Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children

BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone significant changes,with more families having two or three children.AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and nononly child groups.Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared.Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age(difference less than or equal to 6 months),and the matched data were compared.The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents'job stress before and after matching was analyzed.RESULTS Before matching,the mother's occupation,children's personality characteristics,and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups(P<0.05).After matching 550 pairs,differences in the children's parenting styles remained.There were significant differences in children's gender and parents'attitudes toward children between the two groups.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF)scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group(P<0.05).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that after matching,there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents'attitudes toward their children(r=0.096,P<0.01),and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender,parents'attitudes toward their children,and SDQ scores(r=0.077,0.193,0.172,0.222).CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families.Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors,and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.

Exploration of Child-friendly Urban Park Design Strategies Based on Child Behavioral Psychology

By studying the behavioral psychology and needs of children,this paper analyzes the essence of child-friendly parks from the perspective of children,and discusses the design principles and key points of child-friendly parks,so as to provide a practical basis for the construction of child-friendly cities.

Recent Trends in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Children According to Demographic and Social Characteristics

Objective This study aims to explore trends in sedentary behavior among Chinese children aged 6–17 years per demographic and social characteristics.Methods A total of 4,341 children aged 6–17 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were included.Repeated measures from mixed-effects models were applied to test trends in sedentary behaviors,which were further analyzed after applying stratification according to gender,age,urbanization level,residential area,and region.Random-effects ordinal regression models were used to examine the trends at sedentary levels.Results From 2004 to 2015,sedentary time among children aged 6–17 years increased from 23.9±0.6 h/week to 25.7±0.6 h/week(P<0.001).Increases of 3.1 h/week(P<0.001),2.3 h/week(P=0.012),and 1.3 h/week(P=0.042)were found among the low-,medium-,and high-urbanization groups respectively and increased by 2.0 h/week(P<0.001)and 1.3 h/week(P=0.002)among rural and urban children,respectively.The proportion of Chinese children with average daily screen time below 2 hours declined by 10.2%(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.42–0.63,P<0.001);a decreasing trend was observed in both boys and girls.Conclusions Sedentary time among Chinese children aged 6–17 years showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2015,especially among children residing in rural areas and regions with low urbanization levels.

STUDY ON INTELLIGENT DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS OF IRON－DEFICIENT SCHOOL CHILDREN

we studied a sample or 433 school children aged 6～14 years with double-blind, placebocontrol.Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL),Conner's questionnaire in all sample and WISC-CR intelligent test in part of it were performed.The study aimed to explore the behavioral and intelligent effects or iron deficiency on school children. The results showed:in the children with poor intellgent quotien (IQ) tested by WISC-CR serum ferritin level was significantly lower than that in the children with normal to (P<0. 01);with analysis or stepwise multiple regression for behavioral problem of children, serum ferritin (SF),free erythroyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and hemoglobin (HB) were taken into the equation suggesting that iron-dericient biochemical index had significant effect on behavioral problem or school children. With factor analysis of Conner's questionnaire, different factor structure between the iron-deficient and normal group was revealed. Therefore,irondeficient group had higher learning problem than normal group.After treatment using iron dextran the differences in the learning problem between the two groups disappeared.

Which intensities, types, and patterns of movement behaviors are most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among children?

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine which intensities,patterns,and types of 24-h movement behaviors are most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among children.Methods:A total of 369 children aged 1013 years were studied.Participants wore an Actical accelerometer and a Garmin Forerunner 220 Global Positioning System logger and completed an activity and sleep log for 7 days.Data from these instruments were combined to estimate average minute per day spent in 14 intensities,11 types,and 14 patterns of movement.Body mass index,resting heart rate,and systolic blood pressure values were combined to create a cardiometabolic risk factor score.Partial least squares regression analysis was used to examine associations between the 39 movement behavior characteristics and the cardiometabolic risk factor score.The variable importance in projection(VIP)values were used to determine and rank important movement behavior characteristics.There was evidence of interaction by biological maturity,and the analyses were conducted separately in the 50%least mature and 50%most mature participants.Results:For the least biologically mature participants,fifteen of the 39 movement behavior characteristics had important VIP value scores;eight of these reflected movement intensities(particularly moderate and vigorous intensities),six reflected movement patterns,and one reflected a movement type.For the most mature participants,thirteen of the 39 movement behavior characteristics had important VIP value scores,with five reflecting intensities(particularly moderate and vigorous intensities),five reflecting patterns,and three reflecting types of movement.Conclusion:More than 12 movement behavior characteristics were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors within both the most and least mature participants.Movement intensities within the moderate and vigorous intensity ranges were the most consistent correlates of these risk factors.

Can language acquisition be facilitated in cochlear implanted children? Comparison of cognitive and behavioral psychologists' viewpoints

AIM To study how language acquisition can be facilitated for cochlear implanted children based on cognitive and behavioral psychology viewpoints?METHODS To accomplish this objective, literature related to behaviorist and cognitive psychology prospects about language acquisition were studied and some relevant books as well as Medline, Cochrane Library, Google scholar, ISI web of knowledge and Scopus databases were searched. Among 25 articles that were selected, only 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Based on the inclusion criteria, review articles, expert opinion studies, non-experimental and experimental studies that clearly focused on behavioral and cognitive factors affecting language acquisition in children were selected. Finally, the selected articles were appraised according to guidelines of appraisal of medical studies.RESULTS Due to the importance of the cochlear implanted child's language performance, the comparison of behaviorist and cognitive psychology points of view in child language acquisition was done. Since each theoretical basis, has its own positive effects on language, and since the two are not in opposition to one another, it canbe said that a set of behavioral and cognitive factors might facilitate the process of language acquisition in children. Behavioral psychologists believe that repetition, as well as immediate reinforcement of child's language behavior help him easily acquire the language during a language intervention program, while cognitive psychologists emphasize on the relationship between information processing, memory improvement through repetitively using words along with "associated" pictures and objects, motor development and language acquisition. CONCLUSION It is recommended to use a combined approach based on both theoretical frameworks while planning a language intervention program.

Associations of Mental and Behavioral Problems among Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Previously and Visits with Their Fathers Who Perpetrated the Violence

Background: Intimate partner violence has long-term and negative effects on the health of mothers and children worldwide. This study aimed to identify the mental and behavioral effects of past exposure to intimate partner violence among children and examine their associations with the children’s visits with their fathers who perpetrated the intimate partner violence. Methods: A cross-sectional study of women who had been abused by their intimate partners and had one or more children aged 4 - 18 years old was conducted from March 2015 to December 2016. Questionnaires were used to collect (1) demographic data about the mothers and children, (2) information about the children’s visits with the mother’s former partner (i.e., father), and (3) psychological data using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist/4 - 18. Results: The average scores and rates of internalizing, externalizing, and total problems among the children who had been exposed to intimate partner violence were: 10.8 (SD = 10.4), 26 (51.0%);9.0 (SD = 9.0), 14 (27.5%);and 26.3 (SD = 21.5), 15 (29.4%), respectively. Children’s visits with fathers who were IPV perpetrators were significantly associated with the internalizing (AOR = 12.6, β = 0.56;p β = 0.48;p Conclusion: Attention should focus on traumatized children exposed to intimate partner violence, and thorough and cautious assessments and decisions regarding visits with their fathers who are IPV perpetrators are essential to safeguard and improve their mental and behavioral health.

Social Skills and Behavioral Problems in Adolescents with Child Sexual Abuse, and Their Relation to Basal Cortisol

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a stressful associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with history of CSA could have higher cortisol levels, as these have been associated with deleterious changes in brain regions involved in controlling social behavior and self-control. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship among basal cortisol levels, social skills and behavioral problems in adolescents with CSA by evaluating two groups: one consisting of 12 - 15-year-old girls with CSA (n = 23), the other healthy comparison adolescents with no history of child abuse (n = 23). Social skills and behavioral problems were assessed using the Social Skills Improvement System. Three saliva samples were collected from each participant. The girls with CSA had lower social skills and more behavioral problems, as well as, higher cortisol concentrations. Besides, these participants showed significant negative correlations among cortisol levels and social skills, as well as, positive correlations with behavioral problems scales. It is feasible to suggest that the social deficiencies observed in these participants with CSA are related to alterations of the HPA.

The Kazdin Method for Developing and Changing Behavior of Children and Adolescents

The Kazdin Method is a version of parent management training in which parents are trained to alter the behaviors of their children.The method draws on the principles and techniques of applied behavior analysis.The techniques focus on antecedents(what comes before the behavior),behavior(crafting the precise behaviors one wishes to develop),and consequences(usually praise to increase the likelihood that the desired behaviors will be performed again).The key focus is repeated practice in changing parent and child behaviors.The article traces the evolution of my use of parent training to treat severe aggressive and antisocial behavior among clinically referred samples and also to help parents with the routine challenges of child rearing.Researchfindings supporting the effectiveness of the techniques are highlighted.In addition,the article discusses issues and myths that may be of concern with the approach such as the exclusive focus on behavior,the extent to which the effects endure,and the use of consequences to change behavior.Resources are provide for parents and professionals for implementing the techniques and as well as for addressing topics of interest to parents in child and adolescent development.

儿童行为特点及家庭管理方式对哮喘控制水平影响路径分析

目的探讨儿童行为特点及其家庭管理方式对儿童哮喘控制水平影响路径。方法采用便利抽样法选取82例哮喘患儿,应用一般资料问卷、适应行为量表(AAMR)、家庭管理测量量表(FaMM)及儿童哮喘控制测试表(Childhood asthma control test,C-ACT)进行问卷调查,分析其影响路径。结果患儿AAMR适应行为量表得分(84.87±9.16)分,FaMM量表得分(188.77±19.01)分,C-ACT得分(15.20±4.66)分。Pearson相关分析结果显示,适应性行为分别与家庭管理、哮喘控制呈正相关关系(r=0.580、0.219,P<0.05),家庭管理与哮喘控制呈正相关关系(r=0.401,P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果表明,家庭管理在哮喘患儿适应性行为和哮喘控制有部分中介调节作用,效应占比为45.95%。结论儿童行为特点能够通过家庭管理方式对患儿哮喘控制水平产生影响,临床护理人员应重视对患儿家属的健康教育管理,提升家属对疾病的认知度及家庭管理能力,以改善患儿的行为方式,达到有效控制患儿疾病的目的。

右美托咪定联合动画片辅助对全麻腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿术后行为改变的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定联合动画片干预对防治全麻腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿术后行为改变的临床意义。方法选取2020年4月—2022年12月择期行全麻腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术的患儿270例为研究对象,根据就诊序号采用电脑随机数字表法分为A组(予以右美托咪定干预)、B组(予以动画片干预)、C组(予以右美托咪定联合动画片干预),每组90例。比较3组不同时间点平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P ET CO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、呼吸频率(RR)、改良耶鲁围术期焦虑量表(mYPAS)评分以及诱导期合作度量表(ICC)评分、苏醒期躁动评分量表(PAED)评分、躁动发生率、苏醒情况、术后行为改变情况。结果在术前麻醉准备期间(T 2)、入手术室(T3)、术后苏醒即刻(T4),C组HR、MAP低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。3组P_(ET)CO_(2)、SpO_(2)、RR在组间、时间及组间·时间交互作用比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T2、T3时,C组mYPAS评分低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。C组ICC、PAED评分及苏醒期躁动率低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。术后1、7 d,C组行为改变发生率低于A组、B组(P<0.05)。3组拔管时间、意识恢复时间、麻醉恢复室停留时间及不良事件总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合动画片干预可降低行全麻腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿术前焦虑,提升患儿麻醉诱导合作程度,降低苏醒期躁动及术后行为改变发生率,且对患儿血流动力学影响较小,安全性高。

家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系:亲子沟通和锻炼行为的链式中介作用

本研究主要探讨家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系,揭示亲子沟通与锻炼行为在其中的中介作用。运用横断面调查方法,采用《家庭体育教育问卷》《心理健康诊断测验》《亲子沟通量表》《体育活动等级量表》,对1049名义务教育阶段学生进行调查。结果表明:家庭体育教育、亲子沟通、锻炼行为和心理健康两两显著相关。家庭体育教育对心理健康的直接效应显著,亲子沟通、锻炼行为以及亲子沟通和锻炼行为在家庭体育教育和心理健康之间的中介和链式中介作用显著。结论:家庭体育教育是义务教育阶段学生心理健康的重要影响因素,同时可通过亲子沟通、锻炼行为的作用路径对心理健康产生间接影响。建议:推进立法,为家庭体育教育保驾护航;“校-社”协同,助力家庭体育教育开展;反客为主,主动开展家庭体育教育活动;以研促体,加强家庭体育教育研究的全面性。

行为健康视角下儿童友好社区规划策略研究

为营造儿童友好健康的城市社区环境,分析总结了社区儿童日常生活时空行为特征及社区建成环境需求,提取并构建包含安全、文化、交通、空间、建筑、绿化、教育、参与等8项一级指标,户外安全感觉、慢行通学路径等20项二级指标内容的儿童友好社区行为健康支持体系,并从交通引导、功能分区、公共空间、适儿设施、健康培养、公众参与等方面提出儿童友好社区规划应对策略。

童年创伤、亲子依恋对青少年问题行为的影响研究

为了探明童年创伤、亲子依恋对青少年问题行为的作用,采用儿童创伤问卷、依恋方式问卷和长处困难问卷对300名青少年进行调研。结果显示:童年创伤与安全型依恋显著负相关,与不安全型依恋显著正相关,与问题行为之间显著正相关;问题行为与安全型依恋之间显著负相关,与不安全型依恋之间显著正相关。结论:童年创伤可能破坏亲子依恋关系,进而导致青少年问题行为的发生。家长应该为子女创设良好的成长环境,良好的童年经历、高质量的亲子依恋关系意味着更少的问题行为。

家校合作对青少年社会行为的影响研究

青少年社会行为是非认知能力的主要体现,其不良社会行为不仅会影响其自身的学业和身心发展,也会影响家庭甚至整个社会的和谐稳定。家校合作是教育体系的组成部分,是影响青少年身心健康和全面发展的重要因素。基于中国教育追踪调查数据,分析家校合作对青少年社会行为的影响。结果表明:第一,家校合作能显著提升青少年亲社会行为,减少青少年问题行为;第二,二者关系在性别、城乡、家庭经济水平方面存在异质性;第三,亲子关系和师生关系在家校合作和青少年社会行为之间起中介作用。因此,应通过拓宽家校合作领域、培养良好的亲子关系和师生关系、重视家庭教育等途径,提升青少年亲社会行为和减少青少年问题行为。

早期亲子互动与儿童社会性发展——基于互动行为编码方案的应用证据

早期亲子互动会影响儿童社会性发展,对互动行为与互动水平的全面观察有助于更为客观地研究二者间的关系。基于近15年互动行为编码方案(Coding Interactive Behavior, CIB)的应用证据,发现早期亲子互动影响儿童情感社会化(共情能力与情绪调节能力)和行为社会化(亲社会行为与内化外化问题行为)。生物行为同步、催产素、依恋相关大脑网络的相互作用可能是这一影响的神经生物学机制,并受到儿童因素、家庭因素、环境因素的调节。未来研究有必要关注早期亲子互动和儿童社会性发展的潜在方向性和影响范围,丰富神经生理机制的研究证据、探索“回溯式”的纵向研究方法以弥补现有横向研究与纵向研究的不足。

学龄儿童娱乐视屏类久坐和教育类久坐与抑制控制的关系

目的:探讨娱乐视屏类久坐行为、教育类久坐行为与学龄儿童抑制控制的关系。方法:选取700名学龄儿童(年龄10~15岁),采用儿童青少年久坐行为问卷调查久坐总时间、娱乐视屏类久坐时间和教育类久坐时间,运用Stroop任务评估抑制控制。结果:娱乐视屏类久坐时间与色-词一致条件正确率、色-词不一致条件正确率均负关联(β=-0.15、-0.18),教育类久坐时间与色-词不一致条件反应时负关联(β=-0.09)。结论:学龄儿童久坐行为与抑制控制的关系可能因久坐类型而异,应着重限制娱乐视屏类久坐行为,以保障学龄儿童的认知发展。

听处理与学龄前儿童问题行为的关系:执行功能的中介作用

目的探讨学龄前儿童听处理与问题行为的关系,并探究执行功能在其中的中介作用。方法于2021年6—8月抽取南京2342名7所幼儿园学龄前儿童,用《学龄前儿童听处理评估量表》《Conners父母问卷》《学龄前儿童执行功能行为评定问卷》对学龄前儿童进行评估,分析不同人口学特征儿童听处理、问题行为、执行功能的得分以及异常检出率的差异,同时采用多元线性回归分析影响儿童听处理总分、问题行为总分、执行功能总分的影响因素,并探究执行功能是否是听处理和执行功能的中介因素。结果性别、年级是听处理总分的影响因素(P<0.05);性别、年级、父母受教育程度及家庭经济状况是问题行为总分、执行功能总分的影响因素(P<0.05)。听处理总分(rs=0.458,P<0.05)、问题行为总分(rs=0.185,P<0.05)与执行功能总分呈显著正相关,听处理总分与问题行为总分呈显著正相关(rs=0.423,P<0.05)。执行功能在听处理与问题行为间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的33.44%。结论学龄前儿童听处理可能直接影响其问题行为,也可能通过间接影响执行功能影响问题行为。

亲子互动视角下亲子家庭博物馆参观体验设计策略研究

目的以亲子互动为视角,探索亲子家庭博物馆参观体验设计策略,为设计师和博物馆策展人员带来设计启发。方法以浙江自然博物院安吉馆恐龙展厅为例,通过对亲子家庭参观过程行为进行观察并记录参观数据,以统计学方法对观察数据展开定性分析和定量描述分析。结果通过对亲子家庭博物馆参观过程行为的观察数据进行分析,结合展品和体验设计方法,从空间布局与参观动线、展品外观与互动技术、展示形式与展示内容,以及展品关联性与可及性4个维度,提出了亲子互动视角下亲子家庭参观体验设计策略,结合设计策略针对浙江自然博物院安吉馆恐龙展厅进行设计实践。结论从亲子互动视角探索参观体验,能有效帮助研究者深入了解参观过程中的互动与交流,为博物馆亲子活动的开展和展览设计提供重要的理论支持和实践指导,提升沉浸高效的博物馆亲子家庭参观体验。

正念教养与学前儿童问题行为的关系:亲子关系与心理弹性的链式中介

本研究基于发展情境论与资源保存理论考察正念教养对学前儿童问题行为的影响及其作用机制。采用正念教养问卷、亲子关系量表、第二版Devereux幼儿心理弹性评估量表及长处与困难问卷对27所幼儿园的1712名学前儿童及其家长进行调查。结果显示:(1)正念教养显著预测学前儿童内化问题行为、外化问题行为;(2)亲子亲密、亲子冲突与心理弹性分别在正念教养与学前儿童内化问题行为、外化问题行为中起独立中介作用;(3)亲子亲密、亲子冲突与心理弹性在正念教养与内化问题行为、外化问题行为中起链式中介作用。本研究可为预防与干预学前儿童问题行为提供一定的理论参考。