gas （GDLNG） terminal. In the C2＋ hydrocarbon extraction process, the cold energy contained in LNG will be utilized. In order to ensure the optimum operating conditions of the temlinal and C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility by optimizing the current operating processes of the terminal, the C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility construction plan is proposed. We conducted numerous calculations and simulations using such specific analysis software as PRO II 〈 version 7.0 〉. Additionally available flow data are used to verify the cyclic send-out rates from the terminal, thus establishing the current and future projected load factors. This study is intended to make sure that GDLNG can continue to supply gas via the pipeline system safely without interruptions and most significantly solves the effects of flow fluctuations at the terminal gasification send-out facility on the hydrocarbons extraction, ensuring optimum pipeline operations and ensuring safe and effective means for such C2＋ hydrocarbons extraction process as well. At the same time, the terminal is also in the optimum operation condition. This is very significant to the terminal safety operation and the energy conservation and emission reduction.
文摘The paper presents a renovation of thermal system design of a power and heat cogeneration device by utilizing the "Process Energy Integration Method". The new alternative obtains prominent energy saving result.
文摘This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of trapped gas are expected to be produced not only in the USA but elsewhere providing a wealth of methane and ethane not only used for energy production, but also for conversion to lower hydrocarbon chemicals. This manuscript seeks to focus on the potential of trapped natural gas around the world. The potential new volumes of trapped gas within shale or other mineral strata coming to the marketplace offer a tremendous opportunity if scientists can invent new, cost effective ways to convert this methane to higher value chemicals. Understanding how to selectively break a single C-H bond in methane while minimizing methane conversion to C02 is critical.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21606258).
文摘With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.
基金the National 973 Program of Ministry of Sciences and Technologies of China(2011CB201202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20776089)
文摘Through our newly-developed ＂chemical vapor deposition integrated process （ISVD-IP）＇＂ using carbon OlOXlae （t..u2） as me raw matenal and only carbon source introduced, CO2 could be catalytically activated and converted to a new solid-form product, i.e., carbon nanotubes （CO2-derived） at a quite high yield （the single-pass carbon yield in the solid-form carbon-product produced from CO2 catalytic capture and conversion was more than 30% at a single-pass carbon-base）. For comparison, when only pure carbon dioxide was introduced using the conventional CVD method without integrated process, no solid-form carbon-material product could be formed. In the addition of saturated steam at room temperature in the feed for CVD, there were much more end-opening carbon nano-tubes produced, at a slightly higher carbon yield. These inspiring works opened a remarkable and alternative new approach for carbon dioxide catalytic capture to solid-form product, comparing with that of CO2 sequestration （CCS） or CO2 mineralization （solidification）, etc. As a result, there was much less body volume and almost no greenhouse effect for this solid-form carbon-material than those of primitive carbon dioxide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22078106,22008044)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2017A030312005).
文摘Particulate materials possessing dual functionalities have received tremendous investigations in many fields,owing to their superiority over mono-functional counterparts and their potential for process integration and intensification.This review focuses on bi-functional catalytic particles which also serve as sorbents/adsorbents or heat suppliers in the scheme of various thermo-chemical processes,enabling inherent separation or energy conservation within single-step operation.Bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and separation including sorption-enhanced hydrogen production and integrated capture and catalytic conversion processes are reviewed in detail,providing insights into material design and key performance indicators.On the other hand,bi-functional particles applied for integration of reaction and non-thermal radiation heating,including electrothermal and photothermal assisted heterogeneously catalyzed reactions,are also reviewed,with emphasis on the material property and energy efficiency improvement.These bi-functional particles show broad adaptability and feasibility in various reactions operated in integrated and intensified schemes,affording huge potentials for further improving productivity and efficiency in thermo-chemical processes.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20733008, 20873142)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815205)
文摘Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in real time found extensive applications in solid-gas interface chemistry. This paper reports the calculation of the core-level binding energy shifts (CLS) using the first-principles density functional theory. The interplay between the CLS calculations and XPS measurements to uncover the structures, adsorption sites and chemical reactions in complex surface chemical processes are highlight. Its application on clean low index (111) and vicinal transition metal surfaces, molecular adsorption in terms of sites and configuration, and reaction kinetics are domonstrated.
