Research Advances in Infectious Mononucleosis Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus

Infectious mononucleosis (IM), primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), manifests as the classic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Severe cases may involve organ damage, most commonly affecting the liver. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory parameters, with commonly used indicators including EBV-specific antibodies, EBV-DNA load, and the ratio of atypical lymphocytes. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic supportive care, with a cautious approach to the routine use of antiviral medications. In recent years, significant research in traditional Chinese medicine has been conducted in China, showing promising advancements. This article provides a comprehensive review of EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis, offering insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Clinically Controlled Study on Children's Infectious Mononucleosis Treated by Chinese Medicine

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese drugs for the treatment of children＇s infectious mononucleosis （CIM）. Methods： Sixty CIM patients were assigned into the treated group and the control group, patients in the treated group were administered with Chinese herbal decoction, and those in the control group were treated with intravenous dripping of ganciclovir 10 mg/kg per day, for a treatment course of 14 days. Results： The total effective rate was 96.0% in the treated group and 97.1% in the control group, showing insignificant difference between groups. The efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group on the fever clearance time （3.0 ± 1.5 days vs 4.9 ± 3.9 days ） and the disappearance time of cervical lymph node swelling （0.8 ± 1.0 score vs 1.5 ± 1.2 score）, showing statistical significance （all P〈0.05）. T-cell subsets were markedly improved in both groups after treatment. Adverse reaction occurred in four cases of the control group. Conclusion： Using Chinese herbs for clearing heat, removing toxin, activating blood circulation, and dissolving stasis is effective and safe for the treatment of CIM. It can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and shows a certain effect on immune regulation.

A Case of Infectious Mononucleosis Induced Jaundice Complicated by Possible Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI)

In this case, a young female presented with non-specific features such as fever, sore throat, headache and fatigue. She went on to develop epigastric pain, darkening of urine and jaundice, with no resolution of prior symptoms. Physical and Laboratory tests confirmed the primary diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, however, prior history of treatment with multiple drugs led to a diagnosis of DILI as a complication. Appropriate treatment with I.V. antibiotics, hepatoprotective agents, steroids as well as discontinuation of all potential hepatotoxic agents showed significant improvement in patients’ symptoms and overall condition.

Diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis by Combined Detection of Atypical Lymphocytes and Transaminase

In order to explore the value of combined detection of atypical lymphocytes （ATL） and transaminase （alanine aminotransferase, ALT＇ asparate aminotransferase, AST） in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis （IM）, The data of blood routine and liver function were collected from 54 IM patients, 34 acute hepatitis （AH） patients, 44 upper respiratory infection （URI） patients in Union Hospital during March 2002 to March 2005. Same data were also collected from 40 healthy children as normal control. These data were analyzed retrospectively. Both proportion of atypical lymphocytes and enzyme activity of transaminase were elevated simultaneously （ALT〉40 IU/L, AST〉45 IU/L） in 57.4% （31/54） IM patients. There was significant difference （P〈0.01） between IM group and the other groups. Combined detection of atypical lymphocytes and transaminase can be regarded as a diagnostic marker of infectious mononucleosis.

The Positivity Rate of Epstein-Barr Virus Anti-Viral Capsid Antigen IgG among Children with Infectious Mononucleosis in Diyala-Iraq

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded linear DNA human herpesvirus that is transmitted primarily through saliva during childhood. Although the majority of primary EBV infections are clinically asymptomatic, clinical cases are presented as infectious mononucleosis (IMN) syndrome. Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the rate of EBV anti-VCA IgG among children who were clinically suspected as having IMNin Diyala province. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was carried out during 2018 in Diyala province-Iraq. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from 190 children under 15 years of age who were clinically suspected as having IMN, and 180 apparently healthy children as controls. The anti EBV VCA IgG antibodies were detected in serum using the VCA IgG ELISA kit (from Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobessrl-Italy). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS-version 25. A statistical significance was considered whenever the P value was ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that the IgG positivity rate among suspected IMN patients was insignificantly higher in the age group 10 - 14 years old children (80.8%, P = 0.364). In control subjects the highest positivity rate was in the age group of 1 - 4 years with a statistically significant difference (79.5%, P = 0.002). In suspected IMN patients, the age group of 10 - 14 years had the highest mean concentration ± SD of anti-VCA IgG 44.018 ± 38.644 arbitrary units per milliliter (arbU/ml), while in controls, the highest value 38.018 ± 34.908 (arbU/ml) was in the age group of 1 - 4 years, with insignificant difference in either group (P = 0.257 and 0.072, respectively). The results also showed that in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects, females showed higher IgG positivity rate (70.6%, and 75.5%) compared to males (64.8%, and 65.1%) with insignificant difference in both groups (P = 0.392 and 0.126) respectively. Similarly, the IgG mean concentration ± SD was insignificantly higher in females in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects (P = 0.447 and 0.256) respectively. 21 (87.5%) of IgM positive suspected IMN patients were also IgG positive with a statistically significant association (P = 0.028). Conclusion: The positivity rate of anti-EBV VCA IgG among apparently healthy subjects in Diyala province was 70.6%, which increases by age with slight association with clinical suspicion of infectious mononucleosis.

A case of acute infectious mononucleosis presenting with very high ferritin

Hepatitis is an important but uncommon manifestation of acute Epstein Barr infection. Infectious mononucleosis is usually a disease of young adults. We report a case of infectious mononucleosis in a 72-year old jaundiced gentleman with ferritin level of 2438 that normalised on clinical improvement.

Recurrence of infectious mononucleosis in adults after remission for 3 years:A case report

BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is a disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus(EBV).EBV infection is common in children;however,it can cause IM in adults.Studies on recurrence of IM in adults after remission are limited.CASE SUMMARY We report a 28-year-old man who presented with IM-like symptoms with mild liver damage after initial remission of IM for 3 years.He was first diagnosed with IM and treated in 2015.Follow-up tests in 2016 and 2017 did not show any abnormalities.In November 2018,he presented with swelling of the tonsils.He was misdiagnosed with acute suppurative tonsillitis and treated for 5 d.No signs of improvement were observed.He was readmitted with recurrent fever,pharyngalgia,fatigue,and systemic muscle pain.Examinations revealed enlargement of the tonsils and cervical lymph nodes.Blood tests revealed elevated transaminase levels.Anti-EBV test was positive,indicating virus reactivation.IM recurrence was confirmed on the basis of laboratory tests and clinical manifestations.He was treated with antiviral,anti-infective,and hepatoprotective drugs and vitamin supplements.His condition improved and no abnormalities were observed during follow-up.CONCLUSION Recurrence of IM after remission is possible in adults;therefore,long-term followup and monitoring are essential.

Expression and clinical significance of miRNA-146a and IRF-3 in children with infectious mononucleosis

Objective:To investigate the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF-3)and miRNA146a in peripheral blood of children with infectious mononucleosis and the effect of miRNA146a on IRF-3 expression.Methods:In an in vivo experiment,the expression levels of IRF-3 and miRNA146a in peripheral blood of 45 children with infectious mononucleosis and 34 healthy controls were detected by real-time PCR.The in vitro experiment was performed to examine the effect of miRNA146a on IRF-3 expression levels by transfecting miRNA146a mimics and their inhibitors.Results:There was significant difference in IRF-3 gene expression in peripheral blood between healthy controls and children with infectious mononucleosis(t=30.340,P<0.001)while miRNA146a expression was significantly increased compared with healthy controls(t=34.659,P<0.001),and there was a negative correlation between the two groups(r=-0.960,P<0.05).In HeLa cells,transfection with miRNA146a mimics significantly decreased the expression of IRF-3 mRNA(t=8.270,P<0.001)and protein(t=46.170,P<0.001),while miRNA146a inhibitor significantly up-regulated the expression of IRF-3 mRNA(t=8.582,P<0.001)and protein(t=25.891,P<0.001).Conclusion:miRNA146a may be involved in the down-regulation of IRF-3 gene expression by Epstein-Barr virus in children with infectious mononucleosis and then involved in the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis.

A Case of Infectious Mononucleosis Complicated by Severe Thrombocytopenia and Hyperuricemia

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) by Epstein-Barr virus is usually a benign, self-limiting disease. Mild to moderate immune thrombocytopenia in the setting of IM is very common and appears in approximately half of these patients, however it rarely presents in severe form and troublesome haemorrhage is even rarer. Rapid spontaneous resolution is possible, with the role of steroids being controversial. Furthermore, elevation of the levels of uric acid because of immune thrombocytopenia is observed in high frequency;however this finding is usually not mentioned. It is attributed to a transient increase in purine turnover, it appears more often in men (with its peak within the first 2 weeks of IM) and it is treated with intravenous fluids and bicarbonates. The present case report describes the case of a young female patient who develops severe thrombocytopenia and intense hyperuricemia following an Epstein-Barr infection. No severe bleeding appeared, levels of uric acid normalised within the first two weeks of treatment and platelet levels rise back to normal within a month under corticosteroid therapy.

Notch信号通路在成人EB病毒感染所致传染性单核细胞增多症中的作用

目的:观察成人传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患者Notch信号通路分子和Th22细胞的变化,检测抑制Notch信号通路对Th22细胞的调控作用。方法:纳入42例IM患者和21例健康对照者,采集外周血,分离血浆和外周血单个核细胞,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆白细胞介素(IL)-17和IL-22水平,流式细胞术检测CD3+CD4+IL-17+Th17细胞和CD3+CD4+IL-22+Th22细胞比例,实时定量PCR法检测Th17转录因子维甲酸相关孤独核受体γt(RORγt)、Th22转录因子芳香烃受体(AhR)及Notch信号通路分子(包括Notch受体、Notch配体、Notch下游分子)mRNA相对表达量。纯化CD4+T细胞,使用γ-分泌酶抑制剂(GSI)刺激培养,检测GSI刺激后细胞增殖、Th17和Th22细胞比例、IL-17和IL-22分泌、转录因子mRNA相对表达量变化。结果:IM组外周血单个核细胞中Notch1和Notch2 mRNA的相对表达量分别为13.58±3.18、4.73±1.16,均明显高于对照组的1.09±0.12、1.07±0.15(均P<0.001),而Notch3和Notch4 mRNA相对表达量在IM组和对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IM组Notch配体DLL1和Jagged1 mRNA相对表达量、Notch信号下游分子Hes1、Hes5和Hey1 mRNA相对表达量均高于对照组(均P<0.001)。IM患者Th17和Th22细胞比例分别为5.03%±1.15%、4.48%±1.29%,均高于对照组的4.36%±0.82%、3.83%±0.55%(均P<0.05);血浆IL-17和IL-22水平分别为(301.1±53.82)pg/ml、(101.2±16.45)pg/ml,均高于对照组的(237.2±72.18)pg/ml、(84.75±11.83)pg/ml(均P<0.001);RORγt和AhR mRNA相对表达量分别为1.25±0.22、1.21±0.12,均高于对照组的0.99±0.15、1.04±0.11(均P<0.001)。CD4+T细胞增殖水平、Th17细胞比例、IL-17分泌和RORγt mRNA相对表达量在无GSI刺激组和经GSI刺激组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经GSI刺激后Th22细胞比例、IL-22分泌和AhR mRNA相对表达量较无GSI刺激降低(均P<0.05)。结论:Notch信号通路通过AhR调控IM患者CD4+T细胞分泌IL-22,Notch-AhR-Th22细胞通路可能参与IM发病。

血常规参数在鉴别诊断儿童传染性单核细胞增多症与急性化脓性扁桃体炎中的价值

目的探究儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)与急性化脓性扁桃体炎(AST)使用血常规参数鉴别诊断的价值。方法选取郑州大学附属儿童医院38例IM患儿作为实验组研究对象,另外选取38例AST患儿作为对照组研究对象。选取时间为2021年1月至2022年1月。对比两组血常规参数,主要包括炎性血清因子指标[白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)]、血清淋巴细胞参数[淋巴细胞复杂程度(L-X)、淋巴细胞荧光强度(L-Y)、淋巴细胞大小(LZ)]与血清中性粒细胞参数[中性粒细胞复杂程度(N-X)、中性粒细胞荧光强度(N-Y)、中性粒细胞大小(N-Z)]。结果两组WBC检测水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),实验组NLR、MLR、PLR检测水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组L-X检测水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),实验组检测L-Y、LZ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组N-Z检测水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),实验组检测N-X、N-Y水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床可通过血常规参数NLR、MLR、PLR、L-Y、LZ、N-X、N-Y给予IM、AST辅助鉴别诊断,值得应用。

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿合并肝功能损伤的临床特征和预后研究

目的分析传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿合并肝功能损伤的临床特征和预后。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月阜阳市人民医院收治的148例IM患儿作为研究对象,根据患儿病程中是否发生肝功能损伤,分为肝功能损伤组和肝功能正常组。收集并比较两组患儿一般临床特征和实验室检查指标,以及90 d随访的预后情况。结果148例IM患儿中发生肝功能损伤71例,发生率为48.0%。在一般临床特征和实验室检查指标中,肝功能损伤组患儿年龄、淋巴细胞百分比和表现出肝肿大、脾大、眼睑浮肿和皮疹的患者比例高于肝功能正常组,而中性粒细胞百分比、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、CD8+细胞和CD4+/CD8+细胞比值低于肝功能正常组(P<0.05);随访结果表明,肝功能损伤组患儿发热持续时间、住院时间、淋巴结肿大持续时间、淋巴细胞比例恢复正常所需时间及血清EBV DNA转阴时间较肝功能正常组延长,且并发症的发生率高于肝功能正常组(P<0.05)。结论相较于肝功能正常的IM患儿,肝功能损伤患儿病情更为严重,预后恢复相对较慢,且并发症发生风险更高,其主要原因可能与该类患儿免疫应答反应强烈有关。

rhIFN-α1b与更昔洛韦治疗儿童传染性单核细胞增多症的效果及对患儿细胞、体液免疫功能的影响

目的探讨重组人干扰素α1b(rhIFN-α1b)与更昔洛韦治疗儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的疗效及对患儿细胞、体液免疫功能的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年3月在太康县人民医院确诊的100例IM患儿,采用简单随机分组将患儿分为rhIFN-α1b组和更昔洛韦组,每组各50例。更昔洛韦组患儿给予5 mg/kg更昔洛韦静滴治疗,3次/d,每次间隔8 h静滴治疗;rhIFN-α1b组给予2μg/kg的rhIFN-α1b雾化吸入治疗,2次/d,两组均持续治疗7 d。比较rhIFN-α1b组与更昔洛韦组的临床症状改善情况、外周血细胞免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞)、体液免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]、血清炎症因子水平[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)];记录rhIFN-α1b组与更昔洛韦组治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果rhIFN-α1b组患儿退热、肝脾回缩、淋巴结缩小、肌酶恢复至正常时间均短于更昔洛韦组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,两组患儿外周血CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞均高于治疗前,CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞低于治疗前,且治疗7 d后rhIFN-α1b组CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞均高于更昔洛韦组,CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞低于更昔洛韦组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,两组患儿血清IgA、IgG水平高于治疗前,且治疗7 d后rhIFN-α1b组的IgA、IgG水平高于更昔洛韦组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗7 d后两组患儿IL-6、TNF-α水平低于治疗前,且治疗7 d后rhIFN-α1b组的IL-6、TNF-α水平低于更昔洛韦组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论rhIFN-α1b治疗IM效果优于更昔洛韦,能调节患儿的细胞、体液免疫功能,且不会增加不良反应。

血常规参数在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中的诊断价值

目的研究血常规参数在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)中的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集2021年6月至2022年10月在洛阳市妇幼保健院初诊为儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患者60例为研究组,并选取同时期在该院体检的健康儿童40例为对照组。对入组患者的一般资料和实验室检查进行统计分析,比较各指标的差异。分析两组患者的白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)以及淋巴细胞群落参数:淋巴细胞复杂程度(L-X)、淋巴细胞荧光强度(L-Y)、淋巴细胞大小(L-Z)的表达差异。根据是否确诊为儿童IM,将研究组分为A组(IM组)和B组(巨细胞病毒及其他感染组),比较A组和B组的NLR、MLR以及L-X、L-Y、L-Z的差异。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR、MLR以及淋巴细胞群落参数L-Y、L-Z对IM患者的诊断和预测价值。结果研究组CRP、WBC显著高于对照组,NLR、MLR显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的淋巴细胞群落参数L-Y、L-Z均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组与对照组的淋巴细胞群落参数L-X差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组的L-Y、L-Z显著高于B组(P<0.05),NLR、MLR显著低于B组(P<0.05),CRP、异型淋巴细胞比例、L-X参数A、B两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析NLR、MLR、淋巴细胞群落参数L-Y、L-Z预测IM的敏感性分别为0.806、0.889、0.694、0.750,特异性分别为0.828、0.703、0.937、0.891,曲线下面积分别为0.889、0.868、0.862、0.877,最佳截断值分别为0.485、0.095、803.1、961.85。结论血细胞参数NLR、MLR以及淋巴细胞群落参数L-Y、L-Z分别表达机体的免疫功能状态以及量化细胞内部结构变化,更敏感反映儿童IM疾病的改变,可优化儿童IM的临床诊断方案,对儿童IM有较高的诊断价值,可作为诊断该疾病的重要参考指标。

儿童EBV和CMV不同模式感染相关单核细胞增多症的临床和实验室检查特征分析

目的探讨儿童感染EB病毒(EBV)或(和)巨细胞病毒(CMV)后所致的传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的临床特征和实验室指标的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月入本院治疗的109例IM患儿资料,根据感染病原体的不同分为EBV感染组(38例)、CMV感染组(25例)、混合感染组(46例)。分析不同感染组IM患儿的一般特点、临床表现和实验室检查结果。结果共计收集109例IM患儿,男61例,女48例,男女比例为1.27∶1,平均年龄为(4.66±2.68)岁,2~6岁儿童发病较多,约占73.4%。IM患儿一年四季均有患病,其中冬春季患病人数相对较多,占总人数的58.7%。患儿临床表现多样,其中以发热(86.2%)、淋巴结肿大(78.0%)、咽峡炎(75.2%)、肝脏肿大(48.6%)、咳嗽(47.7%)最常见。其中CMV感染组淋巴结肿大、咽峡炎的发生率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。混合感染组WBC计数、LY%、AL%异常率高于其他两组,LDH、ALT、AST结果异常的发生率在混合感染组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论IM儿童CMV和EBV混合感染较为常见,其临床表现更像EBV感染,而实验室检查结果则比单一感染EBV、CMV更为严重,需更加重视。

外周血EBV-DNA及SAA、LDH联合检测对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症的诊断价值

目的探讨外周血EB病毒脱氧核糖核酸(EBV-DNA)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)联合检测对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的诊断价值。方法选取2021年7月至2023年2月陕西中医药大学第二附属医院收治的104例IM患儿为研究组,以同期入院体检的103例健康儿童作为健康对照组。采集两组研究对象初诊/体检时的外周血及血清标本。应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测EBV-DNA拷贝数,应用免疫散射比浊法和速率法分别检测SAA和LDH的水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标单独和联合检测诊断IM的效能。结果研究组SAA、LDH水平明显高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组外周血EBV-DNA阳性率为70.19%(73/104),明显高于健康对照组的9.71%(10/103),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.816,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,3项指标联合诊断的灵敏度为93.65%,特异度为83.33%。结论EBV-DNA、SAA、LDH联合诊断IM的灵敏度与特异度较高,有利于IM的早期诊断。

传染性单核细胞增多症肝损害患儿的临床特征及其与血清IL-1β、NLR水平的相关性

目的探讨传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿肝损害的临床特征及其与血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)水平的相关性。方法回顾性选取2020年4月至2023年4月入战略支援部队特色医学中心治疗的100例原发性IM患儿作为研究对象,按照有无肝功能损害将其分为肝损害组(n=41)与无肝损害组(n=59)。比较肝损害与非肝损害患儿的临床特征(性别、年龄、发热时间、体温峰值以及典型症状等)以及实验室指标[丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)、免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgM、IgG、CD4+/CD8+、NK、NLR、IL-1β等],统计组间差异以及NLR、IL-1β与IM患儿合并肝损害的相关性。结果合并肝损害组与非肝损害组IM患儿的性别、发热时间、体温峰值以及咽峡炎症症状、颈部淋巴结肿胀、脾肿大、眼睑水肿比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);合并肝损害组IM患儿年龄为(4.54±1.05)岁,明显高于非肝损害组[(3.32±0.99)岁],肝肿大比例为39.02%,明显高于非肝损害组(18.64%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝损害组IM患儿血清ALT、IgA、IgM、IgG、IL-1β水平分别为(51.01±3.13)U/L、(1.58±0.61)g/L、(1.96±0.78)g/L、(11.90±2.16)g/L、(11.27±1.98)ng/L,均明显高于非肝损害组[(28.48±3.87)U/L、(1.25±0.63)g/L、(1.64±0.48)g/L、(10.60±3.89)g/L、(8.25±1.59)ng/L],CD4+/CD8+、NLR分别为0.34±0.05、0.58±0.19,均明显低于非肝损害(0.59±0.15、1.43±0.16),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝损害组与非肝损害组IM患儿的NK细胞水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IM患儿血清IL-1β与肝损害呈正相关(P<0.05),NLR与肝损害呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论合并肝损害IM患儿肝肿大明显,且年龄偏大,需重点观察。IM患儿合并肝损害伴有细胞免疫功能异常,血清IL-1β明显升高,而NLR明显降低,可以作为判断IM患儿肝损害的关键指标。

血常规等多种因子检测在儿童传染性疾病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血常规联合C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原检测在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症与化脓性扁桃体炎鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 选取2021年4月—2023年8月广东省中西医结合医院/佛山市南海区中医院收治的51例传染性单核细胞增多症患儿为对照组,同期的62例化脓性扁桃体炎患儿为研究组。均给予实验室指标检测,对2组的血常规指标、临床表现、降钙素原水平、CRP水平进行比较。结果 2组白细胞计数水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数水平分别为(9.31±5.04)、(290.27±95.22)×10^(9)/L,高于对照组的(3.29±1.40)、(221.59±70.33)×10^(9)/L(P<0.05);研究组淋巴结肿大发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组降钙素原、CRP水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在鉴别诊断化脓性扁桃体炎以及传染性单核细胞增多症中,联合应用降钙素原、血常规以及CRP检测效果理想,有利于确诊率的提高。

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿肝损害的风险预测评分模型构建研究

目的:构建传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿肝损害的风险预测评分模型。方法:回顾分析2015年1月—2019年12月收治的381例IM患儿的临床资料,按照2∶1比例将患儿随机分为训练集和验证集,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法探寻IM患儿肝损害的危险因素,并应用R 3.62软件构建列线图风险预测评分模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准曲线、决策曲线验证模型的区分度、校准度以及临床有效性。结果:训练集和验证集临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>6岁、肝肿大、热程>7d、CD8^(+)升高、全血EBV DNA≥3.38 lg copies/mL均是IM患儿肝损害的危险因素(P<0.05),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)升高是IM患儿肝损害的保护因素(P<0.05);基于以上6个影响因素构建列线图风险预测评分模型,ROC曲线显示,该模型在训练集中的敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积分别为85.25%、89.39%、0.857(0.772~0.943),在验证集中的敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积分别为80.00%、87.10%、0.837(0.756~0.919);训练集和验证集中校准前后预测曲线走向一致且贴近;决策曲线显示,在训练集阈概率9%~90%范围内、验证集阈概率2%~99%范围内该模型具有良好的临床应用效果。结论:基于年龄、肝肿大、热程、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)和全血EBV DNA构建IM患儿肝损害风险的列线图预测评分模型具有良好的区分度、校准度以及临床应用效果。

外周血异型淋巴细胞比例联合EB病毒DNA载量在小儿传染性单核细胞增多症诊断中的应用

目的研究外周血异型淋巴细胞比例(ALY)联合EB病毒DNA载量(EBV-DNA)在小儿传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)诊断中的应用。方法选择2020年3月—2022年3月龙岩人民医院收治的62例IM患儿作为IM组,另外选择同期在龙岩人民医院进行健康体检的62例健康儿童作为健康对照组。采用显微镜检测两组患儿外周血ALY、淋巴细胞计数(LYM)、淋巴细胞比例(LYM%);采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测两组EBV-DNA;采用Pearson相关系数分析LYM、LYM%、外周血ALY与EBV-DNA的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)并计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC),考察外周血ALY联合EBV-DNA检测对IM的诊断价值。结果IM组患儿的外周血ALY、LYM、LYM%以及EBV-DNA水平均明显高于健康对照组〔外周血ALY:(25.62±8.31)%比(18.01±4.62)%;LYM(×10~7/mL):8.35±2.61比5.54±0.34;LYM%:(50.35±10.36)%比(37.69±6.31)%;EBV-DNA(拷贝/mL):7.85±2.64比5.31±1.10;均P<0.05〕。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,IM组患儿的LYM、LYM%、外周血ALY与EBV-DNA均呈正相关(r值分别为0.424、0.490、0.632,P值分别为0.016、0.010、0.008)。外周血ALY诊断小儿IM的AUC为0.773,95%可信区间(95%CI)为0.680~0.866,敏感度为48.00%,特异度为72.00%;EBV-DNA诊断小儿IM的AUC为0.810,95%CI为0.718~0.902,敏感度为60.00%,特异度为96.00%;外周血ALY与EBV-DNA联合检测诊断小儿IM的AUC最高,为0.904,95%CI为0.843~0.964,敏感度为90.00%,特异度为92.00%。结论IM患儿外周血ALY和EBV-DNA均显著增高,二者联合检测能够辅助诊断IM。