Background: Medical staff provide care to spouses of terminal cancer patients through trial and error by meeting their various support needs and spousal factors regarding their anticipatory grief. Studies on the assoc...Background: Medical staff provide care to spouses of terminal cancer patients through trial and error by meeting their various support needs and spousal factors regarding their anticipatory grief. Studies on the association between spousal characteristics and anticipatory grief have been inconclusive;additionally, there has been insufficient research on support needs for anticipatory grief of spouses. This study aimed to explore the spousal characteristics and social support needs predicting anticipatory grief in spouses of patients with cancer at the end of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible spouses (n = 102) completed a self-report questionnaire in two hospitals with palliative care units in Japan. The questionnaire included demographic information, a tool assessing social support needs of spouses, and the Anticipatory Grief Scale for Family Caregivers. Results: Simple regression analyses indicated that patient age, chemotherapy, no treatment, ECOG PS3, children aged under 20 years, total score of “social support needs regarding the disease and treatment of the patients” and subscale scores (“medical condition and cure,” “daily life and social support,” and “intimacy and employment”), and total score of “social support needs of the spouses” and subscale scores (“family psychological issues and social support” and “intimacy, employment, and society”) were significant variables (all p p Conclusions: Patients having no experience of “chemotherapy” and higher “social support needs of the spouses” in Model 1, and greater spousal needs of “family psychological issues and social support” in Model 2 were significant predictors of severe anticipatory grief. Medical staff should pay attention to these risk factors that predict anticipatory grief among spouses.展开更多
The ageing of society has been considered as one of the three major social problems in the twentyfirst century. Since 2000, China has entered the ageing society formally, and become one of the earliest developing coun...The ageing of society has been considered as one of the three major social problems in the twentyfirst century. Since 2000, China has entered the ageing society formally, and become one of the earliest developing countries that witness the population ageing, and also the countries with the largest ageing population in the world. Problems for supporting the aged have become crucial social problems of China. This paper, on the basis of analyzing changing physical and mental characteristics and needs of the elders, proposed different living models such as living together, living alone, living close, and social nursing facilities.展开更多
The identification of customer needs is one of the important first⁃step works for product design.Contrary to explicit ones,the implicit customer needs are less obvious,thus relying on the designers to discover.Up till...The identification of customer needs is one of the important first⁃step works for product design.Contrary to explicit ones,the implicit customer needs are less obvious,thus relying on the designers to discover.Up till now,there still lacks a rational or systematic method on the identification of implicit customer needs.Designers have to rely on their own intuition and personal experience to do the work,hindering the product design and development further on.Therefore,it is necessary to study the implicit customer needs and their identification methods.To this end,this paper first studies the characteristics of implicit needs,and clarifies the relationship between implicit needs and explicit needs.Based on this,the concept of customer needs life cycle is put forward.After that,two methods for the identification of implicit needs are proposed,including an active approach and a passive approach.For the active approach,it is suggested to exploit the functional characteristics of the product and the products in the same series or categories,for which a direct acquisition method and an evaluation data mining method are proposed,and a treadmill design case is studied.For the passive approach,it is suggested to exploit the scenario elements of product usage,for which a scenario elements questionnaire method and a scenario adaptation problem method are proposed,and a spinning bike design case is studied.The two design cases have demonstrated the process of customer needs identification and also verified the applicability of the proposed methods.展开更多
文摘Background: Medical staff provide care to spouses of terminal cancer patients through trial and error by meeting their various support needs and spousal factors regarding their anticipatory grief. Studies on the association between spousal characteristics and anticipatory grief have been inconclusive;additionally, there has been insufficient research on support needs for anticipatory grief of spouses. This study aimed to explore the spousal characteristics and social support needs predicting anticipatory grief in spouses of patients with cancer at the end of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible spouses (n = 102) completed a self-report questionnaire in two hospitals with palliative care units in Japan. The questionnaire included demographic information, a tool assessing social support needs of spouses, and the Anticipatory Grief Scale for Family Caregivers. Results: Simple regression analyses indicated that patient age, chemotherapy, no treatment, ECOG PS3, children aged under 20 years, total score of “social support needs regarding the disease and treatment of the patients” and subscale scores (“medical condition and cure,” “daily life and social support,” and “intimacy and employment”), and total score of “social support needs of the spouses” and subscale scores (“family psychological issues and social support” and “intimacy, employment, and society”) were significant variables (all p p Conclusions: Patients having no experience of “chemotherapy” and higher “social support needs of the spouses” in Model 1, and greater spousal needs of “family psychological issues and social support” in Model 2 were significant predictors of severe anticipatory grief. Medical staff should pay attention to these risk factors that predict anticipatory grief among spouses.
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Program of Jiangsu Universities and Colleges(JC1434)2014 Planning Program of"Twelfth Five-year Plan"of Jiangxi Social Sciences(14SH05)2014 Jiangxi Provincial Art and Scientific Planning Program(YG2014113)
文摘The ageing of society has been considered as one of the three major social problems in the twentyfirst century. Since 2000, China has entered the ageing society formally, and become one of the earliest developing countries that witness the population ageing, and also the countries with the largest ageing population in the world. Problems for supporting the aged have become crucial social problems of China. This paper, on the basis of analyzing changing physical and mental characteristics and needs of the elders, proposed different living models such as living together, living alone, living close, and social nursing facilities.
文摘The identification of customer needs is one of the important first⁃step works for product design.Contrary to explicit ones,the implicit customer needs are less obvious,thus relying on the designers to discover.Up till now,there still lacks a rational or systematic method on the identification of implicit customer needs.Designers have to rely on their own intuition and personal experience to do the work,hindering the product design and development further on.Therefore,it is necessary to study the implicit customer needs and their identification methods.To this end,this paper first studies the characteristics of implicit needs,and clarifies the relationship between implicit needs and explicit needs.Based on this,the concept of customer needs life cycle is put forward.After that,two methods for the identification of implicit needs are proposed,including an active approach and a passive approach.For the active approach,it is suggested to exploit the functional characteristics of the product and the products in the same series or categories,for which a direct acquisition method and an evaluation data mining method are proposed,and a treadmill design case is studied.For the passive approach,it is suggested to exploit the scenario elements of product usage,for which a scenario elements questionnaire method and a scenario adaptation problem method are proposed,and a spinning bike design case is studied.The two design cases have demonstrated the process of customer needs identification and also verified the applicability of the proposed methods.
