A general solution for one dimensional chemo-mechanical coupled hydrogel rod

Smart hydrogels are environmentally sensitive hydrogels, which can produce a sensitive response to external stimuli, and often exhibit the characteristics of multi filed coupling. In this paper, a hydrogel rod under chemomechanical coupling was analytically studied based on a poroelastical model. The already known constitutive and governing equations were simplified into the one dimensional case, then two different boundary conditions were considered. The expressions of concentration, displacement,chemical potential and stress related to time were obtained in a series form. Examples illustrate the interaction mechanism of chemical and mechanical effect. It was found that there was a balance state in the diffusion of concentration and the diffusion process could lead to the expansion or the stress change of the hydrogel rod.

Down-staging depth score to predict outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer achieving ypl stage after neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy versus de novo stage pl cohort:A propensity score-matched analysis

Objective：Prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer（LARC）but achieving yp T1–2N0 stage after neoadjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy（CRT）has been shown to be favorable.This study aims to determine whether the long-term outcome of yp T1–2N0 cases can be comparable to that of p T1–2N0 cohort that received definitive surgery for early disease.Method：From January 2008 to December 2013,449 consecutive patients with rectal cancer were treated and their outcome maintained in a database.Patients with LARC underwent total mesorectal excision（TME）surgery at4–8 weeks after completion of CRT,and those achieving stage yp I were identified as a group.As a comparison,stage p I group pertains to patients whose initially limited disease was not upstaged after TME surgery alone.After propensity score matching（PSM）,comparisons of local regional control（LC）,distant metastasis-free survival（DMFS）,disease-free survival（DFS）and overall survival（OS）were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test between yp I and p I groups.Down-staging depth score（DDS）,a novel method of evaluating CRT response,was used for subset analysis.Results：Of the 449 patients,168 matched cases were generated for analysis.Five-year LC,DMFS,DFS and OS for stage p I vs.yp I groups were 96.7%vs.96.4%（P=0.796）,92.7%vs.73.6%（P=0.025）,91.2%vs.73.6%（P=0.080）and 93.1%vs.72.3%（P=0.040）,respectively.In the DDS-favorable subset of the yp I group,LC,DMFS,DFS and OS resulted in no significant differences in comparison with the p I group（P=0.384,0.368,0.277 and0.458,respectively）.Conclusions：LC was comparable in both groups;however,distant metastasis developed more frequently in down-staged LARC than de novo early stage cases,reflecting the need to improve the efficacy of systemic treatment despite excellent pathologic response.DDS can be an indicator to identify a subset of the yp I group whose longterm oncologic outcomes are as good as those of stage p I cohort.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

Student contacts of tuberculosis（TB）cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）,and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them.This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment.

A chemo-mechanical model coupled with thermal effect on the hollow core–shell electrodes in lithium-ion batteries

Electrode is a key component to remain durability and safety of lithium-ion（Li-ion） batteries. Li-ion insertion/removal and thermal expansion mismatch may induce high stress in electrode during charging and discharging processes. In this paper, we present a continuum model based on COMSOL Multiphysics software, which involves thermal, chemical and mechanical behaviors of electrodes. The results show that,because of diffusion-induced stress and thermal mismatch, the electrode geometry plays an important role in diffusion kinetics of Li-ions. A higher local compressive stress results in a lower Li-ion concentration and thus a lower capacity when a particle is embedded another, which is in agreement with experimental observations.

Synthetic Smac Peptide Enhances Chemo-sensitivity of Bladder Cancer Cells

The effects of synthetic Smac peptide （SmacN7） on chemotherapeutic sensitivity of bladder cancer cells were investigated. SmacN7 penetratin peptide was synthesized and delivered into T24 cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of T24 cells induced by low-dosage of MMC Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of XIAP and Caspase-3. The activity of Caspase-3 was measured and the effect of SmacN7 combined with MMC on T24 cell lines was also determined. The results showed that SmacN7 penetratin peptide could successfully interact with endogenous XIAP, increase the proportions of apoptosis of T24 cell lines induced by low-dosage of MMC in a dose-and time-dependent manner. An obvious down-regulation of XIAP expression and up-regulation of Caspase-3 was identi-fied by Western blot. The activity of Caspase-3 in experimental group was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group. As compared with MMC group, the viability of T24 cells in SmacN7 penetratin peptide＋MMC group was markedly decreased to 2.22 and 3.61 folds at 24 h and 48 h respectively. It was concluded that SmacN7 penetratin peptide could act as a cell-permeable IAP inhibitor, inhibit the proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance the chemo-sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to MMC. These findings indicate that SmacN7 penetratin peptide may be a very promising ageut for bladder cancer treatment when used in combination with chemotherapy.

Study of Chemical Etching and Chemo-Mechanical Polishing on CdZnTe Nuclear Detectors

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) semiconductor has applications in the detection of X-rays and gamma-rays at room temperature without having to use a cooling system. Chemical etching and chemo-mechanical polishing are processes used to smoothen CdZnTe wafer during detector device fabrication. These processes reduce surface damages left after polishing the wafers. In this paper, we compare the effects of etching and chemo-mechanical polishing on CdZnTe nuclear detectors, using a solution of hydrogen bromide in hydrogen peroxide and ethylene glycol mixture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor TeO2 on the wafer surfaces. Current-voltage and detector-response measurements were made to study the electrical properties and energy resolution. XPS results showed that the chemical etching process resulted in the formation of more TeO2 on the detector surfaces compared to chemo-mechanical polishing. The electrical resistivity of the detector is of the order of 1010 Ω-cm. The chemo-mechanical polishing process increased the leakage current more that chemical etching. For freshly treated surfaces, the etching process is more detrimental to the energy resolution compared to chemo-mechanically polishing.

Feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic rectal resection following neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy: A systematic review

AIM: To study the feasibility and oncological outcomesfollowing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LTME) in patients who have received Neo-adjuvant long course chemo-radiotherapy(LCRT). METHODS: A protocol driven systematic review of published literature was undertaken to assess the feasibility and oncological outcomes following LTME in patients receiving LCRT. The feasibility was assessed using peri-operative outcomes and short term results. The oncological outcomes were assessed using local recurrence, disease free survival and overall survival.RESULTS: Only 8 studies-1 randomized controlled trial, 4 Case Matched/Controlled Studies and 3 Case Series were identified matching the search criteria. The conversion rate was low(1.2% to 28.1%), anastomotic leak rates were similar to open total mesorectal excision(0%-4.1% vs 0%-8.3%). Only 3 studies reported on local recurrence rates(5.2%-7.6%) at median 34 mo follow-up. A single study described disease free survival and overall survival at 3 years as 78.8% and 92.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: LTME following LCRT is feasible in experienced hands, with acceptable short term surgical outcomes and with the usual benefits associated with minimally invasive procedures. The long term oncological outcomes of LTME after LCRT appear to be comparable to open procedures but need further investigation.

Influence of Coupled Chemo-Mechanical Process on Corrosion Characteristics in Reinforcing Bars

We studied the corrosion characteristics of reinforcing bars in concrete under different corrosion conditions. The area-box （AB） value was used to classify the shape of pitting corrosion morphology in meso-scale, and fractographs of reinforcing bars with different corrosion morphology were discussed in micro- and macro-scales. The results show that the existence of the tensile stress affects the corrosion characteristics of reinforcing bars. The pitting morphology and fractograph of reinforcing bars exhibit a statistical fractal feature. The linear regression model fits the relationship between fractal dimensions of corrosion morphology and fractal dimension of fractograph fairly well. Using fractal dimension as the characterization parameter can not only reflect the characteristics of pitting corrosion morphology in reinforcing bars, but also reveal the fracture feature of corroded reinforcing bars.

Chemo-mechanical couplings in compacted argillite submitted to high-pH environment

In the French concept of deep nuclear wastes repository, the galleries should be backfilled with excavated argillite after the site exploitation period. After several thousands of years, the degradation of the concrete lining of the galleries will generate alkaline fluid (pH 】 12) that will diffuse through the backfill. The objective of the paper is to describe the influence of such solute diffusion on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of compacted argillite. Saturated-portlandite water was circulated through compacted samples for 3, 6 and 12 months at 20 °C or 60 °C, respectively. The microstructures before and after fluid circulation were determined with mercury intrusion porosimetry. Since it was planned to introduce additives (bentonite or lime) in the remoulded argillite to backfill the deep galleries, such mixtures were also studied. The results show that the influence of the alkaline fluid on the properties of the argillite is a function of the nature of the additive. The pure argillite undergoes slight modifications that can be related to a limited dissolution of its clayey particles. Conversely, intense alteration of the bentonite-argillite mixture was observed. Lime addition improves the mechanical characteristics of the argillite through the precipitation of cementitious compounds.

Conjugation of Magnetite Nanoparticles with Melanogenesis Substrate, NPrCAP Provides Melanoma Targeted, <i>in Situ</i>Peptide Vaccine Immunotherapy through HSP Production by Chemo-Thermotherapy

In order to develop melanoma-targeted in situ peptide vaccine immunotherapy, magnetite nanoparticles were conjugated with a melanogenesis substrate, N-propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP). Magnetite nanoparticles introduced thermotherapy which caused non-apoptotic cell death and generation of heat shock protein (HSP) upon exposure to alternating magnetic field (AMF). NPrCAP was expected to develop a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells and production of highly reactive free radicals, that result in not only oxidative stress but also apoptotic cell death by reacting with tyrosinase.

Does Chemo-Radiation Therapy Influence Outcomes in Unresectable Locally Advanced State IV Rectal Cancer?

Introduction: The median survival for patients with stage IV rectal cancer is approximately 20 months. Therapy should focus not only on improving survival but also on quality of life. The aim of our study was to determine if chemoradiation (C-RT) would improve palliation for metastatic unresectable locally advanced disease compared to patients receiving palliative chemotherapy alone (C) for stage IV cancer. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database at a single institution was carried out under IRB approval. From January 2004 to December 2008, 43 patients presenting with unresectable stage IV rectal cancer were identified with a median follow-up of 12 months. Patients with evidence of locally advanced disease or bulky disease received infusional 5-FU ± bevacizumab and 3D conformed mega voltage photon therapy (5400 cGy). Patients without evidence of bulky disease received either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab. Data on demographics, investigations, treatment, complications, metastasis, number of blood transfusions, days of hospitalization, and surgical intervention were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 25 and 18 patients in the C and C-RT groups respectively. There was no difference in mean age, sex or overall survival. Three patient (12%) in the C group developed hydronephrosis compared to 8 patients (44%) in the C-RT group (p < 0.05). Six patients (24%) developed bowel obstructions requiring an ostomy in the C group compared to 9 patient (50%) in the C-RT group (p = 0.07). In the C arm, 80% of patients required multiple hospitalizations for symptoms consistent with progression of disease compared to 61% of patients in the C-RT arm (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced unresectable stage IV cancer has not been extensively investigated. At our institution, patients treated with C-RT for bulky stage IV rectal cancer required fewer hospitalizations when compared to those treated with chemotherapy alone.

根际化学与生物多样性的表征方法:组学技术的机遇与挑战

根际是联结植物、土壤和微生物的重要界面,是化学与生物过程耦合最活跃的区域.根际环境影响土壤中有机和无机污染物的行为,而研究方法的完善与提升有助于阐释根际中复杂的过程与作用机制.本文从传统的化学和生物学方法到新兴的组学技术对根际科学的方法学研究进展进行了综述,重点讨论了当今组学技术在根际研究中应用机遇与挑战,同时展望了今后需要关注的科学问题.根际化学组分的传统分析方法涵盖了光谱、色谱、质谱和色质联用等技术,主要聚焦于低分子量有机酸等小分子的定性定量测定,导致对根际化学多样性的认知偏差;传统的根际微生物研究依赖于培养技术,对微生物多样性的描述存在很大的局限.揭示根际异质性和复杂性,亟需采用高端的技术,组学方法显示出极大的优势,显著提高了研究者对根际科学的认识.基于靶向和非靶向代谢组学有利于深入研究根际复杂的化学多样性过程;基于宏基因组学、转录组学和蛋白组学等组学工具能够提供微生物组基因和蛋白的表达、功能特性等更详细的信息,可以全面地揭示根际微生物的多样性.应该强调的是,未来多组学整合分析更是表征根际化学与生物多样性的一个强有力工具,但需要更多的模型、框架和计算基础来实现根际基因、蛋白、转录和代谢水平的多层次关联,以助于挖掘根-微生物-土壤界面大量尚未揭示的关键过程、机理及生态环境效应.

手性δ-取代己内酰胺化学/酶串联一锅法合成及立体构型调控

报道了一种以1-取代高烯丙基胺为原料,结合酶催化动态动力学拆分与分子内烯烃复分解反应串联一锅法制备手性δ-取代己内酰胺的方法。分别用脂肪酶和蛋白酶作为动态动力学拆分催化剂,实现了手性δ-取代己内酰胺立体构型的调控。通过该方法制备的R-δ-取代己内酰胺的对映体过量值(enantiomeric excess,ee)均在90%以上,产率维持在76%以上;所制备的S-δ-取代己内酰胺的ee也在82%以上,产率均高于70%。

mFOLFOX7化疗方案联合卡瑞利珠单抗和阿帕替尼治疗CNLCⅢ期肝细胞癌有效性和安全性的前瞻性研究

目的探索静脉mFOLFOX7化疗方案联合卡瑞利珠单抗和阿帕替尼在CNLCⅢ期肝细胞癌中的有效性及安全性(NCT05412589)。方法本研究为单臂、开放、前瞻性临床研究,计划入组35例未经治疗的CNLCⅢ期肝细胞癌患者。主要研究终点为基于RECIST 1.1标准评估的客观缓解率(ORR),次要研究终点包括:基于mRECIST标准评估的ORR,和基于RECIST 1.1标准和mRECIST标准评估的疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存时间(PFS),以及总生存时间(OS)、手术转化率、治疗相关不良反应(TRAE)等。结果收集并分析2021年4月至2023年4月期间符合入排标准并签署同意书入组的26例肝细胞癌患者资料。中位随访时间为13个月,ORR为61.5%(RECIST v1.1)和73.1%(mRECIST),临床缓解率为26.9%,病理完全缓解率为23.1%,DCR为96.2%,mPFS和mOS均尚未达到,均超过9个月。手术转化率为57.7%,均实现R0切除。TRAE≥3级不良事件发生率为50%。结论静脉mFOLFOX7化疗方案联合卡瑞利珠单抗和阿帕替尼是治疗CNLCⅢ期肝细胞癌的一种有效、安全、易行的策略,初步研究效果类似于FOLFOX⁃HAIC联合靶免治疗。

米根霉全细胞脂肪酶在化学-酶法环氧化反应体系中的稳定性

为了提高米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae CGMCC 3.5040)全细胞脂肪酶在化学-酶法环氧化反应体系中的稳定性,以α-蒎烯为模式底物,考察柠檬酸三钠用量、戊二醛交联细胞、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))用量和回用方式对催化剂稳定性的影响。结果表明:过氧有机酸会影响酶稳定性,添加3.5 mmol柠檬酸三钠会与质量分数为30%H_(2)O_(2)水溶液形成高渗液,防止细胞涨破,同时能中和过量过氧酸,提高反应选择性与细胞的回用稳定性;经过戊二醛交联后,全细胞催化剂的热稳定性、储存稳定性和回用稳定性都显著提高;蒎烯环氧化的最适H_(2)O_(2)用量为5 mmol;可采用直接分离有机相,再加入新鲜有机相的方式进行回用。优化回用方式后,该全细胞催化剂第7次使用时,催化反应仍然有77.3%的转化率。

乳腺术后三阴方干预三阴性乳腺癌化疗脑症状临床研究

目的:观察评价乳腺术后三阴方对三阴性乳腺癌化疗相关认知障碍临床症状的影响。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究设计,选取2020年12月至2021年6月上海龙华医院、上海肿瘤医院化疗患者130例作为研究对象,按照是否服用乳腺术后三阴方分为对照组(n=64)和观察组(n=66),对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予中药乳腺术后三阴方,餐后温服,疗程3个月。治疗结束后,观察癌症患者功能评估-认知功能量表(FACT-cog)评分,神经心理学测验,中医症状及安全性指标。结果:随访结束后对照组认知异常为49例,占79.03%,观察组认知异常为47例,占75.81%,暴露因素相对危险度(RR)为0.93。观察组患者生命质量的提升与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),对照组生命质量与治疗前比较有所提高,其余相关症状均逐渐加重。FACT-cog各维度症状与乳腺术后中医症状存在相关性。随访3个月后,观察组患者中医症状积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺术后三阴方对认知能力的提升作用尚未明确,但其通过缓解化疗不适症状改善三阴性乳腺癌患者自我感知到的认知障碍相关症状,且对三阴性乳腺癌化疗相关认知能力的减退可能具有预防作用。

基于UPLC指纹图谱与多成分定量评价不同产地桑叶药材质量

[目的]建立桑叶超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱,结合化学计量学与多成分含量测定综合评价不同产地桑叶药材质量。[方法]采用CORTECS UPLC C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6μm),以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相在350 nm波长下进行梯度洗脱;建立16批桑叶药材UPLC指纹图谱,并对指标成分进行含量测定;对指纹图谱进行相似度评价及主成分分析,利用偏最小二乘法-判别分析寻找不同产地桑叶药材的差异性成分。[结果]桑叶药材指纹图谱共标定出14个共有峰,通过比对标准对照品,指认出其中8个,分别为新绿原酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、隐绿原酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和紫云英苷;16批药材相似度均大于0.962,主成分分析将16批桑叶药材分为三类,偏最小二乘法-判别分析筛选出5个差异性标志物,差异显著性排序为1号峰(新绿原酸)>4号峰(隐绿原酸)>3号峰(咖啡酸)>14号峰>11号峰。[结论]建立的综合评价方法稳定、可靠,可为桑叶药材的质量评价研究提供理论依据。

多参数MRI联合螺旋CT预测ⅢCr期宫颈癌同步放化疗后复发的临床价值

目的研究多参数MRI联合SCT预测ⅢCr期宫颈癌同步放疗(CCRT)后复发的临床价值。方法回顾性分析医院2018.01~2020.01间70例行同步放化疗后出现复发的ⅢCr期宫颈癌患者(复发组)以及66例无复发者的多参数MRI以及SCT检查资料,以临床诊断作为“金标准”,采用McNemar检验,分别计算多参数MRI以及SCT在诊断宫颈癌复发中的灵敏度、特异度及准确度,并绘制ROC曲线,分析多参数MRI联合SCT诊断宫颈癌复发的价值。结果经局部穿刺以及随访发现,共70例患者被证实为宫颈癌复发,66例患者为非复发,其中复发组患者MRI检查参数ADC_(min)、ADC_(max)、ADC_(mean)、K^(trans)、K_(ep)以及V_(e)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);以临床诊断作为“金标准”,检验发现,多参数MRI在诊断宫颈癌复发中的灵敏度及特异度分别为85.71%、89.39%。SCT在诊断宫颈癌复发中的灵敏度及特异度分别为55.71%、81.82%。绘制ROC曲线证实多参数MRI联合SCT在预测ⅢCr期宫颈癌同步放化疗后复发中的的AUC=0.941,95%CI(0.895~0.987),灵敏度及特异度分别为94.30%与93.90%。结论多参数MRI在诊断ⅢCr期宫颈癌CCRT后复发中的价值高于SCT,但两者联合使用能有效提高宫颈癌复发的临床诊断效果。

具有抗肿瘤免疫治疗作用的铂类药物研究进展

经典铂类药物是一类潜在的免疫调节剂,通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD)来参与肿瘤免疫调节。因而可将铂类药物分子与免疫治疗药物分子或其药效团进行拼合或融合,提高协同抗肿瘤疗效。铂(Ⅱ)药物是临床化疗最常见药物,由于其副作用和耐药性等缺点,使其临床应用受限。铂(Ⅳ)配合物具有动力学惰性和优于铂(Ⅱ)配合物的药理作用机制受到广泛关注和研究。本文旨在总结近年来发表的具有免疫调节功能的抗肿瘤铂配合物,通过化疗协同免疫疗法提高抗肿瘤疗效,为具有免疫功能的铂类药物的进一步研发和未来临床应用提供依据。

基于化力模型的供水钢管内腐蚀力学性能评估

为了解决已有钢管腐蚀深度预测模型未考虑电化学腐蚀机理,难以泛化到不同应用场景的问题,提出基于电化学腐蚀机理的腐蚀深度预测模型.该模型以溶解氧质量浓度和水温监测数据作为输入,预测管壁平均腐蚀深度.结合腐蚀深度预测模型、腐蚀深度-力学性能退化经验公式及Chaboche本构模型,提出化力模型,用于估算腐蚀后管材的单轴应力-应变曲线.该单轴应力-应变曲线可以为全寿命运营周期内管道结构的安全评估提供依据.以某根服役的供水钢管为案例,结合实时监测数据,验证了该模型的合理性和可行性.