Probenazole （3-allyloxy-l,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ）, the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance （SAR） in plants through the induction of salicylic acid （SA） biosynthes...Probenazole （3-allyloxy-l,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ）, the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance （SAR） in plants through the induction of salicylic acid （SA） biosynthesis. As a widely used chemical inducer, PBZ is a good prospect for establishing a new chemical-inducible system. We first designed artificially synthetic promoters with tandem copies of a single type of cis-element （SARE, JERE, GCC, GST1, HSRE, and W-box） that could mediate the expression of the tS-glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene in plants upon PBZ treatment. Then we combined different types of elements in order to improve inducibility in the PBZ-inducible system. On the other hand, we were surprised to find that the cis-elements, which are responsive to jasmonic acid （JA） and ethylene, also responded to PBZ, implying that SA, JA, and ethylene pathways also would play important roles in PBZ＇s action. Further analysis demonstrated that PBZ also induced early events of innate immunity via a signaling pathway in which Ca2＋ influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activity were involved. We constructed synthesized artificial promoters to establish a PBZ chemical-inducible system, and preliminarily explored SA, JA, ethylene, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways via PBZ-inducible system, which could provide an insight for in-depth study.展开更多
In 2006,Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4,Sox2,Klf44,and c-Myc.Since then,the...In 2006,Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4,Sox2,Klf44,and c-Myc.Since then,the future clinical application of somatic cell reprogramming technology has become an attractive research topic in the field of regenerative medicine.Of note,considerable interest has been placed in circumventing ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cell research.However,tumorigenicity,immunogenicity,and heterogeneity may hamper attempts to deploy this technology therapeutically.This review highlights the progress aimed at reducing induced pluripotent stem cells tumorigenicity risk and howto assess the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells cell therapy products.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Project of Transgenic Variety Development of China(Nos.2011ZX08009-004 and 2013ZX08009-004)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Cropsthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘Probenazole （3-allyloxy-l,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ）, the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance （SAR） in plants through the induction of salicylic acid （SA） biosynthesis. As a widely used chemical inducer, PBZ is a good prospect for establishing a new chemical-inducible system. We first designed artificially synthetic promoters with tandem copies of a single type of cis-element （SARE, JERE, GCC, GST1, HSRE, and W-box） that could mediate the expression of the tS-glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene in plants upon PBZ treatment. Then we combined different types of elements in order to improve inducibility in the PBZ-inducible system. On the other hand, we were surprised to find that the cis-elements, which are responsive to jasmonic acid （JA） and ethylene, also responded to PBZ, implying that SA, JA, and ethylene pathways also would play important roles in PBZ＇s action. Further analysis demonstrated that PBZ also induced early events of innate immunity via a signaling pathway in which Ca2＋ influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activity were involved. We constructed synthesized artificial promoters to establish a PBZ chemical-inducible system, and preliminarily explored SA, JA, ethylene, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways via PBZ-inducible system, which could provide an insight for in-depth study.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.32171387 and 32071452)Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Open Program(grant No.SZBL2020090501003)the Pearl River Talents Program Local Innovative and Research Teams(grant No.2017BT01S131).
文摘In 2006,Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4,Sox2,Klf44,and c-Myc.Since then,the future clinical application of somatic cell reprogramming technology has become an attractive research topic in the field of regenerative medicine.Of note,considerable interest has been placed in circumventing ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cell research.However,tumorigenicity,immunogenicity,and heterogeneity may hamper attempts to deploy this technology therapeutically.This review highlights the progress aimed at reducing induced pluripotent stem cells tumorigenicity risk and howto assess the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells cell therapy products.
