In this work, anthropometric data measured from three-year-old Nigerian child were compared with United States anthropometric database collected by Snyder, 1977 which formed the basis of US anthropometry used today. F...In this work, anthropometric data measured from three-year-old Nigerian child were compared with United States anthropometric database collected by Snyder, 1977 which formed the basis of US anthropometry used today. Further comparison was also carried out with the dimensions of crash dummies: Hybrid III three-year-old (HIII 3YO) and Q3s dummies in order to determine the validity of using such crash dummies for safety evaluation of cars and child restraint systems (CRS) used for Nigerian children. Anthropometric survey was performed on 30 Nigerian children aged 2.5 to 3.5 years old. Twenty three standard measurements were taken from each child including the weight, height and circumferences etc. Various percentiles mean and standard deviation values were obtained and compared with international database. As observed, the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child appeared to be about 25% lower than US data reported by Snyder. Significant difference was also found between the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child and crash dummies. This study provides the external dimensions of 3-year-old Nigerian child that could be used for crash dummy and CRS design.展开更多
Introduction: Children safety car devices decrease injuries and death in children. A survey conducted in Brazil in 2009 revealed that only 36.1% of children safely transported. In 2010, a Brazilian law was implemented...Introduction: Children safety car devices decrease injuries and death in children. A survey conducted in Brazil in 2009 revealed that only 36.1% of children safely transported. In 2010, a Brazilian law was implemented, obligating the use of safety devices. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of such devices after the law and the eventual reasons for non-use. Methods: A significant sample of Brazilian population aged 18 years or more, which normally carry children until 10 years old answered a survey between August 16 and 25, 2012. The study was conducted in two phases. The first one aimed to raise the proportion and profile of the target population, while the second investigated the children car safety device use (or not). Results: 622 interviews. Children’s transporters are young males (57%), living in a metropolitan area in the South region, concerned about safety and law supervision, with greater education level and income than non-transporters (31%) who are male with lack of information, living in a non-metropolitan area of the Northeast region that would be motivated to use the device by effective law fiscalization or threat of an accident. Conclusion: Two years after the law it is observed that education, income, age, gender and region of origin influence the use/non-use of the safety seats in Brazil. The accident threat and fiscalization are the main reasons for using the device, showing that the lack of information impairs the democratization of its use and the prevention culture has to be enhanced in the country.展开更多
为优化安全带固定式儿童乘员约束系统(CRS)安全带设计,用"试验设计方法(DOE)",优化约束路径参数。用CRS有限元模型,建立Hybrid III 3岁儿童假人正面碰撞仿真模型,用台车试验结果进行了验证。改进了CRS骨架结构,用正交试验设计...为优化安全带固定式儿童乘员约束系统(CRS)安全带设计,用"试验设计方法(DOE)",优化约束路径参数。用CRS有限元模型,建立Hybrid III 3岁儿童假人正面碰撞仿真模型,用台车试验结果进行了验证。改进了CRS骨架结构,用正交试验设计,研究安全带导向环固定位置、骨架座椅厚度及儿童乘员与五点式安全带之间的摩擦因数等因素,对头部伤害指标(HIC15)值、胸部合成加速度、胸部垂直加速度等损伤参数的影响。结果表明:头部前倾位移量,从高于法规限值(550 mm)的1.5%,降到低于限值的15%。安全带导向环固定位置是最为敏感的因素;因此,优化导向环固定位置及降低摩擦因数,可减少头部最大位移量。展开更多
文摘In this work, anthropometric data measured from three-year-old Nigerian child were compared with United States anthropometric database collected by Snyder, 1977 which formed the basis of US anthropometry used today. Further comparison was also carried out with the dimensions of crash dummies: Hybrid III three-year-old (HIII 3YO) and Q3s dummies in order to determine the validity of using such crash dummies for safety evaluation of cars and child restraint systems (CRS) used for Nigerian children. Anthropometric survey was performed on 30 Nigerian children aged 2.5 to 3.5 years old. Twenty three standard measurements were taken from each child including the weight, height and circumferences etc. Various percentiles mean and standard deviation values were obtained and compared with international database. As observed, the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child appeared to be about 25% lower than US data reported by Snyder. Significant difference was also found between the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child and crash dummies. This study provides the external dimensions of 3-year-old Nigerian child that could be used for crash dummy and CRS design.
文摘Introduction: Children safety car devices decrease injuries and death in children. A survey conducted in Brazil in 2009 revealed that only 36.1% of children safely transported. In 2010, a Brazilian law was implemented, obligating the use of safety devices. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of such devices after the law and the eventual reasons for non-use. Methods: A significant sample of Brazilian population aged 18 years or more, which normally carry children until 10 years old answered a survey between August 16 and 25, 2012. The study was conducted in two phases. The first one aimed to raise the proportion and profile of the target population, while the second investigated the children car safety device use (or not). Results: 622 interviews. Children’s transporters are young males (57%), living in a metropolitan area in the South region, concerned about safety and law supervision, with greater education level and income than non-transporters (31%) who are male with lack of information, living in a non-metropolitan area of the Northeast region that would be motivated to use the device by effective law fiscalization or threat of an accident. Conclusion: Two years after the law it is observed that education, income, age, gender and region of origin influence the use/non-use of the safety seats in Brazil. The accident threat and fiscalization are the main reasons for using the device, showing that the lack of information impairs the democratization of its use and the prevention culture has to be enhanced in the country.
文摘为优化安全带固定式儿童乘员约束系统(CRS)安全带设计,用"试验设计方法(DOE)",优化约束路径参数。用CRS有限元模型,建立Hybrid III 3岁儿童假人正面碰撞仿真模型,用台车试验结果进行了验证。改进了CRS骨架结构,用正交试验设计,研究安全带导向环固定位置、骨架座椅厚度及儿童乘员与五点式安全带之间的摩擦因数等因素,对头部伤害指标(HIC15)值、胸部合成加速度、胸部垂直加速度等损伤参数的影响。结果表明:头部前倾位移量,从高于法规限值(550 mm)的1.5%,降到低于限值的15%。安全带导向环固定位置是最为敏感的因素;因此,优化导向环固定位置及降低摩擦因数,可减少头部最大位移量。
