AIM：To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin（IL）-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus（A.fumigatus）-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus k...AIM：To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin（IL）-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus（A.fumigatus）-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin（mT OR）/Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） signaling pathway.METHODS：Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57 BL/6 mice were established using A.fumigatus.The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin.The protein levels of p-mT OR,TLR4,and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot.The TLR4 and IL-1β m RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.RESULTS：In C57 BL/6 mice,rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β.The expression of TLR4,stimulated by A.fumigatus,was reduced as well when the mT OR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin.CONCLUSION：Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mT OR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A.fumigatus infection in mice.展开更多
The immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor cells extensively attenuates the immune activation effects of traditional treatments.In this work,a transferrin receptor(TfR)targeted immunostimulant(PTI)is fabricated for phot...The immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor cells extensively attenuates the immune activation effects of traditional treatments.In this work,a transferrin receptor(TfR)targeted immunostimulant(PTI)is fabricated for photodynamic immunotherapy against metastatic tumors by interrupting β-catenin signal pathway.To synthesize PTI,the photosensitizer conjugated TfR targeting peptide moiety(Palmitic-K(PpIX)-HAIYPRH)is unitized to encapsulate the transcription interrupter of ICG-001.On the one hand,the recognition of PTI and TfR can promote drug delivery into tumor cells to destruct primary tumors through photodynamic therapy and initiate an immunogenic cell death with the release of tumorassociated antigens.On the other hand,PTI will interrupt the binding between b-catenin andcAMP response element-binding protein(CREB),regulating the gene transcription to downregulate programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)while upregulating CeC motif chemokine ligand 4(CCL4).Furthermore,the elevated CCL4 can recruit the dendritic cells to present tumor-specific antigens and promote T cells activation and infiltration,and the downregulated PD-L1 can avoid the immune evasion of tumor cells and activate systemic anti-tumor immunity to eradicate lung metastasis.This work may inspire the development of antibody antibody-free strategy to activate systemic immune response in consideration of immunosuppressive conditions.展开更多
Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause for the development of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)a...Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause for the development of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is the primary cause for liver transplantation in the western world.Insulin resistance is one of the pathological features in patients with HCV infection and often leads to development of typeⅡdiabetes.Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of various complications associated with HCV infection.Recent evidence indicates that HCV associated insulin resistance may result in hepatic fibrosis,steatosis,HCC and resistance to anti-viral treatment.Thus,HCV associated insulin resistance is a therapeutic target at any stage of HCV infection.HCV modulates normal cellular gene expression and interferes with the insulin signaling pathway.Various mechanisms have been proposed in regard to HCV mediated insulin resistance,involving up regulation of inflammatory cytokines,like tumor necrosis factor-α,phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate-1,Akt,up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes like glucose 6 phosphatase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2,and accumulation of lipid droplets.In this review,we summarize the available information on how HCV infection interferes with insulin signaling pathways resulting in insulin resistance.展开更多
内分泌治疗已成为转移性激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)阳性乳腺癌的治疗基础。内分泌耐药的发生使得很多新型内分泌治疗药物或药物组合被研发出来。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent protein kinase,CDK)4/6抑制剂的应用可显...内分泌治疗已成为转移性激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)阳性乳腺癌的治疗基础。内分泌耐药的发生使得很多新型内分泌治疗药物或药物组合被研发出来。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent protein kinase,CDK)4/6抑制剂的应用可显著延长内分泌耐药患者的无进展生存时间。有多项关于使用磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)抑制剂和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂作为后续治疗方案的研究,特别是针对内分泌耐药的情况,应基于合并症、既往辅助治疗、患者的生活质量、不良反应及无病间隔期的情况,选择治疗方案的最佳顺序。对转移性乳腺癌的特定生物标志物检测以及新型基因检测对预测治疗效果、耐药性以及预后均具有重要意义,有助于进一步推动精准治疗的发展。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470609No.81500695)
文摘AIM：To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin（IL）-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus（A.fumigatus）-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin（mT OR）/Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） signaling pathway.METHODS：Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57 BL/6 mice were established using A.fumigatus.The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin.The protein levels of p-mT OR,TLR4,and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot.The TLR4 and IL-1β m RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.RESULTS：In C57 BL/6 mice,rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β.The expression of TLR4,stimulated by A.fumigatus,was reduced as well when the mT OR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin.CONCLUSION：Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mT OR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A.fumigatus infection in mice.
基金the financial support of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1800600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32371394)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515020043,China)the Special Projects in Key Areas of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022ZDZX2046,China)Open Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases(No.SKLRD-OP-202204,China).
文摘The immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor cells extensively attenuates the immune activation effects of traditional treatments.In this work,a transferrin receptor(TfR)targeted immunostimulant(PTI)is fabricated for photodynamic immunotherapy against metastatic tumors by interrupting β-catenin signal pathway.To synthesize PTI,the photosensitizer conjugated TfR targeting peptide moiety(Palmitic-K(PpIX)-HAIYPRH)is unitized to encapsulate the transcription interrupter of ICG-001.On the one hand,the recognition of PTI and TfR can promote drug delivery into tumor cells to destruct primary tumors through photodynamic therapy and initiate an immunogenic cell death with the release of tumorassociated antigens.On the other hand,PTI will interrupt the binding between b-catenin andcAMP response element-binding protein(CREB),regulating the gene transcription to downregulate programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)while upregulating CeC motif chemokine ligand 4(CCL4).Furthermore,the elevated CCL4 can recruit the dendritic cells to present tumor-specific antigens and promote T cells activation and infiltration,and the downregulated PD-L1 can avoid the immune evasion of tumor cells and activate systemic anti-tumor immunity to eradicate lung metastasis.This work may inspire the development of antibody antibody-free strategy to activate systemic immune response in consideration of immunosuppressive conditions.
基金Supported by The National Institutes of Health,NO.DK080812
文摘Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause for the development of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is the primary cause for liver transplantation in the western world.Insulin resistance is one of the pathological features in patients with HCV infection and often leads to development of typeⅡdiabetes.Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of various complications associated with HCV infection.Recent evidence indicates that HCV associated insulin resistance may result in hepatic fibrosis,steatosis,HCC and resistance to anti-viral treatment.Thus,HCV associated insulin resistance is a therapeutic target at any stage of HCV infection.HCV modulates normal cellular gene expression and interferes with the insulin signaling pathway.Various mechanisms have been proposed in regard to HCV mediated insulin resistance,involving up regulation of inflammatory cytokines,like tumor necrosis factor-α,phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate-1,Akt,up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes like glucose 6 phosphatase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2,and accumulation of lipid droplets.In this review,we summarize the available information on how HCV infection interferes with insulin signaling pathways resulting in insulin resistance.
文摘内分泌治疗已成为转移性激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)阳性乳腺癌的治疗基础。内分泌耐药的发生使得很多新型内分泌治疗药物或药物组合被研发出来。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent protein kinase,CDK)4/6抑制剂的应用可显著延长内分泌耐药患者的无进展生存时间。有多项关于使用磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)抑制剂和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂作为后续治疗方案的研究,特别是针对内分泌耐药的情况,应基于合并症、既往辅助治疗、患者的生活质量、不良反应及无病间隔期的情况,选择治疗方案的最佳顺序。对转移性乳腺癌的特定生物标志物检测以及新型基因检测对预测治疗效果、耐药性以及预后均具有重要意义,有助于进一步推动精准治疗的发展。
