Gasdermin D-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis expands inflammatory responses that aggravate acute liver failure by upregulating monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CC chemokine receptor-2 to recruit macrophages

BACKGROUND Massive hepatocyte death is the core event in acute liver failure(ALF).Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is a type of highly inflammatory cell death.However,the role of hepatocyte pyroptosis and its mechanisms of expanding inflammatory responses in ALF are unclear.AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.METHODS The expression of pyroptosis pathway-associated proteins in liver tissues from ALF patients and a hepatocyte injury model was examined by Western blot.GSDMD short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was used to investigate the effects of downregulation of GSDMD on monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP1)and its receptor CC chemokine receptor-2(CCR2)in vitro.For in vivo experiments,we used GSDMD knockout mice to investigate the role and mechanism of GSDMD in a D-galactose/lipopolysaccharide(D-Galn/LPS)-induced ALF mouse model.RESULTS The levels of pyroptosis pathway-associated proteins in liver tissue from ALF patients and a hepatocyte injury model increased significantly.The level of GSDMD-N protein increased most obviously(P<0.001).In vitro,downregulation of GSDMD by shRNA decreased the cell inhibition rate and the levels of MCP1/CCR2 proteins(P<0.01).In vivo,GSDMD knockout dramatically eliminated inflammatory damage in the liver and improved the survival of DGaln/LPS-induced ALF mice(P<0.001).Unlike the mechanism of immune cell pyroptosis that involves releasing interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18,GSDMDmediated hepatocyte pyroptosis recruited macrophages via MCP1/CCR2 to aggravate hepatocyte death.However,this pathological process was inhibited after knocking down GSDMD.CONCLUSION GSDMD-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALF,recruiting macrophages to release inflammatory mediators by upregulating MCP1/CCR2 and leading to expansion of the inflammatory responses.GSDMD knockout can reduce hepatocyte death and inflammatory responses,thus alleviating ALF.

CX3 chemokine receptor 1 deficiency leads to reduced dendritic complexity and delayed maturation of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus

Previous studies have shown that microglia impact the proliferation and differentiation of neu- rons during hippocampal neurogenesis via the fractalkine/CX3 chemokine receptor i （CX3CRI） signaling pathway. However, whether microglia can influence the maturation and dendritic growth of newborn neurons during hippocampal neurogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the hippocampus was decreased, and the dendritic length and number of intersections in newborn neurons in the hippocampus were reduced in transgenic adult mice with CX3CR1 deficiency （CX3CRl^GFP/GFe）. Furthermore, after experimental seizures were induced with kainic acid in these CX3CRl-deficient mice, the expression of c-fos, a marker of neuronal activity, was reduced compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, the experimental findings indicate that the functional maturation of newborn neu- rons during hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice is delayed by CX3CR1 deficiency.

Analyze interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels in dry eye and the therapeutic effect of cyclosporine A

BACKGROUND Dry eye is a common eye disease.Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes.However,multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with artificial tears,which may affect the therapeutic effect.AIM To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in patients with dry eye and the therapeutic effect of artificial tears combined with cyclosporine A.METHODS A total of 124 dry eye patients treated at The First People’s Hospital of Xining from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group,while 20 healthy individuals served as the control group during the same period.Levels of inflammatory markers,including IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,were analyzed.The observation group was further divided into a study group and a control group,each consisting of 62 patients.The control group received artificial tears,whereas the study group received a combination of artificial tears and cyclosporine A.Inflammatory markers,Schirmer’s test(SIT),tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25(NEI-VFQ-25)scores,and adverse events(AEs)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin comparison to the healthy group.Following treatment,the study group demonstrated substantial reductions in IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels relative to the control group.Moreover,after treatment,the study group experienced a marked decrease in CFS scores and significant increases in both SIT and BUT levels when compared to the control group.Additionally,significant improvements were observed in the primary symptom of dry eye and secondary symptoms such as photophobia,foreign body sensation,fatigue,red eye,and burning sensation within the study group.Furthermore,post-treatment NEI-VFQ-25 scores across all dimensions exhibited significant enhancements in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).It is noteworthy that significant AEs were reported in both groups throughout the treatment period.CONCLUSION Cyclosporine A combined with artificial tears is effective in treating dry eye,yielding enhanced outcomes by improving SIT and TBUT levels,reducing CFS scores,and ameliorating vision-related quality of life.

Interleukin-1β:Friend or foe for gastrointestinal cancers

Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality,especially in the colorectum,esophagus,stomach,and liver.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)is a leukocytic pyrogen recognized as a tumor progression-related cytokine.IL-1βsecretion and maturation in inflammatory responses could be regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3,inflammasome formation,and activation of IL-1 converting enzyme.Several studies have documented the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-1β in tumor microenvironments,promoting proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo.The application of IL-1β inhibitors is also promising for targeted therapy development in some cancer types.However,as a leukocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β may also possess anti-tumorigenic effects and be type-specific in different cancers.This editorial discusses the up-to-date roles of IL-1β in GI cancers,including underlying mechanisms and down-stream signaling pathways.Understanding and clarifying the roles of IL-1β would significantly benefit future therapeutic targeting and help improve therapeutic outcomes in patients suffering from GI cancer.

Inhibition of chemokine-like factor 1 improves bloodbrain barrier dysfunction in rats following focal cerebral ischemia

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of chemokine-like factor 1(CKLF1),a novel C-C chemokine,on brain-blood barrier(BBB)integrity in rat focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model.METHODS Antibodies against CKLF1 was applied to the rightcerebral ventricle immediately after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Brain water content,Evans blue leakage and the expression of aquaporin-4(AQP-4),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin were measured.RESULTS After treatment with antiCKLF1 antibody,brain water content and Evans blue leakage in ipsilateral hemisphere were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h after reperfusion,but not changed in contralateral hemisphere.Anti-CKLF1 antibody reduced the expression of AQP-4 and MMP-9,and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin.These results suggest that CKLF1 is involved in BBB disruption after reperfusion.CONCLUSION Inhibition of CKLF1 protects against cerebral ischemia by maintaining BBB integrity,possibly via inhibiting the expression of AQP-4 and MMP-9,and increasing the expression of tight junction protein.

Chemokine-Like Receptor 1信号通路对双氢睾酮诱导小鼠骨密度增加的影响

文章通过在小鼠体内注射双氢睾酮和2α-萘酰乙基三甲基碘化铵以及体外水平培养诱导骨髓间充质干细胞,研究G蛋白偶联受体趋化因子样受体1(Chemokine-Like Receptor 1,CMKLR1)基因缺失对双氢睾酮诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨分化的影响。结果发现CMKLR1基因缺失后骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化率降低,双氢睾酮刺激后,野生型小鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化有所提升,而CMKLR1缺失小鼠的骨髓间质干细胞成骨分化变化不大,说明CMKLR1基因的缺失影响了双氢睾酮对骨细胞的作用。

The expression of chemokine MCP-1 in colorectal carcinoma and its relationship to the infiltration of macrophage

Objective: To study the expression of MCP-1 in colorectal carcinoma and its relationship to the infiltration of the macrophage and to the biological behaviour of infiltration and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The expression of the MCP-1 mRNA was assessed in colorectal carcinoma collected freshly from surgical specimen by RT-PCR and the expres- sion of the MCP-1 protein was assessed in colorectal carcinoma collected from surgical specimen by immunohistochemistry. The tumor infiltrating cell and macrophage were also investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: All the 12 specimens of colorectal carcinoma detected by RT-PCR expressed the MCP-1 mRNA; MCP-1 protein was detected in 90℅ (36/40) cases of the tumor; The expression of the MCP-1 protein in colorectal carcinoma correlated negatively with its state of metastasis and the Dukes’ stage. But a postive correlation was found between the expression of MCP-1 and the infiltrated macrophage. The stron- ger expression of MCP-1, the more number of the infiltrated macrophage. Conclusion: The expression of chemokine MCP-1 in colorectal carcinoma may influence its biological behaviour of infiltration and metastasis, and can attract the immuno-cell to the local of the tumor, such as Macrophage.

基质细胞衍生因子1在软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用

背景:骨性关节炎是一种以软骨退变和软骨下骨异常骨重塑为特征的退行性病变。近年来,许多研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1在骨性关节炎的病理进展中发挥关键作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1及其CXC趋化因子受体4型和CXC趋化因子受体7型组成的信号通路是预防和治疗骨性关节炎的新方法。目的:综述基质细胞衍生因子1参与调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的作用,以及这些细胞相互作用,探究导致软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑而加速骨性关节炎病理进展的机制,以期为骨性关节炎的防治提供新的思路。方法:以“基质细胞衍生因子1,软骨,软骨细胞,软骨下骨,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,CXC趋化因子受体4型,CXC趋化因子受体7型”为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库,以“Stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1,CXCL12,cartilage,chondrocyte,subchondral bone,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,CXCR4,CXCR7”为英文检索词检索PubMed、Medline和Embase数据库,检索各数据库建库至2024年1月的相关文献,根据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞迁移、增殖、分化和死亡,在维持软骨和软骨下骨稳态以及促进或抑制骨性关节炎软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑等病理过程中均发挥至关重要的作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路有望成为今后防治骨性关节炎研究的重点。②由于基质细胞衍生因子1亚型在组织之间表达量的差异,目前以基质细胞衍生因子1α研究最为广泛,基质细胞衍生因子1β和基质细胞衍生因子1γ的相关研究多集中在探索影响干细胞生物学行为、在调控软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用,与骨性关节炎的相关性尚不清楚。③基质细胞衍生因子1能够有效促进干细胞归巢至软骨损伤部位,并诱导其增殖、存活及成软骨分化和应用负载基质细胞衍生因子1的生物支架来改善软骨修复质量已成为软骨组织工程研究的热点;然而,已有研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1可促进骨髓间充质干细胞向肥大型软骨细胞分化,而新生软骨细胞肥大表型会造成软骨内骨形成,软骨细胞凋亡,整个组织发生血管化和骨化,影响最终软骨修复的质量;另外,不同支架与基质细胞衍生因子1组合在修复部分软骨损伤和全层软骨损伤时,再生组织不都是理想的透明软骨组织。因而,未来深入探寻基质细胞衍生因子1在干细胞生物学效应中的潜在机制以及基质细胞衍生因子1与支架组合在修复不同软骨缺损的最佳组合方式将有助于提升软骨修复质量。④目前有关CXC趋化因子受体4型拮抗剂的研究主要集中在AMD3100,T140和TN14003,且绝大部分处于基础实验阶段,有待临床转化。针对基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路开发的治疗药物、方法的安全性、有效性仍需大量的生物学和临床试验加以佐证。

Distinct Expression of Chemokine-like Factor 1 in Synovium of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chemokine-like factor 1（CKLF1） is a newly cloned chemotactic cytokine with CCR4 being its functional receptor. Recent evidence demonstrates a role of CKLF1 in arthritis. The aim of this study was to quantify the expression of CKLF1 as well as assess the correlation between CKLF1 and plasma acute-phase markers. Synovium was obtained from 16 osteoarthritis（OA）, 15 rheumatoid arthritis（RA） and 10 ankylosing spondylitis（AS） patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, with other 11 patients treated for meniscal tears during sport accidents serving as normal controls. Levels of CKLF1 and CCR4 m RNA were detected by q RT-PCR, and the expression of CKLF1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry staining, subsequently analyzed with semiquantitative scores. Plasma acute-phase markers of inflammation were determined by ELISA. CKLF1 was found with a particularly up-regulated expression in synovim from AS and RA patients, and CCR4 m RNA levels increased in RA patients, not in OA or AS patients. Elevated levels of plasma markers of inflammation including CRP, ESR and Ddimer were observed in RA. Further, significantly positive correlations between relative expression levels of CKLF1 and CRP/ESR in RA patients and a positive correlation between CKLF1 and ESR in AS patients were found. There was no detectable correlation between CKLF1 and plasma D-dimer. This study confirms an increased but different level of CKLF1 in RA, OA and AS patients, all significantly higher than that in controls. Additionally, the significant positive correlations between CKLF1 levels and CRP/ESR in RA and between CKLF1 and ESR suggest that CKLF1 might contribute to the inflammation state and clinical symptoms in these rheumatic diseases. Further studies are required to investigate the utility of targeting specific CKLF1 for symptom control or disease modification in RA and AS.

Expression and purification of recombinant human chemokine SDF-1β in E. coli

Objective: To obtain recombinant human SDF-1β expressed in E. colt and purify SDF-lfi with bio-logical activity from the bacterium. Methods: A thioredoxin-SDF-1β fusion protein (26×103) composed of230 amino acid residues was expressed in E. coli AD494 (DE3)pLysS under the induction of IPTG whenpET32a( + )-SDF-1β was used as an expression vector. Purified SDF-lfi was produced through following pro-cedures: Bacteria lysis, metal-chelated affinity chromatography (MAC), enterokinase digestion to separateSDF-lfi from fusion protein, cation exchange chromatography (CEC) and reverse-phase high performance liq-uid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Western blot with anti-SDF-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb), N-terminalamino acid sequencing, ligand-binding assay and cytosensor/microphysiometry were used to investigate thebiochemical characters and biological activities of the purified SDF-1β. Results: From 10% to 15% of totalbacterium protein was expressed as fusion protein. Approximately 400 fig purified SDF-1β (7. 8×103) con-sisting of 71 amino acid residues were produced from 1 L of fermented bacteria. Western blot showed that an-ti-SDF-1β mAb bound with the purified SDF-1β specifically. N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicates thatN-terminus of purified SDF-1β possessed as the same amino acid sequence as nature one. Purified SDF-1β notonly had the binding activity with CXCR4 expressing cells [Kd= (12. 20±2. 99) mnol/L], but also activatedCXCR4 expressing cell signaling specifically in a dose-dependence manner. Conclusion: The purified recombi-nant human SDF-1β produced with this method possesses biochemical characters and biological activities assame as those nature human SDF-1β.

Blocking postsynaptic density-93 binding to C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 promotes microglial phenotypic transformation during acute ischemic stroke

We previously reported that postsynaptic density-93 mediates neuron-microglia crosstalk by interacting with amino acids 357–395 of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CX3 CL1) to induce microglia polarization. More importantly, the peptide Tat-CX3 CL1(comprising amino acids 357–395 of CX3 CL1) disrupts the interaction between postsynaptic density-93 and CX3 CL1, reducing neurological impairment and exerting a protective effect in the context of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. In the current study, we found that the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype increased and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype decreased at different time points. The M1 phenotype increased at 6 hours after stroke and peaked at 24 hours after perfusion, whereas the M2 phenotype decreased at 6 and 24 hours following reperfusion. We found that the peptide Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) facilitates microglial polarization from M1 to M2 by reducing the production of soluble CX3 CL1. Furthermore, the a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 17(ADAM17) inhibitor GW280264 x, which inhibits metalloprotease activity and prevents CX3 CL1 from being sheared into its soluble form, facilitated microglial polarization from M1 to M2 by inhibiting soluble CX3 CL1 formation. Additionally, Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) attenuated long-term cognitive deficits and improved white matter integrity as determined by the Morris water maze test at 31–34 days following surgery and immunofluorescence staining at 35 days after stroke, respectively. In conclusion, Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke by promoting microglial polarization from M1 to M2. Therefore, the Tat-CX3 CL1(357–395 aa) is a potential therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.

Effect of ultrasound-guided pleural paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on serum monocyte chemokinin-1, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in patients with early breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided pleural paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia on serum monocyte chemokinin-1 (McP-1), interleukin-6 (il-1) and il-10 levels in patients with early breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: A total of 76 patients with early breast cancer from October 2015 to July 2018 were selected from our hospital and divided into study group (n=38) and control group (n=38). The control group received general anesthesia, and the study group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia. Data of two groups of perioperative situation (PCIA press the number, volume of intraoperative sufentanil and PACU time), preoperative and postoperative 12 h, 24 h serum factor (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10) level, after 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h when pain (VAS) score, preoperative (T1), 15 min after the anesthesia (T2), 5 min after surgery (T3) hemodynamic state [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP)], the incidence of adverse reactions were counted. Results: (1) Perioperative status: PCIA presses, intraoperative dose of sufentanil and PACU duration in the study group were less than those in the control group. (2) Serum factors: there was no significant difference in serum McP-1, il-6 and il-10 levels between the two groups before operation. The serum levels of McP-1, il-6 and il-10 in the two groups 12 h after operation were higher than those before operation. The serum levels of McP-1, il-6 and il-10 in the two groups at 24 h after surgery were significantly lower than those at 12 h after surgery, and the serum levels of McP-1, il-6 and il-10 in the group at 12 h and 24 h after surgery were lower than those of the control group. (3) Pain degree: the VAS score of the study group at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery was lower than that of the control group. (4) Hemodynamics: there was no significant difference in HR and MAP between the two groups during T1, HR and MAP in T2 were lower than those in T1, but the level of each indicator in the study group was higher than that in the control group. (5) Adverse Reactions: the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the study group (10.53%) than in the control group (28.95%). Conclusion: The application of ultrasound guided early breast cancer modified radical block complex general anesthesia thoracic vertebra, can reduce the dosage of anesthetic drugs, shorten the PACU, residence time, reduce postoperative pain, maintain stable hemodynamic state, inhibiting inflammatory reaction caused by surgical trauma degree, and can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and has safety.

Cloning,Identification and Differential Expression Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Carp Interleukin-1β

[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.

血清HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27水平与慢性牙周炎患者牙周病变程度的相关性分析

目的探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)、CC趋化因子配体20(CCL20)、热休克蛋白27(HSP27)水平与慢性牙周炎(CP)患者牙周病变程度的相关性。方法选取2021年9月至2023年8月在新乡医学院第一附属医院诊治的60例CP患者纳入观察组,根据1∶1原则,另选取同期牙周健康者60例纳入对照组。比较两组及不同牙周病变程度CP患者血清HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27水平,分析各指标水平与CP牙周病变程度的相关性及联合诊断价值,并分析不同血清水平患者发生CP的危险度。结果观察组血清HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27水平高于对照组(P<0.05);不同牙周病变程度CP患者血清HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27水平比较:轻度<中度<重度,且各指标水平与牙周病变程度均呈正相关(P<0.05);入院时HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27水平联合诊断CP的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.905,最佳诊断敏感度为91.67%,特异度为88.33%,约登指数0.800,且各指标高水平患者发生CP的危险度是低水平的1.105倍、1.034倍、1.105倍(P<0.05)。结论HMGB1、CCL20、HSP27在CP患者血清中呈异常高表达,各指标水平与牙周病变程度均呈正相关,且联合检测对CP具有较高诊断价值,可作为临床诊断CP、评估牙周病变程度的有效指标。

血清CX3CL1、CCL17与类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病患者肺功能及预后的关系研究

目的分析血清C-X3-C基序趋化因子配体1(CX3CL1)、C-C基序趋化因子配体17(CCL17)与类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病(RA-ILD)患者肺功能及预后的关系。方法选取2017年1月—2018年1月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院风湿科收治RA患者295例,根据是否合并ILD分为ILD组115例和非ILD组180例,根据预后情况将RA-ILD患者分为预后不良亚组和预后良好亚组。检测血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平及肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC和肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)]。采用Pearson相关性分析RA-ILD患者血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平与肺功能指标的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析RA-ILD患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平预测RA-ILD患者预后不良的价值。结果与非ILD组比较,ILD组血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平升高,FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC、DLCO降低(t/P=14.359/<0.001、13.855/<0.001、12.015/<0.001、2.732/0.007、14.749/<0.001、14.010/<0.001)。Pearson相关性分析显示,RA-ILD患者血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平与FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC、DLCO呈负相关(r=-0.762、-0.711、-0.577、-0.534、-0.707、-0.692、-0.735、-0.672,P均<0.001)。随访5年,115例RA-ILD患者预后不良发生率为46.96%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,普通型间质性肺炎和高分辨率电子计算机断层扫描(HRCT)评分、CX3CL1、CCL17升高为RA-ILD患者预后不良的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=3.745(1.245~11.264)、1.051(1.008~1.095)、1.008(1.003~1.012)、1.037(1.012~1.062)],FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC、DLCO升高为独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.952(0.896~0.988)、0.892(0.867~0.981)、0.857(0.789~0.949)]。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平联合预测RA-ILD患者预后不良的曲线下面积为0.875,大于CX3CL1、CCL17单独预测的0.783、0.788(Z=2.807、2.698,P=0.005、0.007)。结论RA-ILD患者血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平升高,与肺功能降低和预后不良有关,血清CX3CL1、CCL17水平联合检测对RA-ILD患者预后具有较高的预测价值。

基于胶质细胞GR/CX3CR1双信号探讨柴金解郁安神片含药血清减轻体外抑郁模型大鼠ACC神经元突触损伤的机制

目的:基于胶质细胞糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor,GR)/CX3C趋化因子受体1(CX3C chemokine receptor 1,CX3CR1)双信号探讨柴金解郁安神片(CJJY)含药血清对体外抑郁模型中大鼠前扣带皮层(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC)神经元突触损伤的保护机制。方法:原代培养SD大鼠ACC脑区星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元,并分别进行鉴定;采用200μmol/L皮质酮(corticosterone,CORT)联合1 mg/L脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)建立模拟抑郁环境的体外细胞模型,实验设正常组、模型组(CORT+LPS)、GR阻断剂(GR-)组(CORT+LPS+RU486)、GR激动剂(GR+)组(CORT+LPS+dexamethasone)、CX3CR1阻断剂(CX3-)组(CORT+LPS+AZD8797)、CX3CR1激动剂(CX3+)组(CORT+LPS+fractalkine)、CJJY组(CORT+LPS+CJJY含药血清)、CJJY联合GR激动剂(CJJY/GR+)组(CORT+LPS+CJJY含药血清+dexamethasone)组和CJJY联合CX3CR1激动剂(CJJY/CX3+)组(CORT+LPS+CJJY含药血清+fractalkine);高内涵细胞成像分析技术观察星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和ACC神经元形态学变化;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)、CORT、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6和谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)水平;免疫荧光染色检测星形胶质细胞中GR和囊泡谷氨酸转运体1(vesicular glutamate transporter 1,VGluT1)表达水平,以及小胶质细胞中CX3CR1和腺苷A2A受体(adenosine A2A receptor,A2AR)表达水平;Nissl染色和β-tubulin染色观察神经元突触损伤情况。结果:CJJY含药血清能减轻体外抑郁模型中大鼠星形胶质细胞损伤,抑制小胶质细胞激活,同时抑制细胞上清液中ACTH、CRH、CORT、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和Glu水平异常增高(P<0.05或P<0.01),有效调控GR、VGluT1、CX3CR1和A2AR表达异常(P<0.05或P<0.01),并减轻大鼠ACC神经元树突和树突棘损伤。结论:CJJY含药血清通过调控胶质细胞GR/CX3CR1双信号而减轻体外抑郁模型中大鼠ACC神经元突触损伤。

血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平与帕金森患者病情严重程度的关系

目的探讨帕金森(PD)患者血清中组蛋白脱乙酰基酶3(HDAC3)、CX3趋化因子配体1(CX3CL1)与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2020年9月至2023年9月在邯郸市中医院就诊的73例PD患者作为PD组,另选取同期在邯郸市中医院体检的77例健康者作为对照组。采用修订Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期及帕金森统一评分量表第3部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评估PD患者的严重程度,并根据H-Y分期将PD患者分为早期组、中期组和晚期组;采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估PD患者的认知功能;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测研究对象血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HDAC3、CX3CL1对晚期PD的预测价值;采用多因素Logistic回归分析PD患者病情严重程度的影响因素;采用Spearman相关分析PD患者血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平与UPDRS-Ⅲ、MoCA评分及病程的相关性。结果PD组患者血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。73例PD患者中,早期组27例,中期组25例,晚期组21例;不同PD分期组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数及有吸烟史、有饮酒史、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、合并高血脂病比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);MoCA评分为早期组>中期组>晚期组,且任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病程、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分及血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平为早期组<中期组<晚期组,且任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,PD患者血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平与UPDRS-Ⅲ评分和病程呈正相关(P<0.05),与MoCA评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。血清HDAC3、CX3CL1单独及联合预测晚期PD的曲线下面积分别为0.805(95%CI:0.682~0.929)、0.843(95%CI:0.736~0.950)、0.894(95%CI:0.849~0.997),灵敏度分别为71.43%、66.67%、80.95%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清HDAC3、CX3CL1升高是PD患者病情进展至晚期的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PD患者血清HDAC3、CX3CL1水平升高与PD患者病情严重程度密切相关,且对病情严重程度有一定的诊断价值。

NONHSAT248596.1内源性竞争miR-146a-5p调控骨关节炎软骨退变的机制

背景:目前已有针对lncRNA\miRNA\mRNA的共表达网络对骨关节炎发生发展调控机制的研究,课题组前期研究已通过数据库筛选出符合条件的NONHSAT248596.1和miR-146a-5p,尚缺乏体内实验来验证上述调控机制。目的:探究NONHSAT248596.1在基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴介导体内骨关节炎软骨退变进程中对miR-146a-5p发挥的竞争性内源性RNA调控作用。方法:取36只新西兰兔,通过向右侧后肢膝关节注射基质细胞衍生因子1溶液建立骨关节炎模型,采用随机数字表法分4组,lncRNA组、miRNA组、ceRNA组、对照组分别向造模膝关节内注射NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p+NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体及空慢病毒载体。造模第4,8,12周,取膝关节软骨组织和软骨下骨组织进行相关检测。结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红与番红O固绿染色显示,4组软骨组织都有不同程度的退变表现,造模第4周时,lncRNA组软骨组织中的软骨细胞肿胀、细胞极性消失,细胞外基质破坏,出现表层糜烂、裂缝形成和软骨组织局部或全层缺失,并随时间延长软骨损伤程度逐渐加重,4组中miRNA组关节软骨炎症进展最缓慢;②qRT-PCR检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量高于其他3组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量低于其他3组(P<0.05);造模后第8,12周,miRNA组软骨组织中的NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量低于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量始终低于其他3组(P<0.05);miRNA组造模后第8,12周软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-146a-5p作为NONHSAT248596.1的作用靶点会受到其竞争性内源性RNA的作用造成活性被抑制,NONHSAT248596.1作用于miR-146a-5p后调控基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴,影响骨关节炎软骨组织中基质金属蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖的表达,造成细胞外基质的降解及蛋白多糖的丢失。

NapA蛋白诱导巨噬细胞分泌趋化因子单核细胞趋化蛋白1和白细胞介素8的机制

目的:研究幽门螺杆菌NapA蛋白诱导巨噬细胞分泌趋化因子单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)和白细胞介素8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的机制。方法:利用NapA蛋白处理巨噬细胞,然后使用ELISA法检测上清中MCP-1和IL-8的表达量。使用C29、ST2825、SB203580、SP600125以及PDTC和巨噬细胞预先共孵育1 h,分别抑制Toll样受体2(toll-like receptors 2,TLR2)、髓样分化因子(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)、核糖核酸酶p蛋白亚基p38(ribonuclease p-protein subunit p38,p38)、应激活化蛋白激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,c-Jun)和核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)的活性,然后再加入NapA蛋白孵育4 h,收集上清并检查其中MCP-1和IL-8的表达量。结果:NapA蛋白刺激巨噬细胞后,MCP-1和IL-8的表达量明显高于未处理组。利用抑制剂C29抑制TLR2的活性,NapA蛋白诱导的MCP-1和IL-8表达量降低。使用ST2825、PDTC以及SB203580分别抑制MyD88、NF-κB以及p38的活性,能够降低NapA蛋白诱导巨噬细胞分泌MCP-1和IL-8的能力,但是抑制c-Jun不影响NapA蛋白诱导巨噬细胞分泌MCP-1和IL-8。结论:幽门螺杆菌NapA蛋白通过TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB通路诱导巨噬细胞分泌MCP-1和IL-8。

口腔种植修复患者血清CTHRC1、CX3CL1水平与预后的相关性研究

目的探究口腔种植修复术患者血清胶原三螺旋重复蛋白-1(CTHRC1)、C-X3-C趋化因子配体1(CX3CL1)水平及其与预后的相关性。方法选择接受口腔种植修复术的患者247例为种植修复组,另择同期健康体检者247例为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别测定2组术前1周、术后1周、术后1个月血清CTHRC1、CX3CL1水平。根据患者术后6个月时X线检查结果分为预后不良组(28例)和预后良好组(219例),比较患者术后1个月C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、CTHRC1和CX3CL1。采用多因素Cox回归分析口腔种植修复术患者预后不良的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,种植修复组术前1周时血清CTHRC1、CX3CL1水平无明显变化(P>0.05),术后1周及术后1个月时血清CTHRC1、CX3CL1水平升高(P<0.05)。种植修复组患者术前1周、术后1周、术后1个月血清CTHRC1、CX3CL1水平呈先升高后降低,术后1周时达到最高,分别为(426.85±73.52)μg/L和(142.41±15.26)ng/L。口腔种植修复患者术后1个月CTHRC1与CX3CL1呈正相关(r=0.436,P<0.001)。预后不良组患者CRP、IL-6、CTHRC1和CX3CL1水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,CTHRC1和CX3CL1水平升高是口腔种植修复术患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论口腔种植修复术预后不良患者血清CTHRC1和CX3CL1水平升高,两者均为患者预后的独立影响因素。