PM 2.5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–20...PM 2.5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM 2.5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 ± 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 ± 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 ± 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 ± 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 ± 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 ± 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 ± 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.展开更多
In this study,SB216763 and cyclosporine A were identified as anti-influenza A virus(IAV)agents by tran-scriptome signature reversion(TSR)analysis through deep mining of the cellular transcriptome of hu-man airway and ...In this study,SB216763 and cyclosporine A were identified as anti-influenza A virus(IAV)agents by tran-scriptome signature reversion(TSR)analysis through deep mining of the cellular transcriptome of hu-man airway and lung cell lines infected with 3 strains of IAV and the chemical perturbations library.A synergistic effect of SB216763 and cyclosporine A against influenza A was disclosed by quantification of the network-based relationship,which was validated in vitro.Along with burgeoning omics approaches,transcriptome-based drug development is flourishing,which provides a novel insight into antivirals dis-covery with comprehensive cellular transcriptional information of disease and chemical perturbations in multicomponent intervention.This strategy can be applied as a new approach in discovering multitar-get antiviral agents from approved drugs,clinical compounds,natural products or other known bioactive compounds.展开更多
基金sponsored by Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, Castle Peak Power Co. Ltd., the Environ- mental Protection Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Shell Hong Kong Ltd. through Civic Exchange
文摘PM 2.5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM 2.5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 ± 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 ± 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 ± 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 ± 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 ± 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 ± 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 ± 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (Nos. 2021-I2M-1-028 and 2020I2M-2-010)the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines (No. GTZK202109)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473256)the Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (No. BZ0150)the Disciplines Construction Project (No. 201920200802)
文摘In this study,SB216763 and cyclosporine A were identified as anti-influenza A virus(IAV)agents by tran-scriptome signature reversion(TSR)analysis through deep mining of the cellular transcriptome of hu-man airway and lung cell lines infected with 3 strains of IAV and the chemical perturbations library.A synergistic effect of SB216763 and cyclosporine A against influenza A was disclosed by quantification of the network-based relationship,which was validated in vitro.Along with burgeoning omics approaches,transcriptome-based drug development is flourishing,which provides a novel insight into antivirals dis-covery with comprehensive cellular transcriptional information of disease and chemical perturbations in multicomponent intervention.This strategy can be applied as a new approach in discovering multitar-get antiviral agents from approved drugs,clinical compounds,natural products or other known bioactive compounds.