Chicken is an excellent source of good quality protein, but it is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and often implicated in food borne disease. The microbiological quality of chicken at different retail ou...Chicken is an excellent source of good quality protein, but it is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and often implicated in food borne disease. The microbiological quality of chicken at different retail outlets (supermarkets, local markets and farms) in Accra was investigated, and D10-values of E. coli in refrigerated and frozen retailed chicken was determined. The microbiological quality of chicken was studied by analyzing 27 chicken thigh samples collected from the retail outlets. D10-value of Escherichia coli was determined by using a linear regression model after gamma irradiation of inoculated chicken samples with doses of 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 Gy. Mean total viable counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 6.46, 6.91 and 6.57 log10 cfu/g respectively. Mean total coliform counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 3.80, 3.46 and 3.14 log10 cfu/g respectively and the mean S. aureus counts were also 2.32, 2.28 and 2.70 log10 cfu/g respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean total viable count, total coliform counts and S. aureus count for the supermarkets, local markets and the farms. Mean counts of E. coli detected at the supermarket, local markets and farms were 1.27, 2.59 and 2.74 log10 cfu/g respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in 2 out of the 27 samples. Fifty-two percent and 70% of samples respec-tively had total viable counts and total coliform counts within the microbial safety standards. Mean D10E. coli were 0.22 and 0.32 kGy in refrigerated and frozen chicken respectively. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in fresh chicken sold in some retail outlets in Accra was confirmed. Low D10-values of E. coli especially under refrigerated conditions suggest susceptibility to low dose irradiation and possibility of controlling spoilage and pathogenic microflora of fresh poultry.展开更多
Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 ...Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 commercial farms were subjected for the study,out of which 1715 showed various types of oviduct almoimalities.Among the 1715,264 birds from six farms were identified as egg peritonitis on the basis of postmortem examination.Trachea,lung,heart blood,liver,peritoneal exudate,oviduct(infundibulum,magnum,uterus)and cloacal swabs were collected from the 264 birds with egg peritonitis lesion for screening of bacterial agents.Signalment,clinical signs and pathological changes were recorded in the affected flocks.Result:The results of the present investigation indicated that the E.coli associated egg peritonitis was responsible for 15.39%of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 week of age.In the affected flocks egg production drop and mortality varied from 3%to 20%and 0.5%to 7.0%respectively.It was noticed during peak egg production(21 to 60week)and southwest monsoon season(58%).Statistical analysis of age,season and egg production by Chi square test of independence revealed highly significant difference.E.coli was isolated as a pure culture and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 226 and 38 birds respectively.Among the fifteen E.coli serotypes identified serotype O_(166),O_(?)and O_(111)were predominant.Necropsy examination of affected birds revealed the presence of amorphous or insipissiated yolk material in the abdominal cavity with inflammatory changes in the ovary,oviduct and intestine.Microscopically the oviduct surface epithelium showed degeneration and desquamation,moderate to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells especially heterophils and lymphocytes in various regions and lumen contained serofibrinous exudate,inflammatory and desquamated epithelial cells with bacterial microcolonies.Ovarian follicles revealed hyperemia,degeneration of granulosa cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Intestine showed degenerative,necrotic and inflammatory lesion.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the egg peritonitis might be caused by either the translocation of intestinal E.coli into the peritoneal cavity or by the movement of cloacal E.coli into the oviduct followed by ascension of these bacteria up the oviduct,through the infundibulum,and into the peritoneal cavity.To control the egg peritonitis faecal contamination with E.coli should be minimized.展开更多
Antibiotics used for agricultural purpose has contributed to the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-pro...Antibiotics used for agricultural purpose has contributed to the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaled poultry farms and retail chicken. The cultured E. coli isolates were subjected to phenotypic tests, susceptibility tests, and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of blacTX-M, blasHv, and blaTEM genes. From 120 samples each of chicken feces, retail chicken, soil and chicken feed, ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected in 75.9%, 63.6%, 39.2%, and 13.3% of the samples, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MICs） values indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli were resistance to ampicillin （MIC 〉 32 μg/mL）, gentamicin （M1C ≥ 16 μg/mL）, cefotaxime （MIC 〉 4 μg/mL） and cefhiaxone （MIC 〉 4 gg/mL）, respectively. The total resistance for imipenem was also observed at 1.0% （MIC ≥ 4 gg/mL） and none of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime （MIC 〉 16 μg/mL）. ESBL-producing E. coli from chicken feces and retail chicken carried blasHv gene at a rate of 6.8% and 5.7%, respectively and blaCTX-M gene was also revealed at 2.9% in retail chicken. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from soil harbored blasnv and blaCTX-M genes at 5%. None of the feed samples yielded ESBLs genes. Twenty three resistance patterns were observed for multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli. This study highlights the prevalence of multi-antimicrobial resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaledpoultry farms and retail chicken, hence the need to review poultry management practices to minimize the occurrence.展开更多
文摘Chicken is an excellent source of good quality protein, but it is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and often implicated in food borne disease. The microbiological quality of chicken at different retail outlets (supermarkets, local markets and farms) in Accra was investigated, and D10-values of E. coli in refrigerated and frozen retailed chicken was determined. The microbiological quality of chicken was studied by analyzing 27 chicken thigh samples collected from the retail outlets. D10-value of Escherichia coli was determined by using a linear regression model after gamma irradiation of inoculated chicken samples with doses of 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 Gy. Mean total viable counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 6.46, 6.91 and 6.57 log10 cfu/g respectively. Mean total coliform counts for the supermarkets, local markets and farms were 3.80, 3.46 and 3.14 log10 cfu/g respectively and the mean S. aureus counts were also 2.32, 2.28 and 2.70 log10 cfu/g respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean total viable count, total coliform counts and S. aureus count for the supermarkets, local markets and the farms. Mean counts of E. coli detected at the supermarket, local markets and farms were 1.27, 2.59 and 2.74 log10 cfu/g respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in 2 out of the 27 samples. Fifty-two percent and 70% of samples respec-tively had total viable counts and total coliform counts within the microbial safety standards. Mean D10E. coli were 0.22 and 0.32 kGy in refrigerated and frozen chicken respectively. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in fresh chicken sold in some retail outlets in Accra was confirmed. Low D10-values of E. coli especially under refrigerated conditions suggest susceptibility to low dose irradiation and possibility of controlling spoilage and pathogenic microflora of fresh poultry.
基金supported by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University with the grant No.9213/F1-1/2006
文摘Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 commercial farms were subjected for the study,out of which 1715 showed various types of oviduct almoimalities.Among the 1715,264 birds from six farms were identified as egg peritonitis on the basis of postmortem examination.Trachea,lung,heart blood,liver,peritoneal exudate,oviduct(infundibulum,magnum,uterus)and cloacal swabs were collected from the 264 birds with egg peritonitis lesion for screening of bacterial agents.Signalment,clinical signs and pathological changes were recorded in the affected flocks.Result:The results of the present investigation indicated that the E.coli associated egg peritonitis was responsible for 15.39%of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 week of age.In the affected flocks egg production drop and mortality varied from 3%to 20%and 0.5%to 7.0%respectively.It was noticed during peak egg production(21 to 60week)and southwest monsoon season(58%).Statistical analysis of age,season and egg production by Chi square test of independence revealed highly significant difference.E.coli was isolated as a pure culture and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 226 and 38 birds respectively.Among the fifteen E.coli serotypes identified serotype O_(166),O_(?)and O_(111)were predominant.Necropsy examination of affected birds revealed the presence of amorphous or insipissiated yolk material in the abdominal cavity with inflammatory changes in the ovary,oviduct and intestine.Microscopically the oviduct surface epithelium showed degeneration and desquamation,moderate to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells especially heterophils and lymphocytes in various regions and lumen contained serofibrinous exudate,inflammatory and desquamated epithelial cells with bacterial microcolonies.Ovarian follicles revealed hyperemia,degeneration of granulosa cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Intestine showed degenerative,necrotic and inflammatory lesion.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the egg peritonitis might be caused by either the translocation of intestinal E.coli into the peritoneal cavity or by the movement of cloacal E.coli into the oviduct followed by ascension of these bacteria up the oviduct,through the infundibulum,and into the peritoneal cavity.To control the egg peritonitis faecal contamination with E.coli should be minimized.
文摘Antibiotics used for agricultural purpose has contributed to the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaled poultry farms and retail chicken. The cultured E. coli isolates were subjected to phenotypic tests, susceptibility tests, and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of blacTX-M, blasHv, and blaTEM genes. From 120 samples each of chicken feces, retail chicken, soil and chicken feed, ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected in 75.9%, 63.6%, 39.2%, and 13.3% of the samples, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MICs） values indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli were resistance to ampicillin （MIC 〉 32 μg/mL）, gentamicin （M1C ≥ 16 μg/mL）, cefotaxime （MIC 〉 4 μg/mL） and cefhiaxone （MIC 〉 4 gg/mL）, respectively. The total resistance for imipenem was also observed at 1.0% （MIC ≥ 4 gg/mL） and none of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime （MIC 〉 16 μg/mL）. ESBL-producing E. coli from chicken feces and retail chicken carried blasHv gene at a rate of 6.8% and 5.7%, respectively and blaCTX-M gene was also revealed at 2.9% in retail chicken. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from soil harbored blasnv and blaCTX-M genes at 5%. None of the feed samples yielded ESBLs genes. Twenty three resistance patterns were observed for multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli. This study highlights the prevalence of multi-antimicrobial resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaledpoultry farms and retail chicken, hence the need to review poultry management practices to minimize the occurrence.
