Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are rou...Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are routinely using spices in China and Pakistan,respectively.The flavour profiles of Sanhuang chicken breast(CB)and its blends with CS and GM were obtained by electronic nose(E-nose),solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME GC-MS)and GC-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS).Principal component analysis(PCA)efficiently discriminated the aroma profiles of three chicken formulations.The GC-chromatographs revealed the significant aroma alterations of chicken breast meat after marination with spices.Aldehydes were the major contributors of chicken aroma,while most of the aromatic hydrocarbons were generated by spices.Almost all chicken key-compounds produced by oxidation reaction were either reduced or eliminated by marination,showing the antioxidation capacity of spices leading to meat preservation.GC-IMS is not only a rapid and comprehensive detection method,but also proved to be more sensitive than GC-MS.The substantial role of both traditional spices in enhancing flavour quality of chicken meat,and their exposure as functional ingredients in Chinese and Pakistan cuisines could lead to the cross-cultural meat trade opportunities.展开更多
Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functi...Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the host.This study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"axis.Methods Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of age.At 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis capacity.Furthermore,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT conditions.By analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control chickens.In contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating broiler thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis and suggest that the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway may be a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects thermoregulation in broilers.展开更多
Some H5 viruses isolated in poultry or wild birds between 2020 and 2021 were found to be antigenically different from the vaccine strains(H5-Re11 and H5-Re12) used in China. In this study, we generated three new recom...Some H5 viruses isolated in poultry or wild birds between 2020 and 2021 were found to be antigenically different from the vaccine strains(H5-Re11 and H5-Re12) used in China. In this study, we generated three new recombinant vaccine seed viruses by using reverse genetics and used them for vaccine production. The vaccine strain H5-Re13 contains the hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of an H5 N6 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, H5-Re14 contains the HA and NA genes of an H5 N8 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, and H7-Re4 contains the HA and NA genes of H7 N9 virus detected in 2021. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the novel H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine in chickens, ducks, and geese. The inactivated vaccine was immunogenic and induced substantial antibody responses in the birds tested. Three weeks after vaccination, chickens were challenged with five different viruses detected in 2020 and 2021: three viruses(an H5 N1 virus, an H5 N6 virus, and an H5 N8 virus) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, an H5 N6 virus bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, and an H7 N9 virus. All of the control birds shed high titers of virus and died within 4 days post-challenge, whereas the vaccinated chickens were completely protected from these viruses. Similar protective efficacy against H5 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h or 2.3.4.4 b HA gene was observed in ducks and geese. Our study indicates that the newly updated H5/H7 vaccine can provide solid protection against the H5 and H7 N9 viruses that are currently circulating in nature.展开更多
Background:Excessive abdominal fat deposition in commercial broilers presents an obstacle to profitable meat quality,feed utilization,and reproduction.Abdominal fat deposition depends on the proliferation of preadipoc...Background:Excessive abdominal fat deposition in commercial broilers presents an obstacle to profitable meat quality,feed utilization,and reproduction.Abdominal fat deposition depends on the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which involves a cascade of regulatory molecules.Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)serve as post-transcriptional regulators of adipogenic differentiation in mammals.However,the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens are still poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the biological functions and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Results:We established a chicken model of abdominal adipocyte differentiation and analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression in abdominal adipocytes at different stages of differentiation(0,12,48,72,and 120 h).A total of 217 differentially expressed miRNAs(DE-miRNAs)and 3520 differentially expressed genes were identified.Target prediction of DE-miRNAs and functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed targets were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways,including the PPAR signaling and MAPK signaling pathways.A candidate miRNA,gga-miR-106-5p,exhibited decreased expression during the proliferation and differentiation of abdominal preadipocytes and was downregulated in the abdominal adipose tissues of fat chickens compared to that of lean chickens.gga-miR-106-5p was found to inhibit the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.A dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that the KLF15 gene,which encodes a transcriptional factor,is a direct target of gga-miR-106-5p.gga-miR-106-5p suppressed the posttranscriptional activity of KLF15,which is an activator of abdominal preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation,as determined with gain-and loss-of-function experiments.Conclusions:gga-miR-106-5p functions as an inhibitor of abdominal adipogenesis by targeting the KLF15 gene in chickens.These findings not only improve our understanding of the specific functions of miRNAs in avian adipogenesis but also provide potential targets for the genetic improvement of excessive abdominal fat deposition in poultry.展开更多
Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development ...Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development of follicles.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that regulate biological processes by targeting genes or other non-coding RNAs after transcription.In the animal reproduction process,miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells(GCs).Results:In this study,we identified potential miRNAs in the atretic follicles of broody chickens and unatretic follicles of healthy chickens.We identified gga-miR-30a-5p in 50 differentially expressed miRNAs and found that gga-miR-30a-5p played a regulatory role in the development of chicken follicles.The function of miR-30a-5p was explored through the transfection test of miR-30a-5p inhibitor and miR-30a-5p mimics.In the study,we used qPCR,western blot and flow cytometry to detect granulosa cell apoptosis,autophagy and steroid hormone synthesis.Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used for the observation of autophagolysosomes.The levels of estradiol(E2),progesterone(P4),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by ELISA.The results showed that miR-30a-5p showed a negative effect on autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells,and also contributed in steroid hormones and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In addition,the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that Beclin1 was the target gene of miR-30a-5p.The rescue experiment conducted further confirmed that Beclin1 belongs to the miR-30a-5p regulatory pathway.Conclusions:In summary,after deep miRNA sequencing on healthy and atretic follicles,the results indicated that miR-30a-5p inhibits granulosa cell death by inhibiting Beclin1.展开更多
[ Objective] To compare immune efficacy of avian influenza virus (AIV) Re-5 strain (HSN1 subtype) and SS strain ( H9 subtype) in Guangxi Sanhuang chickens. [Method] A total of 180 Sanhuang chickens were selected...[ Objective] To compare immune efficacy of avian influenza virus (AIV) Re-5 strain (HSN1 subtype) and SS strain ( H9 subtype) in Guangxi Sanhuang chickens. [Method] A total of 180 Sanhuang chickens were selected from a breeding chicken farm in Guilin City of Guangxi and assigned into four groups ( n = 45). At 145 days old, the chickens in the group I and II were respectively inoculated with AIV Re-5 strain and AIV SS strain, but they were kept in cages separately. The two control groups were not inoculated. Antibody levels were determined at 170 days old. [ Result] The level of antibodies against AIV Re-5 strain was significantly higher in the chickens of the group I and group II than in the corresponding control groups, respectively ( P 〈 0.01 ). The level of antibodies against AIV SS strain was not significantly different between the group I and its control group or between the group II and its control group. [ Conclusion] The antibody level of chickens can be increased by the AIV Re-5 strain but not by the AIV SS strain.展开更多
Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal ma...Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, we studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three ehick embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton states 17-19) were injected with solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation when they were fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryo were similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hernatomas, as well as fluid-filled blisters, were noted in the limbs of embryos treated with FdU. After the embryos were fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations were observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and lower limbs were affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters with associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship between these phenomena.展开更多
目的研究鸡α-珠蛋白基因5′端核基质结合区(matrix association region,MAR)的基因表达调控作用。方法采用PCR方法扩增鸡α-珠蛋白基因5′端1 600 bp长度的MAR,并将该MAR连接在pCMV/GFP载体CMV启动子上游和GFP报告基因下游,构建含2个MA...目的研究鸡α-珠蛋白基因5′端核基质结合区(matrix association region,MAR)的基因表达调控作用。方法采用PCR方法扩增鸡α-珠蛋白基因5′端1 600 bp长度的MAR,并将该MAR连接在pCMV/GFP载体CMV启动子上游和GFP报告基因下游,构建含2个MAR的真核表达载体pGFP/2MAR。采用Lipofectimine脂质体介导法转染COS7细胞,用荧光显微镜和流式细胞术对荧光表达进行观察、定量。结果荧光显微镜观察pGFP/2MAR在转染48 h后荧光表达量明显高于pCMV/GFP的荧光表达量;流式细胞仪分析表明,在COS7细胞中pCMV/GFP和pGFP/2MAR的荧光表达量分别为17.9%和33.6%。结论该MAR确实能提高GFP在真核细胞中的表达量。展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32001824, 31972198, 31901816, 31901813, 32001827)
文摘Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are routinely using spices in China and Pakistan,respectively.The flavour profiles of Sanhuang chicken breast(CB)and its blends with CS and GM were obtained by electronic nose(E-nose),solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME GC-MS)and GC-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS).Principal component analysis(PCA)efficiently discriminated the aroma profiles of three chicken formulations.The GC-chromatographs revealed the significant aroma alterations of chicken breast meat after marination with spices.Aldehydes were the major contributors of chicken aroma,while most of the aromatic hydrocarbons were generated by spices.Almost all chicken key-compounds produced by oxidation reaction were either reduced or eliminated by marination,showing the antioxidation capacity of spices leading to meat preservation.GC-IMS is not only a rapid and comprehensive detection method,but also proved to be more sensitive than GC-MS.The substantial role of both traditional spices in enhancing flavour quality of chicken meat,and their exposure as functional ingredients in Chinese and Pakistan cuisines could lead to the cross-cultural meat trade opportunities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 32372935,32072781.
文摘Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the host.This study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"axis.Methods Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of age.At 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis capacity.Furthermore,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT conditions.By analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control chickens.In contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating broiler thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis and suggest that the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway may be a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects thermoregulation in broilers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800200)the Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021007)the China Agriculture Research System of the MOF and MARA(CARS-41-G12)。
文摘Some H5 viruses isolated in poultry or wild birds between 2020 and 2021 were found to be antigenically different from the vaccine strains(H5-Re11 and H5-Re12) used in China. In this study, we generated three new recombinant vaccine seed viruses by using reverse genetics and used them for vaccine production. The vaccine strain H5-Re13 contains the hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of an H5 N6 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, H5-Re14 contains the HA and NA genes of an H5 N8 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, and H7-Re4 contains the HA and NA genes of H7 N9 virus detected in 2021. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the novel H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine in chickens, ducks, and geese. The inactivated vaccine was immunogenic and induced substantial antibody responses in the birds tested. Three weeks after vaccination, chickens were challenged with five different viruses detected in 2020 and 2021: three viruses(an H5 N1 virus, an H5 N6 virus, and an H5 N8 virus) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 b HA gene, an H5 N6 virus bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, and an H7 N9 virus. All of the control birds shed high titers of virus and died within 4 days post-challenge, whereas the vaccinated chickens were completely protected from these viruses. Similar protective efficacy against H5 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 h or 2.3.4.4 b HA gene was observed in ducks and geese. Our study indicates that the newly updated H5/H7 vaccine can provide solid protection against the H5 and H7 N9 viruses that are currently circulating in nature.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200803)Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Administration(SYND-2022-28)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-40).
文摘Background:Excessive abdominal fat deposition in commercial broilers presents an obstacle to profitable meat quality,feed utilization,and reproduction.Abdominal fat deposition depends on the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which involves a cascade of regulatory molecules.Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)serve as post-transcriptional regulators of adipogenic differentiation in mammals.However,the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens are still poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the biological functions and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Results:We established a chicken model of abdominal adipocyte differentiation and analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression in abdominal adipocytes at different stages of differentiation(0,12,48,72,and 120 h).A total of 217 differentially expressed miRNAs(DE-miRNAs)and 3520 differentially expressed genes were identified.Target prediction of DE-miRNAs and functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed targets were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways,including the PPAR signaling and MAPK signaling pathways.A candidate miRNA,gga-miR-106-5p,exhibited decreased expression during the proliferation and differentiation of abdominal preadipocytes and was downregulated in the abdominal adipose tissues of fat chickens compared to that of lean chickens.gga-miR-106-5p was found to inhibit the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.A dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that the KLF15 gene,which encodes a transcriptional factor,is a direct target of gga-miR-106-5p.gga-miR-106-5p suppressed the posttranscriptional activity of KLF15,which is an activator of abdominal preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation,as determined with gain-and loss-of-function experiments.Conclusions:gga-miR-106-5p functions as an inhibitor of abdominal adipogenesis by targeting the KLF15 gene in chickens.These findings not only improve our understanding of the specific functions of miRNAs in avian adipogenesis but also provide potential targets for the genetic improvement of excessive abdominal fat deposition in poultry.
基金financially supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0031,2021YFYZ0007)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-40).
文摘Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development of follicles.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that regulate biological processes by targeting genes or other non-coding RNAs after transcription.In the animal reproduction process,miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells(GCs).Results:In this study,we identified potential miRNAs in the atretic follicles of broody chickens and unatretic follicles of healthy chickens.We identified gga-miR-30a-5p in 50 differentially expressed miRNAs and found that gga-miR-30a-5p played a regulatory role in the development of chicken follicles.The function of miR-30a-5p was explored through the transfection test of miR-30a-5p inhibitor and miR-30a-5p mimics.In the study,we used qPCR,western blot and flow cytometry to detect granulosa cell apoptosis,autophagy and steroid hormone synthesis.Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used for the observation of autophagolysosomes.The levels of estradiol(E2),progesterone(P4),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by ELISA.The results showed that miR-30a-5p showed a negative effect on autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells,and also contributed in steroid hormones and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In addition,the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that Beclin1 was the target gene of miR-30a-5p.The rescue experiment conducted further confirmed that Beclin1 belongs to the miR-30a-5p regulatory pathway.Conclusions:In summary,after deep miRNA sequencing on healthy and atretic follicles,the results indicated that miR-30a-5p inhibits granulosa cell death by inhibiting Beclin1.
基金funded by the Program for Excellent Talents in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions (Guilin Education Talents 0857)the Fourth Project of the 11th Five-Year Plan for Guangxi New Century Education Reform Engineering(Guilin Higher Education[2008]No.178)
文摘[ Objective] To compare immune efficacy of avian influenza virus (AIV) Re-5 strain (HSN1 subtype) and SS strain ( H9 subtype) in Guangxi Sanhuang chickens. [Method] A total of 180 Sanhuang chickens were selected from a breeding chicken farm in Guilin City of Guangxi and assigned into four groups ( n = 45). At 145 days old, the chickens in the group I and II were respectively inoculated with AIV Re-5 strain and AIV SS strain, but they were kept in cages separately. The two control groups were not inoculated. Antibody levels were determined at 170 days old. [ Result] The level of antibodies against AIV Re-5 strain was significantly higher in the chickens of the group I and group II than in the corresponding control groups, respectively ( P 〈 0.01 ). The level of antibodies against AIV SS strain was not significantly different between the group I and its control group or between the group II and its control group. [ Conclusion] The antibody level of chickens can be increased by the AIV Re-5 strain but not by the AIV SS strain.
文摘Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, we studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three ehick embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton states 17-19) were injected with solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation when they were fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryo were similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hernatomas, as well as fluid-filled blisters, were noted in the limbs of embryos treated with FdU. After the embryos were fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations were observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and lower limbs were affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters with associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship between these phenomena.