A MICROCOMPUTER ANALYTIC SYSTEM FOR CRYSTAL STRUCTURE USED IN CHEMICAL LABORATORIES

The program system described in this paper is a microcomputer analytic system for X-ray crystal structure used in chemical laboratories.The abbreviated name is NOMCSDP.NOMCSDP has been developed on the basis of NRCVAX and SHELXS-86.It is a software for X- ray crystal structure analysis of organic molecules,especially natural organic molecules(1-7).

Asian Honey Bees Use Trace Amount Chemical to Avoid Danger

While foraging,animals can form inter-and intra-specific social signaling(i.e.one organism using signals to alert another about danger)networks to avoid similar predators.Honey bee sting alarm pheromones are multi-component blends,for instance isopentyl acetate(IPA),octyl acetate(OA),benzyl acetate(BA),etc.However,the

Fabrication of Through Micro-hole Arrays in Silicon Using Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Selective Chemical Etching

We demonstrate a method of fabricating through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays in silicon using femtosecond laser irradiation and selective chemical etching. The micro-hole formation mechanism is identified as the chemical reaction of the femtosecond laser-induced structure change zone and hydrofluoric acid solution. The morphologies of the through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays are characterized by using scanning electronic microscopy, The effects of the pulse number on the depth and diameter of the holes are investigated. Honeycomb arrays of through micro-holes fabricated at different laser powers and pulse numbers are demonstrated.

Improved Semipolar(11(2|-)2) GaN Quality Grown on m-Plane Sapphire Substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Self-Organized SiN_x Interlayer

The effect of a self-organized SiNs interlayer on the defect density of （1122） semipolar GaN grown on 7n-plane sapphire is studied by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and high resolution x-ray diffrac- tion. The SiNx interlayer reduces the c-type dislocation density from 2.5 ×10^10 cm^-2 to 5 ×10^8 cm 2. The SiNx interlayer produces regions that are free from basal plane stacking faults （BSFs） and dislocations. The overall BSF density is reduced from 2.1×10^5 cm-1 to 1.3×10^4 cm^-1. The large dislocations and BSF reduction in semipolar （1122） GaN with the SiNx, interlayer result from two primary mechanisms. The first mechanism is the direct dislocation blocking by the SiNx interlayer, and the second mechanism is associated with the unique structure character of （1122） semipolar GaN.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin

The majority of platform chemicals are currently provided through crude oil processes. Nevertheless, the substitution of the crude oil with biomass should be the ecological aim. Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule, may play an important role in that exchange, as it is the only bio based source of aromatic compounds. For instance, it could be a source of bifunctional aromatic molecules, like the monocyclic compounds catechol or guaiacol, or bifunctional oligomers. However, no process for the production of aromatics from lignin in technical scale has been established until now. Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. The combination of fast hydrolysis, thermal degradation reactions and hydrogenation drives the hydrothermal liquefaction;this gives the possibility to narrow down the product spectrum in comparison to other “dry” cleavage methods, towards a higher yield of e.g. catechols.

Does nuclear energy reduce carbon emissions despite using fuels and chemicals?Transition to clean energy and finance for green solutions

Green power conversion is the shift away from traditional fuels towards clean energy sources such as nuclear power plants,hydroelectric dams,wind farms,and solar panels.This research examines the impact of clean energy demand and green financing on reducing carbon emissions in 29 economies in Europe and Asia from 2007 to 2020.The study used a two-step differenced GMM estimator for the available data set spanning 2007 to 2020.The study found that rising demand for nuclear power helps to achieve a carbon-neutral agenda,but insufficient funding for renewable energy leads to higher carbon emissions.The research suggests increasing investment in nuclear energy and green financing can improve regional environmental quality.The study found a causal link between fuel imports,nuclear power and regional growth.It also determined that fuel imports,chemical use,green financing and the need for nuclear energy will likely impact regional environmental quality.The research recommends allocating more resources toward innovation to boost energy efficiency and expanding investment in renewable and nuclear energy production industries via green finance.The study also highlights the need to encourage the development of renewable energy sources to cut carbon emissions and establish a sustainable society.

Zeolite-based Fenton-like catalysis for pollutant removal and reclamation from wastewater

Wastewater treatment and reclamation from wastewater are essential for the sustainable use of water resource.Zeolite-based heterogeneous catalysis shows great potential in circumventing the current limitations on pollutant removal and transformation to useful chemicals,inspiring advancements towards practical water treatment.This paper summarizes the methods for synthesizing zeolite-based catalyst,and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages.In comparison with traditional Fenton-like reaction,the superiority of zeolite-based catalysis lies in less sludge,wide pH range and easy recyclability.Accordingly,applications of zeolite-based Fenton-like catalysis(ZFCs)in pollutant removal and reclamation of wastewater were reviewed.Emphasis was placed on the methodological strategies in improving ZFCs,including the combination of external driving force(e.g.,photocatalysis or electrochemistry),as well as the introduction of various transition metals into zeolite-based catalyst.Possible challenges and future perspectives for ZFCs were proposed.